Decentralization Era Research Articles

Unmet Need for Family Planning in Spatial Analysis: A Systematic Review

Background: The unmet need for family planning is an indicator in monitoring and evaluating family planning programs in the decentralization era. Spatial analysis is an analytical tool that can understand the existence of family planning disparities among regions. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the application of spatial analysis in research related to the unmet need for family planning and to review its results. Methods: The databases used in the literature search are PubMed, Scopus, and SpringerLink. The keywords used in the search were: “unmet need for family planning” OR “unmet need for contraception” AND (spatial OR geographic). Full-text articles from 2013 to 2022 were included. Results: Of the 334 identified articles, 3 (three) articles were reviewed. The three studies used spatial analysis at the level of spatial data exploration by using global and local Moran Index tests, Getis-Ord Gi* local statistics, and natural break spatial techniques. Conclusion: The use of advanced spatial analysis such as GWR and other regression analyzes is needed to investigate factors associated with regionally specific unmet need for family planning so that policy makers can allocate resources effectively

Study of Living Law and its Implication in the Formation of the Criminal Code (KUHP) in the Era of Decentralization of Indonesian Laws

This study explores the implications of living law in the formation of Indonesia's Criminal Code during the era of legal decentralization. Living law, comprising unwritten customs and traditions, continues to play a vital role in many Indonesian communities, particularly in the context of criminal justice. The research employs a juridical analysis and case study approach, focusing on regions where adat law (customary law) significantly influences legal practices. The findings reveal both the benefits and challenges of integrating living law into the formal legal system. While living law enhances cultural relevance and community-based justice, it also introduces concerns about legal fragmentation and potential conflicts with national human rights standards. The study recommends selective incorporation of living law into the Criminal Code, along with efforts to codify regional customs to ensure consistency and legal certainty. This research contributes to the ongoing debate on legal pluralism in Indonesia, offering insights into the future of criminal law reform in a decentralized system.

The Role of Customary Law in the Development of National Law in the Modern Era

Customary law plays an important role in the development of national law in Indonesia, especially in the modern era marked by globalization and modernization. Customary law serves as a reflection of the rich and diverse local cultural values, and plays a role in various aspects of community life, including the resolution of rescue, management of natural resources, and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. In the era of decentralization and regional autonomy, customary law is increasingly recognized in local policies and becomes an important instrument in maintaining the unique legal identity of each region. Formal recognition of customary law is also reflected in various national regulations, such as the Law on Villages and the Basic Agrarian Law, which accommodate customary law in facing the challenges of modernization and globalization, customary law must adapt to the modern era

Neo-institutionalism perspective on local governance in Lombok: Reinstitutionalisation of Tuan Guru in the Indonesian decentralization era

This article delves into an examination and analysis of leadership models within local government institutions in Indonesia, employing the conceptual framework of new institutionalism. We contend that informal local institutions within communities not only influence the behavior and identity of leaders as actors but, within the context of decentralization, have also undergone a process of reinstitutionalization regarding roles and functions, employing distinct patterns of appropriation. Employing an interpretive approach, this article focuses on phenomena within the management of local governance in the West Nusa Tenggara province. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, literature studies on local history, and online news searches. Through a case study of local governance in West Nusa Tenggara province, particularly Lombok, the article reveals that the Tuan Guru, an informal local institution in Lombok society, has experienced reinstitutionalization through vertical and horizontal appropriation. The conclusion drawn is that decentralization has created opportunities for informal institutions to re-establish their roles within formal governance through appropriation patterns.

Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah dalam Konteks Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah (MBS) pada MAN 13 Jakarta

This study aims to explore and analyze the role of school leadership in the implementation of School-Based Management (SBM) at MAN 13 Jakarta. In the era of educational decentralization, SBM is a model applied to improve educational quality through increased participation and accountability at the school level. The research method used is a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that leadership at MAN 13 Jakarta plays a crucial role in mobilizing the participation of all stakeholders, including teachers, students, and parents, as well as in creating a conducive learning environment. Effective leadership at MAN 13 Jakarta is characterized by open communication, transparency in decision-making, and staff empowerment. Challenges faced include resistance to change and resource limitations, but these can be overcome through adaptive and collaborative leadership strategies.

The Failure of Minimum Service Standards Policy: An Analysis of State Capacity

This study aims to uncover the failure of the Minimum Service Standard policy using analysis in terms of state capacity. Minimum Service Standards (MSS) are an effort to overcome inequality in Indonesia’s decentralization era. Various policy changes have been made, however, service achievements are not always optimal, which causes disparities between regions to be indisputable. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type by interviewing 11 informants who are the main actors of MSS in several ministries related to the field of MSS. The results showed that failures in implementing governance spread from coaching actors, namely the government and actors directly involved, namely local governments, and the non-collaborative policy-making process proved to weaken state capacity, so that MSS implementation policies failed to overcome public service inequality in the era of decentralization. Keywords: policy failure, minimum service standard, state capacity

Governing the (Dis)Order: Toke and the Convergence of Artisanal Oil Mining and State Visibility in Sumur Baru

This article explores the question of why and how ‘illegal’ artisanal mining in the oil-rich region of Indonesia remains in place despite official bans by the central government. By taking a qualitative ethnographic study on the practice in Sumur Baru, Dusun Tue, a village in South Sumatra Province, our inquiry takes seriously the formation of resilient labor in daily encounters with state institutions. We employ a governmentality approach and show how quotidian interactions between state and community has legitimized practices of artisanal mining. Sites become relatively governable in conditions of continuous displacement through ongoing negotiations between intermediaries (Toke) with state agencies. This practice is made possible by the use of Sen Minyak or oil money that binds Toke as key representatives of the community with police and state apparatuses as disciplinary representatives of the governmental state. This study thus shows how an extractive regime emerges, shifts, and reshapes in the local political economic contexts of Indonesia’s decentralization era.

Water Conflict Prevention Model in Indonesia

This study aims to formulate a model of water conflict prevention involving various groups of interest actors that spread after the era of decentralization was implemented in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach with a narrative research strategy. Three cases of water conflicts that occurred in Batu (East Java), Klaten (Central Java), and Sleman (Yogyakarta) were used as the basis for formulating a water conflict prevention model. The data in this study were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, documentation, and literature research. Research informants consisted: each research location selected three informants who had been involved in water conflict cases, activists of Yogyakarta environmental forums, one of Walhi East Java, an activist of Yogyakarta Legal Aid Institute, Surabaya Legal Aid Institute. The literature search was used to collect data from books, articles, research reports, theses, dissertations, and online mass media reports. Data analysis uses cyclical models through data collection, condensation, display, verification, and conclusions. The results showed that the formulation of the model needed for water conflict prevention in Indonesia includes: the participation of affected communities in policy planning of regional heads, monitoring systems for licensing information that is transparent, credible, accountable, and easily accessible to the public, firm and consistent enforcement of laws and regulations, providing a balance of finding aspirations and water rights from all stakeholders, prioritizing the sustainability of water resources, without criminalization of environmental warriors.
 Keywords: model, prevention, water, conflict, decentralization

The Promise of Fiscal Decentralization on the Threat of Poverty Rates in Special Region

This study aims to determine the effect of the fiscal decentralization component on poverty, directly or indirectly, through pro-poor expenditures in Special Regions of Yogyakarta. The Privileges of the Special Region of Yogyakarta mentioned what distinguishes it from the other provinces so that it is called a special region is the privilege to establish a social order that guarantees diversity and the critical role of the Sultanate and Duchy of Pakualaman in preserving culture. However, poverty in the Special Region of Yogyakarta is spread in every district. On the other side, more than two decades of efforts to address poverty have been through fiscal decentralization. During the era of fiscal decentralization, there were problems from the revenue and expenditure sides. It is a question related to the successful implementation of fiscal decentralization. This study uses path analysis with secondary data. The result of this study is that the component of local revenue can play a role in poverty reduction directly through local-own source revenue. The indirectly effect shows that poverty alleviation can also be done through the role of local-own source revenue through pro-poor expenditure instruments.

The Influence Of Competence And Information Technology On Performance in Nurses in The Inpatient Installation Of Sekayu Hospital

Research that uses a case study qualitative method and the chosen research subject is the government can provide a deeper understanding of the importance of communication development through information and communication technology in the era of globalization, navigation and decentralization. Some of the findings resulting from this research are as follows: The Importance of Development Communication through ICT: Research shows that effective development communication by utilizing ICT media, especially through e-Government has a positive impact on improving good, fast and responsive public services. The use of this technology allows local governments to interact directly with the community, convey information about development programs, and facilitate active community participation in the development process. In addition, budget transparency and development programs are also important factors in building public trust in the government.

Utilization Of Illustated Booklet Educational Methods For Early Detection Of Risk Factors In Pregnancy

Research that uses a case study qualitative method and the chosen research subject is the government can provide a deeper understanding of the importance of communication development through information and communication technology in the era of globalization, navigation and decentralization. Some of the findings resulting from this research are as follows: The Importance of Development Communication through ICT: Research shows that effective development communication by utilizing ICT media, especially through e-Government has a positive impact on improving good, fast and responsive public services. The use of this technology allows local governments to interact directly with the community, convey information about development programs, and facilitate active community participation in the development process. In addition, budget transparency and development programs are also important factors in building public trust in the government.

ANALYSIS OF CONVERGENT SIGMA AND CONVERGENT BETA REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF REGENCY/CITY GOVERNMENT IN THE SPECIAL REGION OF YOGYAKARTA

The era of fiscal decentralization requires every region to be more optimal in managing their Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD). However, due to the differences in the characteristics of each region, fiscal decentralization encourages the existence of regional budget gaps. This analysis explored the convergence of district/city government revenues and expenditures in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2011-2019 based on the sigma and beta convergence models. This study uses a quantitative approach that describes data in numerals or percentages and econometric analysis in the form of panel data regression (data pool). Panel data combines data, cross-section, five regencies/cities in DIY, and data for time series 2011-2019. The data needed in this study is the Realization of Regional Revenue and Expenditure data, as well as data on the control variables, namely the population, economic growth, and inflation sourced from the Central Statistics Agency and the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance, Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. The calculation of sigma convergence uses the coefficient of variants, while the beta convergence calculation uses panel data regression analysis with a fixed-effect model approach. The results showed that Regency/City Revenues and Expenditures in DIY had not experienced sigma convergence because the average coefficient of variants of each revenue and expenditure was 3.51% and 3.29%; however, there was a tendency to experience convergence because the coefficient of variants has decreased from year to year. Conditional beta convergence, which includes control variables, shows a tendency for acceptance convergence with a convergence speed of 0.478%, and the length of time required to cover half the gap (half-life) is 16.83 years. Explanatory variables such as population and economic growth have accelerated revenue convergence. Meanwhile, the conditional beta also shows a tendency for spending convergence which takes 19.04 years with a convergence speed of 0.420%, where only the population variable is proven to accelerate the convergence of spending.
 Keywords: Convergence; Regional Revenue; Regional Expenditures.

POSITIVE &; NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Research that uses a case study qualitative method and the chosen research subject is the government can provide a deeper understanding of the importance of communication development through information and communication technology in the era of globalization, navigation and decentralization. Some of the findings resulting from this research are as follows: The Importance of Development Communication through ICT: Research shows that effective development communication by utilizing ICT media, especially through e-Government has a positive impact on improving good, fast and responsive public services. The use of this technology allows local governments to interact directly with the community, convey information about development programs, and facilitate active community participation in the development process. In addition, budget transparency and development programs are also important factors in building public trust in the government.

Internal Control Weakness and Corruption: Empirical Evidence from Indonesian Local Governments

Purpose: Corruption still becomes a serious problem in Indonesia in the decentralization era. This paper aims at providing a comprehensive empirical examination regarding the effect of internal control system weaknesses on corruption in Indonesian local governments (LGs). Theoretical framework: By drawing the concept from the fraud theories and agency theory, the study explores the internal control weaknesses as corruption determinants in LGs. Design/methodology/approach: We use secondary data from the related regulating bodies in Indonesia during 2010-2018 fiscal period from 508 LGs with total of 4530 observations, analyzed with panel data regression. Findings: Our findings suggest that the corruption in Indonesian LGs has not experienced significant decrease during the observation period. The internal control system implementation also still has significant weaknesses that has not improved from 2010-2018. Our analysis demonstrates that internal control weakness positively affects corruption. Further analysis also reveals that all internal control weakness element also has positive effect on corruption, both the weaknesses in the budget, revenue, and expenditure administration, the weaknesses in accounting and financial reporting, and the structure weaknesses. Research, Practical & Social implications: Based on the research findings, our study emphasizes that the internal control system implementation in Indonesian LGs needs urgent improvement to support the prevention of corruption in local level. The policymakers are required to take strategic efforts for internal control system reform in the LGs to reduce the likelihood of corruption by irresponsible local authorities. Originality/value: The study fills the limitation in Indonesian corruption literature by providing one of the earliest empirical investigation that comprehensive covers the whole Indonesian regions.

Local Government Capacity in Transmigration Development, Indonesia

The aims of this study were to explore the capacity of local governments in developing transmigration areas in the decentralization era after the change in the transmigration paradigm from migration of the poor to the development of transmigration areas. This research uses a constructive qualitative case study approach. Data collection was done by means of in-depth interviews with 35 participants from echelon two and echelon three officials in Kota Tidore Kepulauan, echelon three in the provincial government and echelons three and four in the central ministry. Our research exposes that the capacity of the local government of Kota Tidore Kepulauan in developing the transmigration area has not been maximized due to unhealthy local political dynamics because each change of regional head can affect the transfer and rotation of positions, the lack of funding sources so that the dependence on the budget from the central government is very high. In addition, cross-sectoral coordination did not go well because each agency still had sectoral ego even though transmigration affairs were not only the task of the transmigration technical service but were the affairs of the local government. Even, human resource support is still very limited, while the procurement of ASN (State Civil Apparatus) must obtain approval from the central government, so local governments are experiencing difficultiesThe aims of this study were to explore the capacity of local governments in developing transmigration areas in the decentralization era after the change in the transmigration paradigm from migration of the poor to the development of transmigration areas. This research uses a constructive qualitative case study approach. Data collection was done by means of in-depth interviews with 35 participants from echelon two and echelon three officials in Kota Tidore Kepulauan, echelon three in the provincial government and echelons three and four in the central ministry. Our research exposes that the capacity of the local government of Kota Tidore Kepulauan in developing the transmigration area has not been maximized due to unhealthy local political dynamics because each change of regional head can affect the transfer and rotation of positions, the lack of funding sources so that the dependence on the budget from the central government is very high. In addition, cross-sectoral coordination did not go well because each agency still had sectoral ego even though transmigration affairs were not only the task of the transmigration technical service but were the affairs of the local government. Even, human resource support is still very limited, while the procurement of ASN (State Civil Apparatus) must obtain approval from the central government, so local governments are experiencing difficulties.

Land Cover Change and Food Security in Central Sumba: Challenges and Opportunities in the Decentralization Era in Indonesia

This study focuses on land cover and land management changes in relation to food security and environmental services in a semi-arid area of East Nusa Tenggara (ENT), Indonesia. The study was conducted in the Central Sumba District of ENT province. A classification and regression tree (CART) for land cover classification was analyzed using machine learning techniques through the implementation of the Google Earth Engine. A Focus Group Discussion (FGD) survey followed by in-depth interviews was conducted for primary data collection, involving a total of 871 respondents. The socio-economic data were statistically analyzed descriptively using non-parametric tests. The study showed that (1) there has been a substantial change in land use during the devolution era that has both positive and negative implications for food security and environmental services; (2) there has been population pressure in fertile and agricultural land as a direct impact of the development of city infrastructure; and (3) national intervention through the Food Estate program has fostered and shaped land use change and land management in the Central Sumba District. The study highlights the importance of the devolution spirit in aiding the management of limited arable/agricultural land in predominantly semi-arid areas to ensure food security and environmental services.

Data protection governance framework: A silver bullet for blockchain-enabled applications

Blockchain technology is taking centre stage in major industries, ushering in a new era of decentralisation and digitalisation. While blockchain has garnered widespread traction in various sectors, there remain many technological, operational, societal, and legal challenges in deploying blockchain, mainly attributable to its sheer novelty. With ensuing ruminations about data protection concerns and given the real threats posed by the increasing usage of blockchain, scholars have examined these underlying challenges faced by blockchain users and regulators globally. Trust-building issues, such as data protection breaches, warrant our attention due to the negative consequences that may manifest and concretise in any measurable manner, triggering fragmentation of blockchain-based applications and socio-technical assemblages. This paper proposes eight data protection indicators (DPIs) to assess the maturity levels of countries in addressing data protection challenges in the blockchain landscape. The DPIs can contribute to developing institutional and governance frameworks to spur the global diffusion of hard and soft law instruments and establish broader safeguards of blockchain users’ data.

PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN DAERAH PASCA DESENTRALISASI FISKAL

The era of decentralization encourages economic growth, both in terms of revenue and expenditure so that it has increased compared to before the era of decentralization. However, the effect of fiscal decentralization is much greater on the expenditure side than the regional revenue side. This research method uses library research. The approach used in this study uses a qualitative approach which is often called the naturalistic research method because the research is carried out in natural conditions (natural setting). Meanwhile, data analysis is descriptive analytical, so that the research analysis is carried out qualitatively both on secondary data and primary data. The results showed that fiscal decentralization has a negative influence on economic growth, which means that the higher the fiscal decentralization, the lower the economic growth; Economic growth has a positive effect on the welfare of people in the regions, which means that the higher the economic growth, the higher the welfare of the people, and fiscal decentralization has a positive effect on people's welfare in growing the economy, which means that the higher the fiscal decentralization, the higher the welfare of the people. Fiscal decentralization, which has a positive effect on people's welfare, has sufficiently explained that fiscal decentralization in Indonesia on the right track.

Public Services Based On e-Government in Digital Age

The development of information and communication technology in the era of globalization, democratization, and decentralization has become a necessity as well as a challenge, especially for local governments in the development of communication for public services and community empowerment. The research used a qualitative case study method, with data collection through documentation, interviews, observations, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The research subjects were chosen purposively, namely local governments in four district governments in the southern region of Central Java in Indonesia, academics, observers, and digital media practitioners. The study used Cross Case Analysis to find the diversity, uniqueness, and depth of cases. The results of the study indicate that (1) Public services are important and strategic to be implemented through information and communication technology media in the form of e-Government to improve public services that are efficient, effective, participatory, responsive, and have transparency of information as well as budget accountability and implementation of development programs. (2) The government needs to anticipate the information technology gap so that it requires digital media literacy in improving the competence of human resources in government institutions, educational institutions, and social also business economics.

Mode of water governance in the department of Couffo in the era of decentralization in Benin

Water is a precious resource. Its access is a common problem because of its uneven repair on land. The realities of drinking water supply diverge from one environment to another. In Benin, the problem of drinking water supply arises in several localities. The Couffo department is no exception to this reality. This study aims to analyze the different modes of access to water in the era of decentralization in the municipalities of the Couffo department. The methodology adopted is based on documentary research, field surveys and direct observations. At the end of this study, the investigations carried out showed a diversity of modes of access to drinking water in the Couffo department. In addition, 48% of the study population uses water from AEV. The Communes have several AEVs located in the arrondissements and the water is distributed through standpipes in the arrondissements. Also, 35% of the population is unaware of modernized water supply structures. Efforts have been made in the water sector in the Couffo since the country gained international sovereignty. However, although these legal provisions are likely to improve the management of water resources, shortcomings are noted in the application of the texts. Such a situation cannot help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. It is essential to put in place measures to improve the knowledge of the populations of the department of Couffo in water supply structures for greater accessibility.