Autonomous Decision Research Articles

Random Prior Network for Autonomous Driving Decision-Making Based on Reinforcement Learning

Random Prior Network for Autonomous Driving Decision-Making Based on Reinforcement Learning

Navigating the Landscape of Medical Device Advisories: A Special Report From the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society Device Advisory Committee

Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are often important for regulating cardiac rate and rhythm. Pacemakers and defibrillators are among the top 10 most implanted medical devices, with > 1.5 million devices implanted annually. Although millions of patients have benefited with improved quality of life and survival, CIED systems are becoming increasingly complex and do not always perform according to expectations. Advisory notices communicate important information about the safety and performance of a medical device to health care providers and patients. Medical device recalls are common, with > 35 unique device recalls in the past 5 years. From an ethical standpoint, CIED recalls highlight a range of considerations including the consent process, duty to report, how best to promote autonomous decision-making, trust in the health care system, as well as disproportionate effects of these considerations on equity-deserving groups. The purpose of the current article is to review and advise regarding the process around medical device advisory and recall, with a specific focus on clinicians caring for patients affected by these devices. We have sought the input of a lawyer, a patient advocacy group, and an ethicist to guide the clinical management of, and communications regarding, device recalls and advisories. Diligent surveillance and a clear, transparent patient consent process regarding these small but potentially serious device anomalies is paramount in ensuring patients believe they are safe and informed. Meaningful patient engagement helps to ensure optimal communication and disclosure mechanisms before implantation and throughout follow-up, accessibility of information in the initial implant and recall action process, and trust in health care systems and providers.

Maintaining Dignity and Autonomy in the Process of Aging

For decades, research has shown that ageism undermines older adults’ mental and physical health by implying they are less capable and worthy of care. The preservation of dignity and autonomy when confronted by a declining capacity for autonomous decision making due to physical or cognitive disability is difficult and can create personal and ethical dilemmas for providers and patients. It is projected that by 2050, 22.5% of the North American population will be over 65. In addition, statistics show that by 2060, 13.9 million Americans aged 65 and older are projected to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The incidence for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild neurocognitive disorder may be twice as high as dementia. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted in 1948 states that all people are "free and equal in dignity and rights". However, this concept has not been implemented for all older adults especially those with cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is even more critical that mental health providers use their voice to educate people about the negative impact of ageism and advocate for older people in clinical settings.This workshop challenges conventional thinking about our aging population and moral concepts related to ageism, justice, and maintaining dignity and autonomy. This presentation will provide information on how to foster intergenerational solidarity that reduces ageism and benefits people of all ages. The presenters will discuss how autonomy plays a key role in this solidarity as it implies responsibilities as well as rights. In addition, a discussion of ethical theories which suggest that older adults are morally obligated to be productive with their talent and professions will be explained. Residents in long-term care are even more likely to be impacted by ageism as the prevailing belief in our culture is that life lived in independence is of more value than life lived in a facility. The workshop will discuss how providers who work in long term care can support residents and try to ensure their decisions and behaviors are as free from bias as possible. The presenters will use real life case scenarios to engage participants and facilitate learning about these issues.

Protection of the best interests of a child in the medical field (According to the legislation in force in Georgia)

International and Georgian legislation recognises the priority of protecting a child's best interests. While discussing any issues related to a minor, the discussion starts by considering the best interests. The present article relates to protecting the best interests of a child in the field of healthcare when receiving medical services and the exact allocation of functions and duties of the involved decision-making parties to provide guaranteed protection of the best interests of a child. Protection of the best interests of a child includes both the immediate identification of the possible child abuse fact and any long-term interest that may influence the child’s development and psycho-emotional state. A legal representative acting on behalf of a child mainly decides on the medical services provided to the minor. Each case will be evaluated individually to guarantee the protection of a child’s rights and best interest. However, before assessing the protection of a child’s best interests in the medical field, the concept of the child’s best interests will be discussed in general. Acting within the framework of the medical legislation, medical workers play the leading role in the process of providing medical services to minors. That is why the constant involvement of the healthcare system is necessary to eliminate the gaps and barriers under consideration. To ensure the balance between parental authority and the child’s autonomous decision-making, the individual case must be evaluated, and a unified objective must be established using a multidisciplinary approach. The standard research method of the record of medical legislation clearly shows the conflict of interest occurring when considering the best interests of a child and the inevitable violation of the child’s unconditional right to be heard.

Freedom of choice impact on country-specific liquidity commonality

We use three facets of freedom of choice (opportunity, decisional autonomy, and immunity from interference) to develop a freedom of choice index for 46 countries and test its impact on commonality in liquidity. We find that the three aspects of individual freedom of choice are negatively related to country-specific market liquidity commonality. Building on Sen’s (1993) theoretical framework, we document that in the presence of opportunities for making independent choices, immunity from encroaching activities, and decisional autonomy, investors tend to show less correlated trading decisions, measured by the levels of liquidity co-movement. To address possible endogeneity bias, we use 9/11 and country-level terrorist attacks as an exogenous source of variations to personal freedom of choice. We find that higher levels of perceived threats in a country restrain personal freedoms and tend to reduce freedom of choice effects on liquidity commonality. Our results are robust to alternative explanations, freedom of choice definitions, and model specifications.

The transformation of sustainable lifestyle practices in ecoclubs

The lifestyle and consumption habits of individuals are crucial in the question of ecological sustainability. Current consumption patterns need to be changed, requiring societies to shift cultural norms and create new consumer habits which are within planetary boundaries. In the practices of teaching sustainable consumption in higher education participatory and action-oriented research and teaching methods can facilitate the transition towards a more sustainable lifestyle for students. In this paper, we present a method operating at the boundary of education and research, the so-called ecoclubs, based on the characteristics of cooperative inquiry and transformative learning. Ecoclubs enable systematic and democratic knowledge creation to achieve concrete social change. In this paper, we explore how the method can promote transformation in the knowledge, attitude and everyday practices of the participating students regarding a sustainable lifestyle. To analyse the transformative potential of ecoclubs we used qualitative content analysis on 38 semi-structured interviews and reflection diaries of co-researchers of ecoclubs. The results show that according to the members of the ecoclubs, the most important characteristics of this non-formal education are the community, autonomy of decision-making, knowledge sharing and experience-based format. From the students' point of view, these characteristics can contribute to their higher level of engagement with sustainability and additional changes in their lifestyle.

Physician's autonomy in the face of AI support: walking the ethical tightrope.

The introduction of AI support tools raises questions about the normative orientation of medical practice and the need to rethink its basic concepts. One of these concepts that is central to the discussion is the physician’s autonomy and its appropriateness in the face of high-powered AI applications. In this essay, a differentiation of the physician’s autonomy is made on the basis of a conceptual analysis. It is argued that the physician’s decision-making autonomy is a purposeful autonomy. The physician’s decision-making autonomy is fundamentally anchored in the medical ethos for the purpose to promote the patient’s health and well-being and to prevent him or her from harm. It follows from this purposefulness that the physician’s autonomy is not to be protected for its own sake, but only insofar as it serves this end better than alternative means. We argue that today, given existing limitations of AI support tools, physicians still need physician’s decision-making autonomy. For the possibility of physicians to exercise decision-making autonomy in the face of AI support, we elaborate three conditions: (1) sufficient information about AI support and its statements, (2) sufficient competencies to integrate AI statements into clinical decision-making, and (3) a context of voluntariness that allows, in justified cases, deviations from AI support. If the physician should fulfill his or her moral obligation to promote the health and well-being of the patient, then the use of AI should be designed in such a way that it promotes or at least maintains the physician’s decision-making autonomy.

A qualitative inquiry on drivers of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in Kenya.

COVID-19 vaccination rates have been low among adults in Kenya (36.7% as of late March 2023) with vaccine hesitancy posing a threat to the COVID-19 vaccination program. This study sought to examine facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 vaccinations in Kenya. We conducted a qualitative cross-sectional study in two purposively selected counties in Kenya. We collected data through 8 focus group discussions with 80 community members and 8 in-depth interviews with health care managers and providers. The data was analyzed using a framework approach focusing on determinants of vaccine hesitancy and their influence on psychological constructs. Barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake were related to individual characteristics (males, younger age, perceived health status, belief in herbal medicine, and the lack of autonomy in decision making among women - especially in rural settings), contextual influences (lifting of bans, myths, medical mistrust, cultural and religious beliefs), and COVID-19 vaccine related factors (fear of unknown consequences, side-effects, lack of understanding on how vaccines work and rationale for boosters). However, community health volunteers, trusted leaders, mandates, financial and geographic access influenced COVID-19 vaccine uptake. These drivers of hesitancy mainly related to psychological constructs including confidence, complacency, and constraints. Vaccine hesitancy in Kenya is driven by multiple interconnected factors. These factors are likely to inform evidence-based targeted strategies that are built on trust to address vaccine hesitancy. These strategies could include gender responsive immunization programs, appropriate messaging and consistent communication that target fear, safety concerns, misconceptions and information gaps in line with community concerns. There is need to ensure that the strategies are tested in the local setting and incorporate a multisectoral approach including community health volunteers, religious leaders and community leaders.

Impact of laws prohibiting domestic violence on wasting in early childhood.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects an estimated 641 million women and girls globally with far-reaching consequences for the health of women and children. Yet, laws that prohibit domestic violence (DV) are not universal. Countries actively debate the effectiveness of DV laws in improving conditions given the inconclusive evidence on deterrent effects within households particularly in low- and middle-income countries that have limited infrastructure, and fewer resources to implement and enforce policy changes. This is the first study to rigorously examine the impact of DV laws on women's health decision-making and the intergenerational impact on children's wasting, a key predictor of mortality. We used the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data collected between 2000-2020 across 23 African countries. Exploiting the staggered adoption of laws, we used a difference-in-differences study design to estimate the impact of DV laws in the treated countries compared to countries without such laws. We find that DV laws increased women's decision-making autonomy in healthcare by 16.7% as well as other measures of women's autonomy that matter for health such as financial autonomy by 6.3% and social mobility by 11.0%. The improvements in women's autonomy translated into reductions in the probability of wasting among children aged 0-23 months by 5.4% points, a 30.9% reduction from the mean. DV laws also reduced wasting among older children aged 24-59 months by 3.6% points, a 38.7% reduction from the mean. The laws were effective in all 6 countries analyzed individually that criminalized DV. A civil prohibition in the seventh country was not found to be effective. The effect was positive and significant for all wealth and geographical categories. Our findings demonstrate the value of enacting criminal laws that prohibit domestic violence as one important tool to reducing the profound health impacts of IPV, a critical health and human rights issue.

Ochrona interesów małoletniego w prawie medycznym

The purpose of this article is to discuss issues related to the protection of the interests of a minor in the procedure of medical law. Using a dogmatic-legal research method, the case law of the Supreme Court, the provisions of the Family and Guardianship Code and the provisions of the Act of November 6, 2008, on Patients’ Rights and the Ombudsman for Patients’ Rights, were analysed. According to the jurisprudential line, “one of the manifestations of an individual’s autonomy and freedom of choice is the right to decide for oneself, including the choice of treatment method. A reflection of this right is the institution of consent to the performance of a medical procedure, which is one of the prerequisites for the legality of therapeutic activities”. A person’s health and life are personal goods under the special protection of civil law. Equally protected is the personal good of autonomy of decision-making, which is the basis for the “disposal” of one’s own body and, consequently, health and life. The situation of minor patients, who are deprived of the right to decide on the health services provided to them, as well as minors, who have no influence on the decision on the choice of treatment, should also be considered. How are their interests protected? What if the minor and his parents have different opinions about the treatment, or if they do not consent to his treatment at all? How far can the legislature interfere in the exercise of parental authority and how is the minor patient protected? Can the guardianship court make decisions concerning life or health? The issues raised are extremely interesting not only legally, but also ethically and socially, for as a rule it is the parent who decides what is good for their child. It happens, however, that his decisions may contradict both the protected good and the principles of social coexistence themselves harm the interests of the minor.

Armed conflict, insecurity, and attitudes toward women's and girls' reproductive autonomy in Nigeria

BackgroundArmed conflict and insecurity have been linked to deteriorations in reproductive health and rights globally. In Nigeria, armed violence has taken a significant toll on women's and girls' health and safety. However, knowledge is limited about how conflict shapes attitudes surrounding their ability to make autonomous decisions on relationships and childbearing. Drawing on a socioecological framework and terror management theory, we aimed to investigate the association between conflict, insecurity, and attitudes toward women's and girls' reproductive autonomy in Nigeria. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using data from two sources: the World Values Survey (WVS) and the Uppsala Conflict Data Program-Georeferenced Event Dataset (UCDP-GED). Nationally representative data on attitudes of 559 men and 534 women was collected by WVS in 2017–2018. Linear probability models estimated the association between attitudes toward five dimensions of women and girl's reproductive autonomy (contraception, safe abortion, marital decision-making, delayed childbearing, early marriage), respondents' perceptions of neighborhood insecurity using WVS data, and geospatial measures of conflict exposure drawn from UCDP-GED. ResultsExposure to armed conflict and perceived neighborhood insecurity were associated with more supportive attitudes toward access to safe abortion among both men and women. Among women, conflict exposure was associated with higher support for contraception and the perception that early marriage can provide girls with security. Conflict-affected men were more likely to support a delay in girls’ childbearing. ConclusionOur findings suggest that conflict and insecurity pose a threat to, but also facilitate opportunities for, women's and girls' reproductive autonomy. Contraception, abortion, early marriage, and postponement or childbearing may be perceived as risk-aversion strategies in response to mortality threats, livelihood losses, and conflict-driven sexual violence. Our findings foreshadow changes in fertility and relationship patterns in conflict-affected Nigeria and highlight the need for health programming to ensure access to contraception and safe abortion services.

Robotics in Manufacturing: A Review of Advances in Automation and Workforce Implications

The integration of robotics in manufacturing processes has undergone significant advancements, reshaping the landscape of industrial production and introducing transformative changes. This review explores the latest developments in robotics within the manufacturing sector, shedding light on the technological breakthroughs and their implications on the workforce. The recent surge in robotics adoption in manufacturing has been driven by the pursuit of increased efficiency, precision, and cost-effectiveness. From traditional robotic arms to cutting-edge collaborative robots (cobots) that work alongside human operators, the manufacturing industry has witnessed a paradigm shift. Advanced robotic systems equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms enable adaptive and autonomous decision-making, further enhancing their capabilities. Automation in manufacturing, fueled by robotics, has yielded numerous benefits such as improved product quality, reduced production cycle times, and increased overall productivity. The review delves into case studies and real-world applications where robotics have proven instrumental in optimizing manufacturing processes across diverse industries. However, as the manufacturing landscape evolves, the implications for the workforce cannot be overlooked. The integration of robotics poses challenges and opportunities for human workers. While automation has the potential to eliminate routine and hazardous tasks, it also necessitates upskilling and reskilling of the workforce to operate, program, and maintain robotic systems. The review examines the socio-economic impacts of increased automation, discussing potential shifts in employment patterns and the need for a strategic approach to workforce development. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the advances in robotics within manufacturing and their profound implications on the workforce. Striking a balance between automation and human collaboration is crucial for the future of manufacturing, emphasizing the importance of proactive strategies to harness the benefits of robotics while ensuring a resilient and adaptable workforce.

Motion sensitive network for action recognition in control and decision-making of autonomous systems.

Spatial-temporal modeling is crucial for action recognition in videos within the field of artificial intelligence. However, robustly extracting motion information remains a primary challenge due to temporal deformations of appearances and variations in motion frequencies between different actions. In order to address these issues, we propose an innovative and effective method called the Motion Sensitive Network (MSN), incorporating the theories of artificial neural networks and key concepts of autonomous system control and decision-making. Specifically, we employ an approach known as Spatial-Temporal Pyramid Motion Extraction (STP-ME) module, adjusting convolution kernel sizes and time intervals synchronously to gather motion information at different temporal scales, aligning with the learning and prediction characteristics of artificial neural networks. Additionally, we introduce a new module called Variable Scale Motion Excitation (DS-ME), utilizing a differential model to capture motion information in resonance with the flexibility of autonomous system control. Particularly, we employ a multi-scale deformable convolutional network to alter the motion scale of the target object before computing temporal differences across consecutive frames, providing theoretical support for the flexibility of autonomous systems. Temporal modeling is a crucial step in understanding environmental changes and actions within autonomous systems, and MSN, by integrating the advantages of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in this task, provides an effective framework for the future utilization of artificial neural networks in autonomous systems. We evaluate our proposed method on three challenging action recognition datasets (Kinetics-400, Something-Something V1, and Something-Something V2). The results indicate an improvement in accuracy ranging from 1.1% to 2.2% on the test set. When compared with state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods, the proposed approach achieves a maximum performance of 89.90%. In ablation experiments, the performance gain of this module also shows an increase ranging from 2% to 5.3%. The introduced Motion Sensitive Network (MSN) demonstrates significant potential in various challenging scenarios, providing an initial exploration into integrating artificial neural networks into the domain of autonomous systems.

Edge AI for Internet of Medical Things: A literature review

The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of heterogeneous devices such as wearables and monitoring devices that collect data to provide autonomous decision-making and smart applications. IoT technologies, such as the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), have become gradually popular for medical purposes, combining IoT and medical devices to achieve good health and well-being. However, IoMT devices are often tight and have resource constraints, which leads to limited local data processing in the device. Edge computing provides access to additional computation and storage resources for IoMT devices, bringing intelligent processing closer to the data sources. This technology opens up great possibilities for IoMT applications, especially when combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI). Edge AI runs AI computations close to the IoT devices and users instead of centralized services such as cloud servers. This paper investigates the potential of Edge AI and IoMT. In this sense, this survey is the first work to further detail Edge AI and Machine Learning Operations in IoMT domains and wearable technology, thus contributing to the literature by comprehensively exploring the potential of ML strategies and operations at the network’s edge and intelligence distribution. This study also presents a case study on heart anomaly detection.

Optimization of high-speed fixed-wing UAV penetration strategy based on deep reinforcement learning

The penetration decision of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is one of the key components for UAVs to detect or strike crucial targets in adversarial environments. Presently, most methods lack research on penetration decisions under unknown interception information. The executing UAV for decision-making is generally a simplified three-degree-of-freedom model. The decision format is often simplified to path point optimization, lacking control over the stability of complex model attitudes and exhibiting relatively poor robustness. This paper proposes a penetration relative motion theory and aircraft control method based on the six-degrees-of-freedom UAV model to reduce response errors between algorithm control decisions and actual flight control. Using a Markov decision process, a UAV penetration decision control method based on an attitude-overload control loop is designed. This method combines reinforcement learning techniques to enable autonomous penetration decision-making and control for UAVs facing active defense scenarios, enhancing the autonomy, accuracy, and generalization of UAV online decision-making. The paper concludes by implementing autonomous decision-making and control for UAV penetration through the integration of interceptor trajectory prediction with proximal policy optimization. This method reduces the dependency of penetration strategies on interceptor information, ensuring both the generalization ability of penetration strategy models under uncertain information and the consistency of decision stability. Through simulations and experiments, we verified that the penetration strategy based on the pre-sampling PPO method improves the penetration effect by 15.44 % on average and the hit rate by 18.48 %. Moreover, the probability of penetration in different scenarios exceeds 70 %, and the penetration effect is improved by more than 10 % in the case of multiple interceptors. This paper also analyzes the impact of interceptor spatial distribution and the quantity of interceptors on the effectiveness of UAV penetration decision-making.

Decision-making Freedom in Delegation of Authority among Managers: A Case of the Office National Assembly Tanzania

This study investigated the influence of a manager's level of decision-making freedom on the effective transfer of authority within the framework of an organization. The study utilized mixed methods encompassing qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, including survey data collected from a varied sample of managers from Tanzania National House of Assembly. The study indicated a robust and favorable association between the level of autonomy granted to managers in decision-making processes and their proficiency in effectively assigning authority to subordinates. Similarly, several types of organizational culture have the potential to either enhance or diminish an association and there exists a strong relationship between the extent of decision-making autonomy granted to managers and their proficiency in delegating authority

Adolescent Preferences for a Pediatric Primary Care-based Sexually Transmitted Infection and HIV Prevention Intervention

PurposeWe sought to elicit perspectives on HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention among adolescents with recent STIs in primary care to optimize acceptability and effectiveness in designing a novel HIV/STI prevention intervention. MethodsWe enrolled 13-19 year-olds with recent gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomonas, and/or syphilis in a multimethods cross-sectional study at two primary care clinics. Participants completed surveys and interviews. We used an integrated analytic approach deductively coding data using the Integrated Behavioral Model, then inductively coding to identify themes not represented in the Integrated Behavioral Model. ResultsParticipants (n = 35) were 85% cisgender female, 14% cisgender male, 1% transgender female; 25% identified as lesbian, bisexual, or queer. Most (97%) identified as non-Latinx Black. None used condoms consistently, 26% were aware of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and 31% were never HIV tested. Five key themes emerged. 1) Mental health was central to HIV prevention behavior uptake and coping with STI diagnosis. 2) Youth desired prevention counseling that allowed decisional autonomy and individualized goal setting. 3) Negative social norms around condoms and absent norms around HIV testing and PrEP limited method uptake. 4) Both confidence and concrete skills were needed to initiate prevention methods. 5) Youth desired education at the time of STI diagnosis to improve subsequent prevention decision making. DiscussionKey intervention design considerations included 1) integrating mental health assessment and referral to services, 2) promoting individualized goal setting, 4) building communication skills, 4) providing navigation and material support for PrEP uptake and HIV testing, and 5) augmenting comprehensive STI and HIV prevention education.

Design principles for artificial intelligence-augmented decision making: An action design research study

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have proliferated, garnering significant interest among information systems (IS) scholars. AI-powered analytics, promising effective and low-cost decision augmentation, has become a ubiquitous aspect of contemporary organisations. Unlike traditional decision support systems (DSS) designed to support decisionmakers with fixed decision rules and models that often generate stable outcomes and rely on human agentic primacy, AI systems learn, adapt, and act autonomously, demanding recognition of IS agency within AI-augmented decision making (AIADM) systems. Given this fundamental shift in DSS; its influence on autonomy, responsibility, and accountability in decision making within organisations; the increasing regulatory and ethical concerns about AI use; and the corresponding risks of stochastic outputs, the extrapolation of prescriptive design knowledge from conventional DSS to AIADM is problematic. Hence, novel design principles incorporating contextual idiosyncrasies and practice-based domain knowledge are needed to overcome unprecedented challenges when adopting AIADM. To this end, we conduct an action design research (ADR) study within an e-commerce company specialising in producing and selling clothing. We develop an AIADM system to support marketing, consumer engagement, and product design decisions. Our work contributes to theory and practice with a set of actionable design principles to guide AIADM system design and deployment.

Best practice guidelines for evaluating patients in custody in the emergency department.

Patients in custody due to arrest or incarceration are a vulnerable population that present a unique ethical and logistical challenge for emergency physicians (EPs). People incarcerated in the United States have a constitutional right to health care. When caring for these patients, EPs must balance their ethical obligations to the patient with security and safety concerns. They should refer to their institutional policy for guidance and their local, state, and federal laws, when applicable. Hospital legal counsel and risk management also can be helpful resources. EPs should communicate early and openly with law enforcement personnel to ensure security and emergency department staff safety is maintained while meeting the patient's medical needs. Physicians should consider the least restrictive restraints necessary to ensure security while allowing for medical evaluation and treatment. They should also protect patient privacy as much as possible within departmental constraints, promote the patient's autonomous medical decision-making, and be mindful of ways that medical information could interact with the legal system.

REVIEWING THE TRANSFORMATIONAL IMPACT OF EDGE COMPUTING ON REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYTICS

Edge computing has emerged as a pivotal paradigm shift in the realm of data processing and analytics, revolutionizing the way organizations handle real-time data. This review presents a comprehensive review of the transformational impact of edge computing on real-time data processing and analytics. Firstly, the review delves into the fundamental concepts of edge computing, elucidating its architectural framework and highlighting its distinct advantages over traditional cloud-centric approaches. By distributing computational resources closer to data sources, edge computing mitigates latency issues and enhances responsiveness, thereby enabling real-time data processing at the edge. Furthermore, this review explores how edge computing facilitates the seamless integration of analytics capabilities into edge devices, empowering organizations to derive actionable insights at the source of data generation. Leveraging advanced analytics algorithms, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, edge computing enables autonomous decision-making and predictive analytics in real time, fostering innovation across diverse industry verticals. Moreover, the review examines the transformative implications of edge computing on various sectors, including healthcare, manufacturing, transportation, and smart cities. By enabling localized data processing and analytics, edge computing enhances operational efficiency, ensures data privacy and security, and unlocks new opportunities for business optimization and value creation. This review underscores the profound impact of edge computing on real-time data processing and analytics, revolutionizing the way organizations harness data to drive informed decision-making and gain competitive advantage in today's dynamic business landscape. As edge computing continues to evolve, its transformative potential is poised to redefine the future of data-driven innovation and digital transformation.
 Keywords: Edge, Computing, Analytics, Data, Impact, Review.