Misleading Research Articles

Deception of Heart Rate is Unable to Improve Functional Threshold Power in Cyclists

Introduction: Studies investigating the effects of deception on endurance performance have been somewhat inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of biofeedback deception of heart rate (HR) in an attempt to improve athletic performance. Methods: Thirteen individuals (10 men, mean±SD age 29.4±10.2 years) completed two 20-minute functional threshold power (FTP) cycling tests. In the control (CON) condition, their correct HR was displayed, while in the deception (DEC) condition an incorrect HR was displayed (correct HR – 10 bpm). Paired samples t-tests were used to compare cycling variables such as power output, speed and work between conditions. Actual HR was analyzed using 2 (condition) x 10 (time; every two minutes) repeated-measures ANOVAs. Results: Mean power output in the CON condition was 226.7±69.3 W and 222.6±65.4 W in the DEC condition (p>.05). The total amount of work performed was nearly identical between conditions (CON: 709.2± J, DEC: 709.3± J; p>.05). There were no differences in actual HR between conditions (all p>.05). Conclusions: Biofeedback deception of HR was unable to improve performance. Verbal encouragement may be a moderating variable that allows successful deception to occur. Possible future studies are presented that will allow further testing of this hypothesis.

Detecting lies in investigative interviews through the analysis of response latencies and error rates to unexpected questions

In this study, we propose an approach to detect deception during investigative interviews by integrating response latency and error analysis with the unexpected question technique. Sixty participants were assigned to an honest (n = 30) or deceptive group (n = 30). The deceptive group was instructed to memorize the false biographical details of a fictitious identity. Throughout the interviews, participants were presented with a randomized sequence of control, expected, and unexpected open-ended questions about identity. Responses were audio recorded for detailed examination. Our findings indicate that deceptive participants showed markedly longer latencies and higher error rates when answering expected (requiring deception) and unexpected questions (for which premeditated deception was not possible). Longer response latencies were also observed in participants attempting deception when answering control questions (which necessitated truthful answers). Moreover, a within-subject analysis highlighted that responding to unexpected questions significantly impaired individuals’ performance compared to answering control and expected questions. Leveraging machine-learning algorithms, our approach attained a classification accuracy of 98% in distinguishing deceptive and honest participants. Additionally, a classification analysis on single response levels was conducted. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of merging response latency metrics and error rates with unexpected questioning as a robust method for identity deception detection in investigative interviews. We also discuss significant implications for enhancing interview strategies.

Родоначальник философии техники в России Петр Климентьевич Энгельмейер: от забвения к признанию

The article briefly discusses the biography and scientific path of Peter Klimentievich Engelmeyer, the founder of the philosophy of technology. It tells about the history of the annual Engelmeyer readings at the Moscow state Technical University named after N.E. Bauman. А brief excursion on the philosophy of Engelmeyer’s technology is given: the concept of technology, the unity of Truth, Good, Beauty and Benefit in engineering.

Applied Linguistics Driven Deceptive Content Recognition using Single Valued Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Number with Natural Language Processing

Single valued neutrosophic number is a special case of single valued neutrosophic set and are of importance for neutrosophic multi-attribute decision making problem. A single valued neutrosophic number seems to define an ill-known quantity as a generalization of intuitionistic number. Applied linguistics in the context of Natural Language Processing (NLP) comprises the practical applications of linguistic approaches for addressing real time language processing issues. Social media become indispensable components in many people’s lives and have been growing rapidly. In the meantime, social networking media have become a widespread source of identity deception. Several social media identity deception cases have appeared presently. The research was performed to detect and prevent deception. Identifying deceptive content in natural language is significant to combat misrepresentation. Leveraging forward-thinking NLP methods, our model contextual cues analyze linguistic patterns, and semantic inconsistencies to flag possibly deceptive contents. By assimilating complex procedures for parameter optimization, feature extraction, and classification, the NLP focused on precisely recognizing deceptive content through different digital platforms, which contributes to the preservation of data integrity and the promotion of digital literacy. This study presents a Single Valued Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Number with Natural Language Processing for Deceptive Content Recognition (STVNNLP-DCR) technique on Social Media. The presented technique includes four important elements: preprocessing, GloVe word embedding, STVN classification, and Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO) for parameter tuning. The preprocessing stage includes tokenization and text normalization, preparing text information for succeeding analysis. Then, GloVe word embedding represents the word in a continuous vector space, which captures contextual relationships and semantic similarities. The STVN classifier deploys the embedding to discern deceptive patterns within the text, leveraging its capability to effectively manage high-dimensional and sparse datasets. Moreover, the CSO technique enhances the hyperparameter of the STVN classifier, improving its generalization capabilities and performance. Empirical analysis implemented on varied datasets validates the efficacy of the presented technique in precisely recognizing deceptive content. Comparative studies with advanced approaches demonstrate high efficiency. The presented technique shows robustness against different forms of deceptive content, such as clickbait, misinformation, and propaganda

Faith and reason in the unity of truth in the thought of st. Thomas Aquinas and John Paul II

Both St. Thomas Aquinas and St. John Paul II regarded man’s pursuit of truth as his vocation. He encouraged a bold trust in the use of reason in theology and a clear awareness of the limitations of reason. The fact that reason cannot prove faith does not render it powerless; on the contrary, Thomas provides evidence for unwavering confidence in the capacity of the believing reason. The call to seek faith and reason in unity with truth is not easy, as culture has seen deficiencies and errors regarding the truth about man, his faith, and the possibilities of knowledge that reach down to the very foundation. There is a continuous need to rediscover the meaning and purpose of human life and its values, through the belief in the possibility of truth attained through reason and through reasonable faith. Following in the footsteps of Thomas, John Paul II, in his encyclical Fides et Ratio, aims to inspire human love for the embrace of truth, which is not purely a theoretical goal but is essential for guiding one’s life. The purpose of this article is to highlight various difficulties and solutions in the search for coherence between faith and reason and briefly signal the necessity of prior knowledge and application of metaphysical and anthropological theology. To achieve this goal, the thoughts of Saint Thomas, whose work constitutes a fundamental part of the Church’s teaching, are presented, and for the reinforcement of Thomistic arguments, the content of Pope John Paul II’s contemporary encyclical Fides et Ratio is utilized, which points to the writings of Thomas as helpful in the maturation of human knowledge toward full human wisdom. Another important message of the article is a better understanding of the issues discussed, which, when reinterpreted and from the abundance of content, appropriately justified, can regain their lost power. The structure of the article facilitates the analysis of the presented issue in the context of understanding integral anthropology.

FORMS OF FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY IN SOCIETY

The forms of subject-object relations, being forms of freedom and responsibility in society, are phenomena of the manifestation of the essence of freedom in the unity of awareness and autonomy of choice, which manifests itself as the unity of truth and ideal, as well as the unity of freedom and equality, responsibility and justice. It is important to analyse the characteristics of the subject of choice as a carrier of forms of freedom. The analysis of the relationship between freedom and responsibility is carried out by studying the structure of the speculative synergetic model of the “freedom system” within the framework of such forms of freedom as play and study. The creative element in these forms of freedom is associated with its inherent moments of risk, luck or failure, which is one of the most important characteristics of free choice.

Conceptual Analysis of the Concepts of “Generality of Majaz”, “Umūm al-Majaz” and “Unity of Truth and Majaz” Formed around the Concept of Majaz

Şerʻî hükümlerin kaynağı Kitap ve Sünnetin dilinin Arapça olmasının doğal bir sonucu olarak, Arap diline dair mesâil de fakihler tarafından inceleme konusu yapılmıştır. Arap diline yaklaşımları daha çok istinbat özelinde olan usulcüler, lafızları dilbilimcilerden farklı bir şekilde taksimata tâbi tutmuşlardır. Hanefî usulünde lafzın bir manada istimali (kullanımı) açısından yapılan taksim de bu kabil tasniflerdendir. Bu itibarla lafızlar, hakikat ve mecaz, bunların her biri de sarih ve kinaye olmak üzere toplam dört kısımda ele alınmıştır. Lafzın mecazî anlamda kullanımı çerçevesinde “mecazın (fertlerine delaletinin) umûmu”, “umûmu’l-mecaz” ve “hakikat ile mecazın cemʻi” gibi birtakım alt kavramlar oluşmuştur. Bu çalışmada “mecazın (fertlerine delaletinin) umûmu”, “umûmu’lmecaz” anlayışı, “hakikat ile mecazın cemʻinin imkânı” ve bu kavramlar arasındaki ayrım noktaları Hanefîlerin yaklaşımı özelinde ele alınmaktadır. Bununla birlikte ehemmiyetine binaen Hanefîler ve Şâfiîler arasındaki ihtilaflara da değinilmektedir. Ancak ağırlıklı olarak Hanefî usul kaynaklarının temel alındığı belirtilmelidir. Ayrıca konuyla ilgili örnekler verilmek suretiyle kavramlar ve aralarındaki farkların netleştirilmesine gayret gösterilmiştir. Hanefî ve Şâfiî mezhebi arasında ihtilaflı konulardan olan mecaz bahsi, ulemanın üzerinde titizlikle durduğu önemli hususlardandır. Mecazın umûmu olduğu Hanefî mezhebinde genel kabul görürken, Şâfiî mezhebinde ise mecazın umûmu olmadığı fikri benimsenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca Hanefî mezhebinin usul eserlerindeki bu görüşün İmam Şâfiî’ye aidiyetindeki problemlere, Şâfiî fakihlerinin konu hakkındaki açıklamalarına ve ilgili nakillere metin içerisinde yer verilmiştir.

Using Citizen Voice to Evaluate Experiments on Politicians: A UK Survey Experiment

AbstractExperiments on the responsiveness of elected officials highlight the tension between the freedom to carry out research and the right of subjects to be treated with respect. Controversy emerges from the power of politicians to block or object to experimental designs using identity deception. One way to resolve this conundrum is to consult citizens who, as constituents of politicians, have an interest in promoting the accountability of elected representatives. Building on the work of Desposato and Naurin and Öhberg, this survey experiment presented research designs to UK citizens for their evaluation. The findings show that citizens strongly approve of experimental research on Members of Parliament (MPs) and are glad to see their representatives participate. There are no differences in support whether designs use identity deception, debriefing, confederates or pre-agreement from MPs. Linked to high interest in politics, more citizens are glad their MPs participate in studies using identity deception than those deploying confederates.

Integrasi Pendidikan Islam dan sains Perspektif Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi

The discourse on integration in Indonesia has long been echoed as stated in UUSPN Number 20 of 2003 article 30 which requires the implementation of religious education at all levels of education as a form of shared awareness to achieve a complete quality of life. In the implementation of education, it has two main missions, namely fostering intellectual power and fostering moral power. Synergizing science and Islam (Religion) is something that is very important, even a necessity, because ignoring religious values in the development of science and technology will give birth to tremendous negative impacts. normal. The negative impact of the tendency to ignore values (religious morality) can be seen empirically in corrupt behavior and other things that are done by humans on this earth by using the power of science and technology. This research is a library research (library research) where in this research the researcher uses descriptive analytical method. The descriptive method is used to describe Ismail Al Faruqi's views regarding the concept of Islamization taken from several of his related works. Meanwhile, the analytical method used by researchers is to analyze the extent to which the concept of Islamization is in an effort to integrate science and religion. The results of this discussion indicate that, (First: The Islamization of knowledge initiated by Al-faruqi is to Islamize modern science by means of rehabilitation, revolution, reconstruction (rearranging data) and adjustments to the parts that make it up. To apply the idea of the Islamization of knowledge, Al-Faruqi lays his epistemological foundation on the principle of monotheism which consists of five kinds of units, including: 1). Oneness (unity) of Allah SWT. 2). Unity of creation 3). The unity of truth and knowledge. 4). Unity life. 5). Human unity Second: Educational Integration at UIN Malang Perspective of Al-Faruqi UIN Malang as a pioneer in the establishment of ma'had or student dormitories Developed educational culture adapted to university culture. UIN Malang prefer the Imam Al-Ghazali approach which classifies knowledge into Fardlu 'ain and fardlu Kifayah with the "takwil" method taken from social sciences.

Neural processes underlying faking and concealing a personal identity: An electroencephalogram study

The detection of lies told about one's identity challenges traditional methods considering characteristics of the lie. This study explored the neural activities underlying identity deception by using electroencephalogram recordings to promote the development of a detection tool. The participants (N = 18) were required to tell a lie or the truth about true and false identity information with the differentiation of deception paradigm. The results showed deceptive (vs. honest) responses to true identity information were associated with a prolonged reaction time and enhanced upper alpha oscillations as well as the attenuated P300 and theta activities, which indicates identity concealment engaged portent honest response control and reduced processing of self-relevant information. By contrast, deceptive (vs. honest) responses to false identity information were associated with absent reaction time cost and decreased alpha activities, which suggests identity faking involved low cognitive conflict but required some degree of behavioral regulation.

К проблеме эстетического доказательства бытия Бога

The subject of the study is the aesthetic proof of the existence of God, in the unity of its epistemological and ontological aspects, through the correlation of arguments “for” and “against”. The relevance of the research is due to the importance in the postmodern era of upholding traditional religious values. The research is based on the Christian ideas that are most adequate for the national culture. The conceptual basis was the philosophy of unity, which allowed us to consider beauty as the unity of truth, goodness and love. The purpose of the study is to conduct a detailed analysis of the logic and argumentation of aesthetic proof. Tasks: to formulate the definition of beauty, to substantiate the validity of the definition of God as beauty; to analyze the argumentation of aesthetic evidence on the example of natural evolution and history. It is proved that genuine (divine) beauty is the unity of truth, goodness and beauty; the image of a more perfect beauty than the beauty of the surrounding world is contained in a person; evolution is directed to the actualization of an ever more perfect beauty; the intention to perfect beauty (which has no biological expediency) only God could have invested in man; the evolution of the world and man proceeds from potential to actual divine beauty. Man's need for perfect beauty can only be satisfied by an all-perfect God.

The Salamanca Process as an Embodiment of Dominican Charism Today

In his letter to the Master of the Dominican Order on the occasion of the 800th Dies Natalis of Saint Dominic, Pope Francis praised the School of Salamanca as being “perhaps the finest expression” of the “unity of truth and charity” that he adverted to as the founding inspiration and formative charism of the Order. This article investigates the experience of the School of Salamanca, how its core dynamic termed as the “Salamanca Process” embodies the charism of the Dominican Order, and the ongoing attempt to recover it as a model for the life and mission of Dominicans today as expressed in official documents of the Order, especially in recent General Chapters.

Advocacy for Religious Plurality in Vivekananda’s Speech

This research examines Swami Vivekananda’s speech delivered in the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893 AD. It has been evaluated in the light of Mortimer Jerome Alders’s Truth in Religion: Plurality of Religion and Unity of Truth. While evaluating Vivekanand’s advocacy for plurality of religions for the global peace and order, the researchers concerns on his resistance to religious fanaticism and orthodoxy. For the study of his resistance to the exploitation and extermination adopted by the westerners in the shield of religion calling it “Civilizing Mission”, the researcher takes his essay The East and the West as the major reference. The study argues that Vivekananda’s appeal for the celebration of religious plurality counters the bigotry and fanaticism in the name of religion. It is assumed that this article has a deep substance to understand Vivekanada’s advocacy for plurality of religions, emphasizing on the tenets of pluralism in Hinduism and historical repercussions of religious hegemony.

“CATFISHING” : EXPOSING TEEN RECEPTION ON MTV CATFISH ONLINE DATING

Advanced technology has made meeting new people less conventional than it used to be. The Internet has taken romance into a whole different world and created a whole different threat with the idea of online dating. Internet users are faced with many threats every day, but online dating has caused a threat with a form of online identity deception called catfishing. Catfishing itself is the theme of an MTV reality show named Catfish: The TV Show. This study aims to find out about the reaction of adolescent online daters on catfishing on the program. This descriptive qualitative study uses Stuart Hall's Reception Analysis method and its three hypothetical positions, such as Dominant-Hegemonic position, Negotiated position, and Oppositional position. Results show different readings on each of the six pieces of information given in the chosen episode. Four pieces of information such as when the client first reached out to Catfish: The TV Show team, the team investigated the catfish, the team to arrange a meeting with the catfish, and the meeting with the catfish are dominated by the Dominant-Hegemonic Position. Meanwhile, the rest of the two pieces of information are dominated by the Negotiated position and the Oppositional position.However, the complete study result is dominated by the Oppositional position.

Trust-Aware Routing Mechanism through an Edge Node for IoT-Enabled Sensor Networks.

Although IoT technology is advanced, wireless systems are prone to faults and attacks. The replaying information about routing in the case of multi-hop routing has led to the problem of identity deception among nodes. The devastating attacks against the routing protocols as well as harsh network conditions make the situation even worse. Although most of the research in the literature aim at making the IoT system more trustworthy and ensuring faultlessness, it is still a challenging task. Motivated by this, the present proposal introduces a trust-aware routing mechanism (TARM), which uses an edge node with mobility feature that can collect data from faultless nodes. The edge node works based on a trust evaluation method, which segregates the faulty and anomalous nodes from normal nodes. In TARM, a modified gray wolf optimization (GWO) is used for forming the clusters out of the deployed sensor nodes. Once the clusters are formed, each cluster’s trust values are calculated, and the edge node starts collecting data only from trustworthy nodes via the respective cluster heads. The artificial bee colony optimization algorithm executes the optimal routing path from the trustworthy nodes to the mobile edge node. The simulations show that the proposed method exhibits around a 58% hike in trustworthiness, ensuring the high security offered by the proposed trust evaluation scheme when validated with other similar approaches. It also shows a detection rate of 96.7% in detecting untrustworthy nodes. Additionally, the accuracy of the proposed method reaches 91.96%, which is recorded to be the highest among the similar latest schemes. The performance of the proposed approach has proved that it has overcome many weaknesses of previous similar techniques with low cost and mitigated complexity.

The effect of deepfake video advertisements on the hotel booking intention of tourists

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of deepfake video advertisements on hotel booking intention by applying the media richness theory (MRT) and information manipulation theory (IMT).Design/methodology/approachA quantitative survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to understand the effect of deepfake hotel video advertisements on booking intention. A large cross-section of 1,240 tourists was surveyed and data were analyzed with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe outcome of this research provides the factors affecting the booking intention due to deepfake hotel video advertisements. These factors are media richness (MR), information manipulation (IM) tactics, perceived value (PV) and perceived trust (PT). Cognitive load and perceived deception (DC) negatively influence the hotel booking intention.Practical implicationsThe distinctive model that emerged is insightful for senior executives and managers in the hospitality sector to understand the influence of deepfake video advertisements. This research provides the factors of hotel booking intention due to deepfake video advertisements, which are helpful for designers, developers, marketing managers and other stakeholders in the hotel industry.Originality/valueMR and IMT are integrated with variables such as PT and PV to explore the tourists' hotel booking intention after watching deepfake video advertisements. It is the first step toward deepfake video advertisements and hotel booking intentions for tourists. It provides an empirically tested and validated robust theoretical model to understand the effect of deepfake video advertisements on hotel booking intention.

Deceptive and non-deceptive placebos to reduce sadness: A five-armed experimental study

• Objective: Examining the effects of deceptive and non-deceptive placebos in sadness. • N=147 participants underwent a 2 × 2 + 1 design (factors: placebo, rationale style; CG). • Deceptive but not open-label placebos reduced sadness. • Personalized and scientific rationale styles evoked deceptive placebo effects. Placebo effects play an important role in psychopharmacological treatment of depression. Among the most potent mechanisms are positive treatment expectations. However, there is large heterogeneity in how they are induced. We studied the protective effects against sadness of deceptive (DP) and open-label placebos (OLP) combined with one of two new rationale styles. Healthy participants (N = 147) were randomly assigned to one of five groups. In this ”2x2+1” design, two factors were varied: The rationale style (personal-emotional style vs. scientific-matter-of-fact style) and the type of placebo (DP vs. OLP). The placebo was introduced as a protection from sadness. In addition, there was a no-treatment control group (CG). Participants viewed a sad movie scene after placebo application. The primary outcome was pre-post change in sadness, a major component of depression. Participants in the DP groups showed a significant protective effect against sadness, whereas sadness increased in both the OLP groups and the CG. There were no differences between the rationale styles. Short-term induced sadness has limited external validity in a heterogeneous long-term mental disorder like depression. In line with other OLP studies, no OLP effect could be observed in this healthy sample. In contrast, DP significantly reduced sadness. While placebo effects contribute substantially to antidepressant treatment, the potential of OLP in the treatment of depression appears to be limited in non-clinical samples. In addition, our results suggest that different ways to induce treatment expectations are possible.

Онтологические основания музыкального творчества

In the system of classical arts, music has always been perceived as a human actional breakthrough to understanding the Universe. The musical language, considered as a cultural universal, is the basis of intuitive cognition, a felt view of the axiological unity of Truth, Goodness and Beauty. The article offers an analysis of the formation of the main philosophical theories of the ontological nature of musical creativity in their historical continuity. In the history of ideas, the phenomenon of musical creativity has been perceived as a special kind of revelation. This reveals the obvious importance of the aesthetic approach in understanding the transcendental world; the objectified connection of man with ontological processes. Modern theories of universal evolutionism represent the development of the Universe as a single system based on the unity of its laws. It is in our time that comprehension of the essence of musical creativity opens a fundamentally new page in the philosophical understanding of the centuries-old history of music. The key point is the idea of the Μελῳδός aspiration to the Λόγος, the tendency to move from particular theoretical constructions and critical assessments to considering the phenomenological foundations of music, fundamentally presented, in particular, in the works of A. Losev and T. Adorno. In the XX century, there was an obvious surge in the formulation of generalizing musicological concepts, and it was in the XX century that the philosophy of music received qualitatively new worldview foundations for its comprehensive interpretation. In this respect, the study of the epistemological nature of musical creativity has reached, it would seem, its peak. However, comprehension of the investigated theories allows us to draw conclusions only about the possible approximation of a true understanding of the essence of musical creativity as a special cognitive practice. This turns out to be possible on the methodological basis of cumulative generalization, taking into account the religious, aesthetic, cultural, psychological, educational and other approaches in comprehending the value of the “world of sound”.

Menimbang Gagasan Islamisasi Ilmu-ilmu Sosial; Studi Kritis atas Pemikiran Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi

The idea of Islamization of knowledge in essence emerged as a response to the dichotomy between religious science and science that the secular West and modern culture introduced into the Islamic world. The progress achieved by modern science has had an amazing effect, but on the other hand it has also had a negative impact, because modern (Western) science has dry values or is separated from religious values. In addition, the Islamization of Science is also a reaction to the crisis in the education system faced by Muslims, namely the dualism of the Islamic education system and modern (secular) education which confuses Muslims. According to Al-Faruqi, Islamization is an effort to understand and rebuild social and natural sciences in which there are Islamic elements, so that they change to be in line with Islamic orientation. And every scientific discipline must cultivate Islamic principles whose methodology is imbued with the spirit of monotheism, which includes: the principle of the oneness of God, the unity of the universe, the unity of truth and knowledge, the unity of life, and the unity of mankind

Menimbang Gagasan Islamisasi Ilmu-ilmu Sosial; Studi Kritis atas Pemikiran Ismail Raji Al-Faruqi


 The idea of Islamization of knowledge in essence emerged as a response to the dichotomy between religious science and science that the secular West and modern culture introduced into the Islamic world. The progress achieved by modern science has had an amazing effect, but on the other hand it has also had a negative impact, because modern (Western) science has dry values or is separated from religious values. In addition, the Islamization of Science is also a reaction to the crisis in the education system faced by Muslims, namely the dualism of the Islamic education system and modern (secular) education which confuses Muslims. According to Al-Faruqi, Islamization is an effort to understand and rebuild social and natural sciences in which there are Islamic elements, so that they change to be in line with Islamic orientation. And every scientific discipline must cultivate Islamic principles whose methodology is imbued with the spirit of monotheism, which includes: the principle of the oneness of God, the unity of the universe, the unity of truth and knowledge, the unity of life, and the unity of mankind