Decentralization In Indonesia Research Articles

Fiscal Decentralization in Indonesia: Does It Curb the Quality of Environment?

Local authorities have played an enormous role in maintaining the sustainability of the environment through decentralization. While decentralization could improve the quality of the environment as an attribute of public good provision, it could also harm the environment by setting low environmental standards to boost environment-related business. In addition, the Environmental Quality Index (IKLH) from various provinces has shown fluctuations in the past ten years. With this ambiguous effect of decentralization, this study aims to disentangle the effect of decentralization on the quality of the environment in Indonesia. This study utilizes Indonesia’s provincial-level data in 33 provinces from 2010 to 2020. In order to solve the model's suffering endogeneity problem, the two-stage least square panel-instrumental variable method is performed. The main results demonstrate that fiscal decentralization and its square significantly affect environmental quality. Its square indicates a nonlinear U-shaped relationship, that in the low-level stage of decentralization tends to harm the environment until the turning point. In addition, this research also suggests the positive but weak effect of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfer (IFT) on environmental quality. Considering all the results, this research infers that decentralization curbs the quality of the environment in Indonesia and, to some extent, contributes to maintain environmental quality. Therefore, local authorities have a significant role in promoting green regulation to enhance environmental quality and this also reaffirms the importance of green indicators in local budgeting.

Recognition of the Specialties of the Kingdom of Yogyakarta and the Practice of Asymmetric Decentralization in Indonesia

Objective: Yogyakarta Palace is a kingdom that existed before Indonesia became independent. Generally, a country can adopt a monarchy as a system of government that applies nationally. However, uniqueness emerged in recognizing the privileges of the Kingdom of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, which still has the authority to regulate its territory but is also under the auspices of the Republic of Indonesia. In response to this phenomenon, this article was created to answer questions regarding (1) a comparison of monarchical systems in the world, (2) the Validity of the Yogyakarta Palace area as a Special Region in Indonesia, and (3) DIY Government Policy Strategy in maintaining and managing the unique features of Yogyakarta. From the results of this analysis, this study aims to provide alternative recommendations for recognizing the kingdom's authority based on practices that occur in Indonesia.
 
 Method: The study uses normative juridical research methods with a conceptual and statutory approach. The theory of asymmetric decentralization is the analytical tool used to see the chain of validity of the privileges of the Yogyakarta Palace.
 
 Result: The results of the analysis show that the authority of the King of the Yogyakarta Palace to lead the Yogyakarta Special Region Province is a form of asymmetric decentralization practice that is different from the implementation of other monarchical systems in the world.
 
 Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that a King's authority to regulate his territory does not have to be within the realm of a monarchical system of government. Recognition of the unique features of the Yogyakarta Palace in Indonesia has proven that a kingdom can exist within the territory of a Republic that practices an asymmetric decentralized system. For this reason, further research is needed that can examine unique regional management strategies to strengthen regional autonomy and fiscal independence.

The Challenges of Decentralization Fiscal Regulations: Experience from the Philippines

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>This research aims to understand, analyze, and detail the experience of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia and the Philippines. It explores the main challenges faced in implementing fiscal decentralization policies and valuable lessons that can guide other third countries planning to expand their local entities' fiscal authority. By comparing the experiences of the two, we can explore the similarities and differences in approaches and analyze their impact on economic development and local empowerment. The results show that decentralization in the Philippines is comprehensive and has one of Southeast Asia's most substantial legal bases. Moreover, each tier or each type of local government has a rather direct relation to the central government, especially in fiscal relationships, and is relatively independent compared to other countries in the region.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

Konsepsi Otonomi Daerah Dalam Pola Relasi Mandala Kedatuan Sriwijaya

The Srivijaya Kingdom, in its historical journey, showed a strong commitment to giving more independence to the regions under its control. This meant that these regions could manage their own local matters, taking into account their unique characteristics. This idea played a vital role in boosting the economy and stability of the entire kingdom, making the "kadātuan" system a crucial part of their successful government. The principles of decentralization in Indonesia, based on these historical ideas, have been incorporated into changing laws and regulations, forming a key part of how different areas in Indonesia govern themselves. This paper aims to explore how the concept of local government or decentralization worked in the Srivijaya Kingdom's history. We use a qualitative method that helps us understand complex ideas. By comparing modern decentralization ideas with how the Srivijaya Kingdom managed its decentralization using a "mandala" structure, we see important similarities and connections between the two. The results in this paper show a historical pattern where decentralization were set up and led by a datu. This allowed powers to be shared from the central government to these decentralization regions, which were closely supervised by the central government. This reveals how the idea of decentralization has deep roots in Indonesia's history and is a critical basis for how decentralization works in the country today.

A REVIEW OF DIY'S DECENTRALIZATION OF THE URBAN SPRAWL PHENOMENON IN THE YOGYAKARTA METROPOLITAN AREA (KARTAMANTUL)

Decentralization in Indonesia has led to a shift in responsibilities from the central government to the regions. This has been observed in the distribution of jobs and population across metropolitan areas, such as in the Yogyakarta Metropolitan Area (Kartamantul). Kartamantul is a secondary metropolitan area in Indonesia where local governments have taken the initiative to jointly form a Joint Secretariat. The development of Kartamantul has expanded into the peripheral areas, as evidenced by changes in land use. This article examines the impact of decentralization by the Government of the Special Region of Yogyakarta on the phenomenon of urban sprawl in the Kartamantul Region. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis, with secondary data collection from previous research on decentralization and urban sprawl in Yogyakarta. The results of the analysis identify the characteristics of urban sprawl in Kartamantul based on three aspects: land use change, population growth, and economic growth. By 2017, there had been changes in non-built-up land use in the peri-urban areas of Yogyakarta, accompanied by population growth and economic expansion. The Joint Secretariat of Kartamantul has come up with solutions to address the urban sprawl phenomenon, such as the addition of Trans-Jogja routes reaching Bantul and Sleman regencies, as well as collaborative management of the Piyungan Landfill and Sewon WWTP. The conclusion of this research is that cooperation among regional governments through the Joint Secretariat of Kartamantul is an effective grassroots initiative. However, there is a need for the Joint Secretariat to be involved in spatial planning due to the complex development challenges in Kartamantul.

Apprehending Land Value Through Tourism in Indonesia: Commodification of Rural Landscapes Through Geoparks

AbstractThis article will examine rent gap production and negotiations through the establishment of two UNESCO Geoparks for tourism in Indonesia. The commodification of different geological landscapes was analysed through processes of rural gentrification as ‘build‐to‐let’ homestays and villas emerged under the auspices of local‐regional governance brokering private sector interests under the aegis of post‐reformation Indonesian decentralization politics. The consequent rent‐gap brings about negotiated displacements that varies between actors, but form a crucial component in unravelling the process of rent‐gap creation. Based on 32 interviews with a range of stakeholders in Gunungsewu and Ciletuh UNESCO Geoparks, we show how finances and local‐regional governance power mesh in the production of these tourism destinations against state power. This production of tourism destinations signifies locally specific governance as the determining factors in rent gap production. This paper unmasks the powers at play opening rent gaps in commodifying landscape intertwining with national political regime.

Investigating freedom to learn program as form of education decentralization in Indonesia

Education is one of Indonesia's goals as stated in the fourth paragraph of the 1945 Constitution. However, the decentralization problem of education through transformational schools found various obstacles. This study aims to explore the problems of decentralization of education of the Freedom to Learn program through transformational schools spread throughout Indonesia. This study used the literature study method obtained from literature and books and with VOSViewer software which analysed 2.339 social articles discussing decentralization. The results of the research showed that decentralization implementation of education through transformational schools met obstacles such as inadequate facilities and many teachers are struggling to use technology, so the decentralization process is not maximal. The researchers suggest that the government should provide space for policy targets from lower levels spread throughout Indonesia so that the education decentralization process can run.

Effect of Fund Transfer, Revenue on Development Index as Moderation Variables

One of the instruments to measure the level of success of a country in carrying out development is the human development index calculation approach. In essence, development is a change towards better conditions so that as a result of development activities it will have implications for the emergence of a budget and ultimately money is needed to realize development activities. During the twenty-four years of implementing fiscal decentralization in Indonesia, the number of transfers to the regions has increased significantly. However, efforts to increase regional revenues are often neglected, so that the goal of fiscal decentralization towards self-sufficient regional government funding has not been achieved to date. This study examines quantitatively how the influence of money arising from development activities, namely Central Government Transfer Funds and Regional Original Revenues, can generate benefits or whether the realization of the budget spent by local governments, namely Capital Expenditures, can generate a certain value or benefit for the community, so that in this study can be described through the human development index instrument. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Directorate General of State Financial Balance. The research method used is panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM), where the data collected is cross-sectional data, namely 414 districts/cities in Indonesia for the period 2012 to 2020 which are time series data. The results obtained show that: (1) DTPP has a positive and significant effect on HDI; (2) PAD has a positive and significant effect on HDI; (3) Through capital expenditure mediation, DTPP has a negative and significant effect on HDI; and (4) Through the mediation of capital expenditure, PAD has a positive and significant effect on HDI..

Toward a Politics of Inclusion: Prospects and Problems of Civic Participation in Indonesia’s Government Decentralization

This article assesses the shortcomings and possibilities of deepening civic participation in Indonesia’s government decentralization. Applying an expositive-critical-reconstructive approach and using Habermas’s theory of law and democracy, this study addresses the main question: “What democratic principles must be adhered to by Indonesian citizens to achieve the purpose of government decentralization?” This article argues that government decentralization in Indonesia has brought democracy closer to the people; however, it did not necessarily result in the active participation of citizens in local government affairs and in crafting local regulations. This deficit requires the local governments to institutionalize the ideal lawmaking procedures and inherit democratic ethos. The local people must be educated and capacitated to maximize the benefits of government decentralization, while civil society groups step in to practice democratic principles in civic participation and lawmaking.

Analisis Desentralisasi Fiskal Pada Postur APBD Kota Batam, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau Tahun 2018

This study focuses on a simple analysis of the public financial posture in Batam City. Fiscal decentralization in Indonesia is carried out by granting broad regional expenditure discretion supported by transfer funding from the center and strengthening local taxing power. Fiscal decentralization is expected to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of governance and public services in the regions. This is due to the proximity of the levels of government providing services to the communities they serve so that local governments understand their local needs and priorities. Furthermore, improving the quality of governance will encourage better access to public services and ultimately boost the regional economy and improve people's welfare.

Fiscal Decentralization in Indonesia: Does Discretionary Policy on Tax Facilities Remain Urgent?

The Regional Governments in Indonesia provide tax facilities as regulated in each region’s Head of the Region Regulations as a form of implementing fiscal decentralization. This study examined 56 Head of the Region Regulations in Indonesia on land and building tax facilities. This legal research examined the concept of tax facilities as a reflection of fiscal decentralization. In addition, it reviewed the application of discretionary power and assessed differences in Head of the Region Regulations on regional tax facilities. The result of the research demonstrated differences in the material substances of the Head of the Region Regulations on tax facilities. Those differences reflected the discretionary power that came from the Regional Tax Law. This discretion must be maintained because Heads of the Region need flexibility in managing the potential of their regions as the embodiment of regional autonomy.
 Keywords: Discretionary Power, Fiscal Decentralization, Regional Government, Tax Facility

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPECIAL AUTONOMY BUDGET POLICY IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION IN WEST PAPUA PROVINCE

Policy autonomy special exists from decentralization in Indonesia. Enactment autonomy special for Papua is expected to bring change from side development, enhancement level life public original Papua or so-called OAP, and respect to native rights Papua (OAP) as well as overcome various problems the conflict that occurred. Autonomy special for Papua is regulated in Law Number 21 of 2001 to 2020 or for 20 years, Change second arranged in Law Number 2 of 2021. Education for Indigenous Papuans (OAP) is one regulated aspect of Constitution autonomy specifically Papua as well derivatives. Objective Study This is To know the implementation of autonomy fund policy particularly in the field of Education in West Papua Province, factor inhibitors and supports as well as efforts made to overcome problems that occur. The method research used is descriptive-qualitative. Data collection techniques are carried out with collect data secondary and primary. Whereas technique analysis of research data This uses Edward III's theory where there are four internal variables see implementation wisdom budget autonomy specifically in the field of Education of West Papua Province. Research results based on four internal variables of Edward III's theory ie communication, resources, disposition, and structure bureaucracy show implementation budget autonomy specifically in the field of West Papua Education yet walk with ok. Still, their factors inhibit the implementation of budget autonomy specifically in the field of Education, p This can see from areas that haven't touched development in the field of Education accordingly to the mandate of the autonomy law, especially Papuans.

Analisis Dinamika Hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah Dalam Penanggulangan Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia

The condition of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 or COVID-19 pandemic, which has been increasingly endemic in Indonesia since 2020, has resulted in a problem of authority between the Central Government and the Regional Government. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between the Central and Regional Governments in tackling the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach. Literature studies are used to analyze the relationship between the center and regions in handling the COVID-19 pandemic. This approach involves a conceptual process and generates identification in understanding the problem. The results of the study show that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected every dimension of life, including central and regional relations in the corridors of decentralization in Indonesia. The government's efforts to deal with the pandemic and its impact on the socio-economic community have led to initiatives from the regional government. On the other hand, this initiative raises problems in the governance of central and regional relations. The central government must strengthen coordination with regional governments to deal with COVID-19. On the other hand, regional governments also need to be given the freedom to innovate in handling COVID-19, which cannot be predicted when it will end, provided that they do not have to overstep the authority of the central government and violate existing laws and regulations. Thus, it is hoped that Indonesia can jointly overcome the COVID-19 outbreak well, both at the central and regional levels in a synergistic manner.

DETERMINAN PEMEKARAN WILAYAH DAN FRAGMENTASI PEMERINTAHAN DI INDONESIA

The phenomenon of making new autonomous local government is increasingly widespread in line with the policies of regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization in Indonesia. Many literatures show the local government proliferation in Indonesia is one of the fastest and largest in the world. This study aims to examine the determinants of local government proliferation and government fragmentation in Indonesia. Using panel data from 32 provinces in Indonesia for the period 2001-2013 with fixed effect model (FEM) analysis techniques. The study found that population density, per capita income level, and political aspects are factors that significantly affect territorial splits and government fragmentation in Indonesia. Meanwhile, fiscal capacity, ethnic diversity and income inequality have not been shown to significantly affect the level of fragmentation. The impetus for territorial splits is seen to increase in areas with low population density, high per capita GRDP levels, and high percentage of votes for political parties winning legislative elections. The level of Government Fragmentation in Indonesia is also higher after the implementation of the direct election system for local government head.

New Economic Geography Model Application to Indonesian Regencies and Cities 2016–2019

To encourage economic growth to reduce the gap between provinces, the Indonesian government has implemented a decentralization policy implemented since 2001. Decentralization in Indonesia has been carried out until 2019 and has changed the country’s economic order. Researchers suspect that the development of the policy will impact the gap in the level of welfare between regencies and provinces in Indonesia. Armstrong and Taylor (2000) argued that the gap in the level of welfare between provinces should get important attention because this phenomenon will cause dissatisfaction, disappointment, and even resistance from people living in poor areas. This study implements the NEG framework model in dealing with regional disparities in Indonesia at the regencies and city levels, consisting of 514 regions. By use of quantitative method, the analysis used panel data regression analysis. The data analyzed are GRP per capita as the dependent variable and the independent variables are Domestic Market Access, Foreign Market Access, Urbanization, and Human Capital in 2016–2019. The novelty of this work is the first attempt to discuss the NEG model using panel data from all regencies and cities in Indonesia from 2016–2019. The application of the New Economic Geography Model framework in responding to the GRP gap per capita at the regency and city levels in Indonesia shows that the role of Domestic Market Access, Foreign Market Access, and Urbanization has a substantive impact on the GRP per capita gap between regencies and cities in Indonesia. Keywords: new economic geography, disparities, regions, regencies, cities, Indonesia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55463/hkjss.issn.1021-3619.60.41

The Relationship of Village Funds With Village Economic Development: A Village Level Study in Indonesia

The Village Fund Program is a manifestation of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia, which is intended to support equitable development and increase community welfare. The village government has the authority to plan the use of the Village Fund and to spend it concerning regulations from the central government. The use of the Village Fund needs to be evaluated to determine whether the funds have been spent properly and to support the village's economic development. This study aims to identify Village Fund program activities that can affect village economic development and determine regional priorities in utilizing Village Funds for village development in the economic field. The analysis was conducted using a qualitative approach by mapping and tagging Village Fund expenditures. The mapping and tagging aim to ensure that Village Fund spending follows the mandate and to know the composition of the share of economic spending in each region. The results showed that: (1) the utilization of the Village Fund was following the applicable priority guidelines for the use of the Village Fund; (2) the share of economic spending in the eastern part of Indonesia is lower than in other regions, but the trend is constantly rising, while the share of economic spending in the islands of Java and Bali shows a higher number. Based on the research results, this study suggests that villages in disadvantaged areas prioritize Village Fund spending for infrastructure improvement and regional openness to increase village progress or independence.

Indonesia mixed contraception method skewness background 1997-2012: A mixed method study

Background: Indonesia's decentralization policy adopted in 1999 had implications for the programs of national ministries and agencies, including the family planning program. Since 1999, there has been a "relaxation in family planning program effort" since many districts have a low commitment to family planning. The trend of contraceptive mix in Indonesia leading to hormonal methods, especially injections, has occurred since 2007. This study aimed to describe the mixed conditions of contraception in Indonesia from 1997 to 2012 and explore the link between the availability of facilities and infrastructure with this plan. Methods: The quantitative research used was a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), and In-depth interviews were employed as the qualitative approach in this study. It was found based on the results of the quantitative analysis that the trend of contraceptive mix tilted to the injection method. Results: The qualitative study results indicate that the contraceptive mix is affected by infrastructure as the main factor. Conclusion: In conclusion, there is a close relationship between the decentralization policy and the condition of the contraceptive mix. Thus, it is recommended that the central and local governments re-prioritize family planning programs and assure the availability of supporting facilities and infrastructure.

Delegitimisation of Indonesian Traditional Leaders: An Analysis in Minangkabau, West Sumatra Province

It is argued that an excessive euphoria of autonomy was the primary consequence of the first five years of decentralisation in Indonesia after the New Order. The euphoria of autonomy led to the emergence of ethnic nationalism perpetuated by traditional powers that regulated the control and exploitation of natural resources. The New Order government tried to control local democratic practices by weakening traditional leaders' legitimacy. This article explains how this reality occurs in West Sumatra Province. First, based on village and regional government laws following the New Order, local democracy led to the delegitimisation of traditional power. Second, the systematic implementation of local democracy erased the traditional leadership authority that relegated the Minangkabau ethnic and traditional values. It was concluded that the government enacted the local government and village laws to regulate the traditional authority.

Overlapping Central Government Policy with Regional Governments: Study of Conflict Anchor Port Management in Kepulauan Riau Province 2017-2022

This study discusses the implementation of decentralization that triggers conflict. The case study is the conflict in the management of anchorage in the Riau Islands Province in 2017-2022. This conflict occurred between the Ministry of Transportation (central government) and the Riau Islands Provincial Government (local government). The findings of this study indicate that the conflict between the two parties occurred due to overlapping, mutual claims of authority to use marine space for the anchorage area. This conflict is further complicated by the different interpretations of nine government agencies on anchor management policies. This difference occurs vertically and horizontally. This study shows the strengthening of the dominance of the central government in the era of decentralization in Indonesia, this indicates a shift in the decentralization pendulum towards re-centralization.

Fiscal decentralization and corruption: a case of indonesia

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to explain the relationship between decentralization and corruption in Indonesia. In doing so, this paper employs Indonesian provincial-level data from 2003 to 2018 using a Poisson model with an endogenous covariates model. The estimation result concludes that decentralization is associated with higher corruption incidence. The result remains robust using an alternative measure of decentralization. Indonesian decentralization is designed to authorize a substantial decision to the local government in prioritizing expenditures, but the primary taxing right remains with the central government. The significant power of the local government is associated with a higher incidence of corruption in the local region. Bribery and over-invoicing of public goods/services are the main cases of local government corruption in Indonesia.