Decentralization Of Power In Ukraine Research Articles

FINANCIAL EQUALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF DECENTRALIZATION REFORM OF POWER: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

Introduction. With the conduction of the reform of decentralization of power in Ukraine in the model of financial equalization, the emphasis is placed on aligning budgets on incomes with the use of separate equalization tools by expenditures. The introduction of the new alignment system involves a number of problems. Purpose. Solving the problems of financial equalization in Ukraine in the conditions of modern reforms and finding the ways of its improvement. Results. The investigation of features and instruments of financial equalization in the context of conducting modern reforms in Ukraine has made it possible to identify issues that do not contribute to the reduction of vertical and horizontal budget imbalances, but also increase them. The main problems of financial equalization of local budgets are allocated, namely: inconsistency of incomes with expenditure powers of local budgets; instability of local budget revenues over time due to frequent changes in tax and budget laws of the state; violation of the transparency of transfer of transfers; a lack of clear separation of expenditure powers between the levels of government and others. The modernization of the modern equalization system should be aimed at creating equal financial opportunities for the sustainable development of individual territories and the country as a whole, providing macroeconomic stability and economic growth, promoting the improvement of quality of public services and their compliance with the developed state standards. Conclusions. There are proposed the directions of perfection of the modern system of financial equalization in the part of changes in the procedure for enrollment of personal income tax to local budgets by the place of residence of the person, and not by the place of employment; changes in the approaches of calculating the index of tax capacity; a reasoning of the necessity of development and approval of new state service standards for the social sectors.

Аналіз проблем розвитку сільських територій в умовах реалізації реформи децентралізації влади в Україні

Аналіз проблем розвитку сільських територій в умовах реалізації реформи децентралізації влади в Україні

IMPROVEMENT OF TOURIST DESTINATION MANAGEMENT AT REGIONAL LEVEL UNDER CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER IN UKRAINE

It is substantiated that creation of regional tourist destination management organizations based on public-private partnership (in terms of combining funds and efforts) in the tourism industry can become an effective model of tourism management under conditions of decentralization of power in Ukraine. There are several key benefits for government authorities, civil society and business from combining their efforts and funds to develop the tourism industry. The conclusions are based on European and world experience, as well as recommendations of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) on the success factors of destination management/marketing organization (DMO – term that defines regional tourist destination management organizations in Western countries). The current state of work of destination management organizations in the world has been challenged by changing the course from marketing to management as their leading function, which requires increasing responsibility and rethinking their activities. The essence of the term “destination” is revealed according to UNWTO recommendations and this term is determined as the main one used when determining the tourist region. The basic success factors, components of an effective regional tourist destination management organization are revealed, such as: leadership, institutional determination, integration of public and private budgets, effective management and strategic vision that is related to sustainable development of tourist destination. The possible ways of financing and legal subordination of regional tourist destination management organizations according to legislation of Ukraine are considered and it is substantiated that these issues require deeper study and development of practical recommendations on implementation, as today there is no transparent system that would allow financing of non-state institution from state funds.

СУТНІСТЬ МЕХАНІЗМУ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОЦЕСОМ СТВОРЕННЯ СПРОМОЖНИХ ГРОМАД

The necessity of local self-government reforming was discussed in Ukraine more than 20 years, but attempts to implement have not been successful. Today decentralization of power and creation of capable territorial communities is not just desire to improve public administration, but a prerequisite for overcoming the political crisis that exists in Ukraine. The idea that today in Ukraine there is no single clear strategic line in the issue of creating capable territorial communities is actualized. In the conditions of reforming of public administration and decentralization in Ukraine, the problem of scientific and methodological support of implemented reforms becomes especially urgent. The appearance of new processes in public administration leads to the creation of new mechanisms that have not been fully researched by scientists. The article examines the essence of the of public administration of the process of creating capable communities on the basis of existing scientific approaches. In particular, the article deals with actual scientific approaches to the definition of terms and mechanism of public administration. In addition, the article includes an analysis of existing scientific classifications of public administration mechanisms. It is shown that the primary role among various mechanisms belongs to the legal as the most important tool for the creation of a legal framework and strategy of reforming local self-government in the country. The article focuses on the need to define the essence of a new concrete of public administration - the of public administration of the process of creating capable communities that has appeared as a result of the process of decentralization of power in Ukraine. The essence of the of public administration of the process of creating capable communities and its place in the system of public administration mechanisms are defined.

Projects management in the formation of a new model of education management of the combined territorial communities under the conditions of decentralization of power in Ukraine: definitions and aptness of implementation

The article reveals the relevance of the problem of education management under the conditions of decentralization of power in Ukraine,there we analyzed and compared the system of concepts on projects management, project cycle management, project portfolio management, cluster approach, and event management. The ways of implementation of the project cycle management technologies built on the basis of integrated and logical-structural approaches, in the management of the education of the united territorial community are proposed. The author's position is to apply the cluster approach in the system of management of education and methodical service and proposals for determining the role of public council in the local executive body of the united community.

STATE REGULATION AND SELF-REGULATION IN CONSTRUCTION

Іssues of self-regulation in the field of construction industry are considered. The necessity of ensuring and controlling the construction production, which is closely connected not only with economic but also social factors in terms of ensuring safe conditions for living or work, minimizing technical and technological risks, shaping a transparent system of pricing and investment in the construction industry has been updated. Feasibility of introducing a self-regulation system in Ukraine, which has a number of advantages over the existing hierarchical structure of state regulation in construction, are determined, as follows: exemption of state authorities from performing unusual for them functions, application of a liberal approach to openness in the construction market, ensuring high quality regulation and supervision, possibility of combining the efforts of government and society with the aim of achieving a brand new level of functioning of the construction industry. In Ukraine, there are significant prerequisites for the development of a self-regulating system of the construction industry caused by liberalization of the economy, the European vector of integration and processes of power decentralization. The international experience is analyzed, on the basis of what priority directions of cooperation with the leading international organizations providing technical supervision and rendering the advisory help are defined. The role of self-regulation of the technical component of construction in conditions of decentralization of power in Ukraine is defined as symbiosis of a mutually agreed system of cooperation of government-business-consumers, where the first set “rules of the game” by establishing an effective legal framework, the second ensure the quality of finished construction products, and the third — carry out “natural selection” of quality products, ensuring competitiveness of only socially responsible business.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AS AN ELEMENT OF DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER IN UKRAINE: THE THEORETICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECT AND PECULIARITIES OF THE INTRODUCTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN UKRAINE

The article details the relationship between public administration as an element of the decentralization of power in Ukraine and the peculiarities of the implementation of public administration in Ukraine. The peculiarities of our country that distinguish it from the European countries with experience of implementation of public administration and control are considered. The main technological tools that can be used to implement public administration in Ukraine are considered. The emphasis is on public administration as the main instrument for implementing the state decentralization strategy. It is substantiated that consideration of the regulatory framework for decentralization clearly indicates the need for the allocation of public administration as the main point of involving society in state governance at the level of territorial communities. Strategically, the state has taken all necessary steps to implement the relevant reforms. However, there is still unregulated uncertainty between strategic planning and practical implementation, as there is uncertainty at the level of both the state and territorial communities about the instruments for achieving the goals. The article focuses on public administration as the main instrument for implementing the state decentralization strategy. The main differences between our country and the European countries, which have already successfully implemented the possibilities of public administration and ways to overcome these differences, are considered. The last section of the article is devoted directly to modern technological capabilities that can be used for the effective implementation of public administration at the level of territorial communities. The main existing tools and ways of their use are considered. Separately, the most perspective directions of realization of public administration and conditions of their effective implementation with support of the state and local self-government bodies are considered.

ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЯ ВЛАДИ В УКРАЇНІ: ПРОБЛЕМА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ

ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗАЦІЯ ВЛАДИ В УКРАЇНІ: ПРОБЛЕМА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ

Local self-government potential in sustainable development of region providing

Ongoing decentralization of power in Ukraine enhances abilities of each region to independently choose their development path and use their own resources. It requires reviewing and updating of mechanisms and instruments of local government and public administration projected to increase the sustainability of development. This necessitates further research of issues of this extremely complex phenomenon. The problem of sustainable development of the regions and their internal capacities over the past decades has attracted the attention of many Ukrainian scientists. They considered the question of the essence and characteristics of this phenomenon, categorical apparatus, and formed approaches to the assessment of the state etc. Existing scientific researchers provided an opportunity for better understanding and deepening of the issues of processes of development formation, becoming the basis for further research. The purpose of the article is the definition of the potential of local governments in the sustainable development of the region, finding approaches for improving management and rational use of resources to enhance the regional development. Development of regions is the scope of display of results and public nature of local self-government. However, the results which are achieved by regional development and its level of sustainability do not meet the needs of society. The results of ongoing reforms, their economic, environmental and social significance do not correspond to spent resources and efforts of society. Strategies of regions for the transition to sustainable development are not systematic. To search for answers and ways to address the issues of the article attempts to identify common root causes in the organization of local government, the underlying increase its impact in the direction of creating conditions and ensure the flow of sustainable regional development through research and their potential influential factors. It is disclosed a substantive nature of the term “potential of local self-government”, which boils down to that: the potential of local self-government of regions to ensure their sustainable development is a combination of sources, resources and funds of local government, forms, incentives, institutional, meth odological, organizational and management instruments and mechanisms of influence, used in government, organic interaction which is able to create, maintain and increase the opportunities and impact on rational use, recharge potential of the region to ensure the sustainability of development. Creating conditions for rational use of the potential of the region are invited to do by performing these steps: definition of system components of regional space, specification of system resources elements, identification of types of local potential use in strategies and development plans, study key areas of development of regions, the choosing and using an innovative mechanisms and techniques of public management and administration, a system of monitoring the results of state and flow processes of the system of indicators and performance criteria, institutional arrangement of updating and organization of local government in view of the increasing role of local self-governments as the driving force, accumulating potential and faster development of the regions. Scientific understanding of the meaning of the term “potential of local government” in the projection of the development of the region in terms which allow increasing the powers of local authorities to increase attention and focus activities on the rational use of the potential of the region by introducing a new vision of the role of potential in shaping this process. Harmonization of regional capacity with selected regions pace of development, the introduction of a new order of management process of using a set of influential factors and innovative management techniques allow regions to implement and build local capacity, improve living standards.

Реформування соціально-гуманітарної сфери в процесі децентралізації влади в Україні

Проаналізовано основні проблеми та напрями реформування соціально-гумані-тарної сфери в процесі децентралізації влади в Україні. Визначено напрями і меха-нізми формування ефективного місцевого самоврядування й децентралізації владиз метою створення і підтримки повноцінного життєвого середовища для громадян,надання високоякісних та доступних публічних послуг в соціальній та гуманітарнійсфері, задоволення інтересів громадян в усіх сферах життєдіяльності на відповіднійтериторії. Встановлено необхідність формування законодавчої бази з питань діяль-ності органів місцевого самоврядування та органів виконавчої влади в соціально-гу-манітарній сфері на новій територіальній основі з визначенням їх повноважень та ре-сурсного забезпечення.

Фінансово-економічне забезпечення територій в умовах децентралізації

Досліджуються інструменти фінансово-економічного забезпечення муніципальних утворень у контексті децентралізації владних та фінансових повноважень. Пропонуються шляхи та механізми упровадження відповідних інструментів у економіку України. Визначається можливість органів місцевого самоврядування застосовувати фіскальну політику не тільки як напрям і джерело наповнення муніципального бюджету, але й як гнучкий та дієвий важіль вирішення проблеми стимулювання підвищення інноваційного зростання місцевої економіки. Розглядається запровадження обґрунтованої диференційованої шкали відсоткових ставок оподаткування. Актуальним є питання створення муніципальних резервних фондів і фондів розвитку. Уцьому контексті висвітлюється необхідність фундаментального зрушення парадигми – реконцептуалізації муніципальних структур у контексті управління місцевими фінансами та процесів децентралізації. Органи місцевого самоврядування повинні витрачати завжди обмежені кошти з максимальною корисністю, спираючись на всебічний аналіз чинників доцільності й ефективності різних видів видатків, вартості бюджетних програм і проектів.