Decayed Teeth Research Articles

Correlation of Dental and Periodontal Status With HIV Presence and Initial CD4 Counts: An Albanian Prospective Observational Study.

Background Different pathologies are encountered more often in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, such as bacterial, fungal, viral infection, and neoplastic diseases. Recently, studies have shown that HIV-infected individuals have poorer oral health outcomes, worse dentition, and aggressive forms of periodontitis. This study aims to investigate the dental and periodontal status of HIV-infected patients, the correlation between CD4+ level and the CD4 percentage with dentition, and periodontal status. Methodology A prospective observational study was conducted in the University Dental Clinic and the Infective Service of University Hospital Center "Mother Teresa" in Tirana, Albania. All patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection (35 patients, 40.7%) and those without HIV infection (51 patients, 59.3%) who underwent oral examination from April through July 2024 were included. Patients were grouped according to HIV status into two groups. This study evaluated the basic demographic characteristics, laboratory measurements, especially CD4 counts, oral hygiene, and the presence of dental and periodontal lesions. The dentition status was assessed using the values of decay teeth (DT), filled teeth (FT), and missing teeth (MT), presented as DMFT. The periodontal status was evaluated through a periodontal probe measuring community periodontal index (CPI) and loss of attachment (LOA), as recommended by the World Health Organization's Oral Health Assessment Form 2013. The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used to evaluate the correlation between the levels of CD4+ and DMFT, CD4+ and CPI, CD4+ and LOA, CD4+/lymphocyte percentage (CD4%) and DMFT, CD4% and CPI, and CD4% and LOA. P-values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results HIV-infected patients had a worse dentition status, with higher DT, higher MT, and higher DMFT index values (9.71 ± 6.72 vs. 5.96 ± 4.49, p = 0.003) compared to those without HIV. HIV-infected patients also had a worse periodontal status, with higher CPI (2.63 ± 1.06 vs. 0.94 ± 0.68) and LOA (2.57 ± 1.06 vs. 0.94 ± 0.68) compared to those without HIV. An important negative correlation was found between CD4+ and dentition and periodontal status. A lower level of CD4+ was correlated with a higher DMFT (r = -0.52, p = 0.01, CPI (r = -0.38, p = 0.024, and LOA (r = -0.37, p = 0.029). Conclusions HIV-infected patients manifest a worse dentition and periodontal status, with the worsening strongly correlated with the initial CD4+ levels. Periodontal disease may serve as a significant clinical indicator for the early diagnosis of HIV and its progression. Dental professionals should be vigilant in assessing periodontal health, especially in high-risk populations, as it may prompt timely testing and intervention for HIV infection.

Dental Caries and Erosive Tooth Wear Among 12-Year-Old Hong Kong Children

ObjectiveThis study is to investigate the dental caries, erosive tooth wear status, and oral health-related habits of 12-year-old Hong Kong children. MethodsThis cross-sectional survey recruited 12-year-old children using clustered random sampling from three main districts. The trained examiner examined the children's caries status using the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization and recorded their caries experience using the decayed, missing, and filled tooth (DMFT) index. The children's tooth wear status was determined using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. Their oral hygiene practice was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. ResultsWe recruited 445 children and 396 children participated (response rate: 89%). Their mean DMFT was 0.29 ± 0.73. Seventy children (18%, 70/396) had caries experience (DMFT > 0) and they had 116 teeth suffered from caries. Among these 116 carious teeth, 75 teeth (65%, 75/116) were filled (FT), one tooth (1%, 1/116) was extracted (MT), and 40 teeth (34%, 40/116) were carious (DT). Five children had more than one decayed tooth (DT > 1), and one child had the highest number of decayed teeth (DT) at 4. BEWE results showed 284 (72%, 284/396) children had no erosive tooth wear (BEWE = 0). No child had severe erosive tooth wear (BEWE = 3). However, children consuming lemon tea or lemonade and vitamin C drinks 3 times a week or more showed significantly higher BEWE scores. Additionally, 380 (96%, 380/396) children brushed their teeth daily and 116 children (29%, 116/396) flossed their teeth. ConclusionMost 12-year-old Hong Kong children had neither caries experience nor tooth wear, and their oral health-related habits were satisfactory. SignificanceThis study updated the caries status of the permanent dentition of 12-year-old Hong Kong children. The information offers updated oral health data for the local, regional, and global authorities for planning effective public health programmes to improve the oral health of children.

Oral Health in Patients Hospitalized Because of Ischemic Stroke.

Background/Objectives: Maintenance of good oral health is relevant to overall health and quality of life. Results of many analyses showed that stroke patients had worse oral health than the control population. The aim of this study was a clinical assessment of oral condition in post-stroke patients and a healthy population. Methods: Oral health was assessed in stroke patients on the first day of ischemic stroke, and in a control group of healthy subjects. The number of teeth, the presence of active carious foci, fillings, and prosthetic restorations were evaluated. To assess oral hygiene, the Approximal Plaque Index (API) was used. In periodontal examinations, the presence of dental deposits, the depth of the existing periodontal pockets, tooth mobility, and the Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI) during probing were assessed. Results: Significantly higher mean values of Decayed Teeth (DT), Missing Teeth (MT), and Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) indices were recorded in the study group. The incidence of dental caries, API, and SBI was also significantly higher in the study group. The study and control groups did not differ significantly in the average number of pockets 3 mm deep and deeper and in the frequency of having prosthetic restorations. Conclusions: Oral health and the level of oral hygiene in patients hospitalized because of ischemic stroke, in comparison with that in a healthy population, is not satisfactory. Active interdisciplinary collaboration between various medical specialists in the therapy of patients with general illnesses, including stroke, is strongly recommended.

Colombia’s Armed Conflict and Dental Caries among Adults

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the association between residing in municipalities with armed conflict and dental caries among adults in Colombia. Methods: Data from 9,194 individuals aged 18–79 years, who participated in the Fourth National Oral Health Survey in 2014, were linked with information on the presence and intensity of the armed conflict experienced in their municipality of residence between 2000 and 2012 (extracted from the Resource Centre for Conflicts Analysis). Dental caries was determined through clinical examinations and summarised using the numbers of decayed teeth (DT), decayed and filled teeth (DFT), and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT). Two-level negative binomial regression models were fitted, with adults nested within municipalities, to test the association between armed conflict indicators and caries outcomes after adjustment for covariates. Results: The mean DT, DFT, and DMFT scores were 1.75 (SD = 2.36), 6.03 (SD = 4.53), and 10.27 (SD = 7.11), respectively. Of the 197 municipalities included in the analysis, 12.2% experienced conflict permanently and 18.3% experienced high-intensity conflict. In crude analysis, adults living in municipalities with more presence and intensity of armed conflict had lower DT and DMFT, but not DFT scores. After adjustment for covariates, only the (high) intensity of conflict was associated with lower DT (rate ratio: 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47–0.87), DFT (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71–0.95), and DMFT scores (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.74–0.89). Conclusions: This study found that Colombian adults residing in municipalities with high intensity of conflict had lower levels of untreated disease and caries experience.

A Deep Learning Approach to Dental Image Analysis and Problem Identification

Panoramic Images are key tool for dentists to spot dental issues early and plan the best course of treatment. In this paper we propose a approach of dental problem detection using images. Model can detect 2 types of issues which are decay and cavity. Model is trained using CNN algorithm. Image processing is perform for detection. After detection of dental problem solution to that problem is also provided such as for decay tooth preventive measures

Oral health in patients with hiv/aids. A unicentric observational study.

Aim: Investigation of oral health in patients with HIV/AIDS. Materials and methods: This is a prospective observational study. The study included 95 patients who underwent an oral examination at the University Dental Clinic in Tirana, Albania, in the period JanuaryMarch 2024. Patients were categorized according to the presence of HIV/AIDS into two groups. The group with HIV/AIDS and the group without HIV/AIDS. In this study, the basic demographic characteristics, oral hygiene of patients as well as the presence of oral lesions, periodontopathies, and dental caries were evaluated with the values DT (decay teeth), FT (filled teeth), MT (missing teeth), DMFT, and CPI (community periodontal index) with the WHO Oral Health Assessment form 2013 and periodontal probe Results: A total of 95 patients were included in the study and of these 73 patients without HIV/AIDS (76.8%) and 22 patients with HIV/AIDS (23.2%). HIV/ AID patients were younger (35.8±9.1 vs. 55.6±12.5, p=0.026), and had worse oral hygiene (36.4% vs. 82.2% p=0.012). In patients with HIV/AIDS, on average, a higher number of carious teeth and missing teeth and a higher DMFT value, as well as more oral lesions, mainly candidiasis (45.4% vs. 11.0% p=0.0003 compared to patients without HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: In our study, it was documented that patients with HIV/AIDS had worse oral health and a greater presence of oral lesions associated with worse oral hygiene. The early monitoring and treatment of oral pathologies as well as the recommendation for the best possible oral hygiene can influence a better longterm progress in these patients.

Socioenvironmental sugar promotion and geographical inequalities in dental health of 5-year-old children in England.

To investigate the relationship between socioenvironmental sugar promotion and geographical inequalities in the prevalence of dental caries amongst 5-year-olds living across small areas within England. Ecological data from the National Dental Epidemiology Programme (NDEP) 2018-2019, comprising information on the percentage of 5-year-olds with tooth decay (≥1 teeth that are decayed into dentine, missing due to decay, or filled), and untreated tooth decay (≥1 decayed but untreated teeth), in lower-tier local authorities (LAs) of England. These were analysed for association with a newly developed Index of Sugar-Promoting Environments Affecting Child Dental Health (ISPE-ACDH). The index quantifies sugar-promoting determinants within a child's environment and provides standardized scores for the index, and its component domains that is, neighbourhood-, school- and family-environment, with the highest scores representing the highest levels of sugar promotion in lower-tier LAs (N = 317) of England. Linear regressions, including unadjusted models separately using index and each domain, and models adjusted for domains were built for each dental outcome. Participants lived across 272 of 317 lower-tier LAs measured within the index. The average percentage of children with tooth decay and untreated tooth decay was 22.5 (SD: 8.5) and 19.6 (SD: 8.3), respectively. The mean index score was (0.1 [SD: 1.01]). Mean domain scores were: neighbourhood (0.02 [SD: 1.03]), school (0.1 [SD: 1.0]), and family (0.1 [SD: 0.9]). Unadjusted linear regressions indicated that the LA-level percentage of children with tooth decay increased by 5.04, 3.71, 4.78 and 5.24 with increased scores of the index, and neighbourhood, school and family domains, respectively. An additional model, adjusted for domains, showed that this increased percentage predicted by neighbourhood domain attenuated to 1.37, and by family domain it increased to 6.33. Furthermore, unadjusted models indicated that the LA-level percentage of children with untreated tooth decay increased by 4.72, 3.42, 4.45 and 4.97 with increased scores of the index, and neighbourhood, school, and family domains, respectively. The model, adjusted for domains, showed that this increased percentage predicted by neighbourhood domain attenuated to 1.24 and by family domain rose to 6.47. School-domain was not significantly associated with either outcome in adjusted models. This study reveals that socioenvironmental sugar promotion, particularly within neighbourhood- and family-environments, may contribute to geographical inequalities in dental caries in children. Further research involving data on individual-level dental outcomes and confounders is required.

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Oral Health among Adults in Guangxi, China.

To examine the relationship between socioeconomic inequalities and oral health among adults in the Guangxi province of China. The present work was designed as a cross-sectional study, and comprises a secondary analysis of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey from 2015-2016. A multistage cluster sampling method was adopted for this survey, conducted in three urban and three rural districts Guangxi province. Dental examinations were conducted to determine oral health indicators: decayed teeth (DT), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and missing teeth (MT). The outcome measures were DT, CAL and MT. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status (SES). Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyse the relationship between SES and oral health by adjusting covariates. The sample consisted of 651 participants aged 35-74 years. Logisitic analysis showed a statistically significant association between SES and oral health indicators. In the fully adjusted model, participants with primary education were more likely to suffer more DT (OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.17-6.10), teeth with CAL ≥ 4 mm (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.25-3.67) and MT (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.65-5.60) compared to the higher education group. Participants with secondary education exhibited a higher likelihood of experiencing increased MT compared to those in the higher education group in the fully adjusted model (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.78-5.76). Household income was associated with DT and MT in the unadjusted model only. There was strong relationship between SES and oral health of adults. The survey suggested a relationship between low educational attainment and oral health.

Index of Caries Experience – A Composite System for Recording Dental Caries

Abstract Introduction: Measurement of dental caries is imperative for its prevention and control. The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a dental caries index that is reliable, reversible, and valid. A cross-sectional study was designed and conducted at the outreach dental clinics of a dental school in India. Methods and Material: A total of 219 patients visiting outreach centres participated in the study. Patients attending outreach dental clinics aged 15 years and above, who were dentate and affected by dental caries, were included. Clinical examination was done under clinical conditions with dental chair lighting. Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and Index of Caries Experience (ICE) were recorded using the visuo-tactile method according to the index criteria. Results: The relationship between the DMFT and ICE was determined. Results showed that the DMFT from ICE had good correlation. The decayed teeth index (DTI) score varied from decayed teeth (DT) according to age and sex. DTI was significantly higher for females than for males and higher among younger age groups than older ones, but DT did not exhibit the differences. Conclusions: ICE is a new system in which the proviso is to measure the non-cavitated lesions and health of permanent dentition. DMFT and ICE have good correlation. DTI is more sensitive than the DT score.

Review on risk factors associated with childhood caries

Caries, also known as tooth decay or worm's tooth, is a disease of the oral cavity caused by multiple factors. It is one of the most common diseases of humans worldwide, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified it as one of "three major diseases affecting human health" along with tumors and cardiovascular disease. Genetics, the environment, and microorganisms all play a role in the development of its diseases. Caries is the leading cause of tooth loss in children, with a prevalence that is five times higher than that of asthma. It lowers adult life quality by causing pain in the teeth, spoiling their appearance, and making it difficult to replace missing teeth. Preventing and controlling a condition like childhood caries requires an understanding of the elements that contribute to it. This research will conduct a systematic literature review to examine the potential causes of caries in younger children.

Caries experience and risk indicators of having decayed teeth among 65-year-olds in Oslo, Norway: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundMeeting the oral health needs of the increasing population of older adults presents a major challenge in dental care. Knowledge about the oral health status in the young-elderly age group is essential for the planning of future oral health education and prevention programs. The aims of the present study were therefore to investigate the caries experience among 65-year-olds in Oslo, Norway, and to explore associations between having decayed teeth and sociodemographic, behavioural, and biological factors.MethodsA random sample of 65‑year‑olds in Oslo answered a questionnaire and underwent clinical and radiographic examinations (n = 457, 52% men and 48% women) at the Research Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, between February and December 2019. Primary- and secondary coronal and root caries lesions, root remnants, and missing and restored teeth were recorded. Decayed teeth (DT) were defined as teeth with coronal- and root caries lesions that had progressed into dentine and root remnants, and the DMFT/S scores were calculated.ResultsThe mean number of teeth was 25 (SD: 4) and the mean DMFT was 19.4 (SD: 4.7). Thirty seven percent of the individuals had at least one decayed tooth (DT > 0), and the mean number of filled teeth (FT) was 16.1 (SD: 5.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male gender (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.8), basic level of education (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–2.9), irregular dental attendance (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0-4.8), and hyposalivation (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0-4.4) were significant risk indicators for having decayed teeth (DT > 0) (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn conclusion, 65-year-olds in Oslo had a low average number of decayed and missing teeth, and a high number of restored teeth. Irregular dental attendance and hyposalivation were the strongest risk indicators for having decayed teeth. Based on the present results, it will be important to ensure access to regular dental care and to increase the emphasis on caries preventive measures for individuals with hyposalivation in this age group.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Iranian Dentists’ Practice Patterns

Background: The practice scheme of dentists during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic changed markedly around the world. The impacts of these changes on the economic concerns of dentists and the oral health of their patients have been the focus of some recent studies. This study aimed to assess probable alterations in the practice and patient mix of general dentists (GDs) and dental specialists in Isfahan, Iran during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: This analytic cross-sectional study was performed among dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic (April-June 2021). A specific self-administrated questionnaire was designed, the validity and reliability of which were verified by calculating the content validity index and intra-class coefficients (test-re-test techniques), respectively. The questionnaire had 21 items in four sections, including demographic and work characteristics, probable changes in the practice scheme, composition of patients, and the type of the provided treatments. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software, descriptive and analytical analysis, including t-test, Chi-square, and ANOVA (α= 0.05). Results: Overall, 152 general (response rate= 88%) and 171 specialist dentists were recruited, of whom 206 (63.8%) were males. In addition, 74% of the dentists, especially prosthodontists and restorative specialists, reduced the number of patients per working day (P&lt;0.001). Further, 68.5% reported a decrease in the number of their elderly patients. Based on the results, 77% of the dentists reported an increase in tooth decay and hopeless teeth. Although extraction, emergency treatments, and extensive restorations were increased, prophylactic treatments and follow-ups represented a decline. The highest concern was reported to be about family health (7 out of 10). Finally, prosthodontists, endodontists, and surgery specialists reported the least use of these facilities (P&lt;0.001). Conclusions: An increase in the number of hopeless and decayed teeth, as well as an increase in emergency treatments (pain and abscesses) and a decrease in preventive care, confirms an untoward change in the dental practice pattern during the pandemic.

National and Subnational Trend of Dental Caries of Permanent Teeth in Iran, 1990–2017

ObjectiveThere are currently no integrated data on the trend of dental caries amongst distinct age groups in Iran. We aimed to assess the national and subnational trend of dental caries of permanent teeth in Iran from 1990 to 2017. MethodsA literature search about dental caries and the decayed-missing-filled teeth index (DMFT) was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and 3 national databases (in Persian). All eligible national oral health surveys in these 28 years were included. We categorised and aggregated the DMFT values and their components based on age (5-year-based groups from 5 to 9 to 60+ years), sex, year, and province. The data for missing spots were estimated using the spatiotemporal Bayesian hierarchical model. We used the bootstrap method in multilevel models to predict the uncertainty interval (UI) of the modelled results. ResultsNationally, the all-ages mean DMFT increased by nearly 58.0% (6.8 [95% UI, 4.1–10.5] in 1990 to 10.8 [95% UI, 7.5–14.5] in 2017). Decayed teeth (DT) and missing teeth (MT) rose by 84.5% and 31.6% during this period, respectively. Filled teeth (FT) showed almost a 2.6-fold increase in the same period from 0.6 (95% UI, 0.01–1.6) in 1990 to 1.7 (95% UI, 0.6–2.8) in 2017. The proportion of DT and FT continuously increased in both sexes. In 2017, the highest DT, MT, and FT were estimated in the 25–29 (4.9 [95% UI, 2.5–7.2]), 60+ (21.5 [95% UI, 17.5–25.4]), and 35–39 (2.6 [95% UI, 1.3–4.0]) year age groups. ConclusionsCaries of permanent dentition levies a growing burden on the Iranian population. Considering the continuous increase in caries during the 1990–2017 period, Iranian policymakers should pay heed to these findings and react more proactively to mitigate this perpetuating issue. Implementing nationwide interventions such as sugar consumption management should be encouraged to achieve sustainable outcomes in this regards.

Depression andDifferential Oral Health Status Among U.S. Adults With andWithout Prior Active Duty Service inthe U.S. Military, National Health andNutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018.

Veterans suffer from lower overall well-being than non-veterans because of their unique life course. This study aims to compare the impact of depression on oral health for veteran and non-veteran populations. Data from 11,693 adults (18+) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018) were analyzed. The outcome variables were dichotomous (at/above mean) decayed, missing, and filled teeth due to caries (DMFT), as well as the components, namely, missing teeth, filled teeth (FT), and decayed teeth (DT). The primary predictor variable combined depression screening outcome and veteran status (veteran/depressed, veteran/not depressed, non-veteran/depressed, and non-veteran/not depressed). Covariates included socioeconomic factors, demographics, wellness factors, and oral health-related habits. Associations between outcome and predictor variables were assessed with a fully adjusted logistic regression analysis. Veterans, regardless of depression status, had more DMFT, FT, missing teeth, and DT compared to non-veterans. After controlling for covariates, veterans suffering from depression had higher odds of DT (1.5, 95% CI, 1.0-2.4) compared to non-veterans without depression. In general, veterans who screened negative for depression had better oral health compared to all groups, with lower odds of DT (0.7, 95% CI, 0.6-0.9) and higher odds of FT (1.4, 95% CI, 1.1-1.7) compared to non-veterans with and without depression. This study found that not only veterans have higher odds of overall caries experience, but also veterans suffering from depression have higher odds of active caries compared to non-depressed veterans. Most veterans lack Veterans Health Administration dental benefits and face challenges maintaining oral health on top of medical and mental health burdens. Our results add further urgency to increasing dental care access for this vulnerable population because of the exacerbation of unmet oral health care needs attributable to the additional mental health challenges veterans face.

Potential Renal Acid Load, Salivary Buffer Capacity and Healthy Eating Index as Predictors of Children's Dental Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Dental caries is one of the most common childhood diseases. This study purposed to investigate the prediction capability of potential renal acid load(PRAL), salivary buffer capacity (SBC), and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) on children's dental caries. The decay, missing, filing, and teeth for primary teeth (dmft)/Decay, Missing, Filling, and Teethfor permanent teeth (DMFT) indexes of the children aged 7-12 years who applied to our faculty were recorded. Approximately 1 mL of unstimulated saliva samples were collected, and SBC was evaluated. PRAL and HEI scores were calculated by entering the data in the form of a daily nutrition record of the children into the BeBiS software (Ebispro for Windows, Stuttgart, Germany). The association of dental caries indices with PRAL, SBC, and HEI was analyzed using an independent samplet-test. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the dental caries burden. The statistical significance level was adjusted to a=0.05. A total of 150 children, 88 (58.6%) females and 62 (41.4%) males, were included in the study. Significant differences were found between the low and high dental caries groups for dmft regarding PRAL and SBC (p<0.001). A significant difference was found between the low and high dental caries groups for DMFT in terms of SBC (p<0.05). In our study, established regression models significantly predicted dental caries in primary teeth. SBC was the most influential factor in predicting dental caries compared to PRAL and HEI. There was a significant relationship between SBC, PRAL, and caries in primary teeth. In the model we created, the strongest predictor was SBC.

Correlations of Oral Hygiene and Health Behavior of Teenagers Living in the Cumulatively Disadvantaged Northern Region of Hungary

Abstract Objective In the present research, we aim to highlight the urgent need for prevention and health education by exploring the oral health indicators of the most deprived groups in Northern Hungary, especially in the light of the severely negative effects (pandemic) and circumstances of the past years. Material and Method The study included 111 students living in Borsod-Abaúj Zemplén county with a high level of disadvantage, but studying in a secondary school in a large city, average age 16.2±1.5 years, gender ratio 37.3/62.7(%).We performed a dental screening, completed a questionnaire on lifestyle and health behaviour, and used Rosenberg Self-Assessment Scale, Shame Experience Scale. Results Dental status of the students is poor, with many decay and few filled teeth. They consumed energy drink, alcoholic drink (strong alcohol) in high percent, and this occurs great frequency in the family. Students exercise little outside of class, do not play sports regularly, and hardly ever see their parents playing sports. Students do little physical activity outside of school, do not play sport regularly and their parents are hardly ever seen playing sport. Their feelings of shame are minimal and their self-esteem low, many have special educational needs. Conclusion Together, the results can increase the separation of these social groups to an extent that is already difficult to manage even at the level of society as a whole. All of this calls for cooperation between psychopedagogues, special education teachers and health professionals.

SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TOOTH EXTRACTION AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL IN 2021

Background: Tooth loss can lead to occlusal disorders and temporomandibular joint issues, resulting in pain and deteriorating chewing ability. Oral health problems affect health-related quality of life, especially anxiety, distress, and shame. However, the number of studies describing these effects in Vietnam was still limited. Objectives: To analyze of the relationship between dental status and socioeconomic factors in patients with tooth extraction. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 200 tooth extraction patients aged 18 years and older was conducted at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20's Frequency test, Chi-Square test, and Fisher's Exact test. Results: 256 teeth were extracted, in which the main reason was misaligned teeth (38.28%), decayed teeth (25.39%), and retained roots (12.89%). The extraction rate of females (63.32%) was higher than that of males (36.68%), and that of urban patients (71.43%) was higher than that of rural patients (28.57%). People who brushed their teeth less than twice a day, and did not have dental visits in the past 12 months accounted for the highest proportion (92.5%,58.5%). Low education level was the reason for the prevalence of oral diseases, while higher education level played a preventive role (p=0.046). In the elderly group, the proportion of patients with tooth extraction due to oral disease increased (p=0.002). Conclusions: A patient had less than two teeth extracted on average. Tooth decay and misaligned teeth were the most common causes of extraction. Educational status and place of residence were considered to be significant factors influencing the reasons for tooth extraction.

Socioeconomic status is associated with dental healthcare utilization among Iranian breast cancer survivors

Background: Oral health conditions are a group of complications that are partially associated with breast cancer (BC) treatments. However, evidence on the sociodemographic risk factors of oral health conditions among BC patients is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the socioeconomic status (SES) and dental health in a population of Iranian female BC patients in 2020. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran. Indices of decayed, extracted, and filled teeth were measured based on clinical examination by a general dentist. Data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews, review of the patients’ medical records, and clinical examination for six months. Data were analyzed by applying univariate and multivariable generalized negative binomial regression (GNBReg). Data were analyzed using the Stata. Results: Data from 1760 BC patients were collected, 1707 of whom were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 46.3±9.8 years. The mean of the total decayed, missing, and filled teeth, and the number of decayed teeth (DT), missing teeth (MT), and filled teeth (FT) were 12.8±5.8, 3.5±3.1, 4.6±5.2, and 4.6±4.4 teeth, respectively. Regarding SES, the number of participants with high, high-middle, low-middle, and low SES were 421, 432, 395 and 459, respectively. According to univariate analysis, there was no significant difference between different SES in mean DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth), while SES was significantly associated with DT, MT and FT among the study participants. Conclusion: Female BC patients in Iran have lower levels of dental health regardless of their SES. As those from different socioeconomic classes are seeking different and mostly inadequate or unsuitable dental healthcare services, tailored interventional programs are needed to address the dental healthcare needs of patients in each socioeconomic class.

Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors of detention center inmates in South Korea compared with Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) respondents: a retrospective study

BackgroundCorrectional institution inmates have reduced access to dental care; however, a quantitative assessment of their oral health condition has not yet been performed in South Korea. Therefore, this study aimed to assess dental caries and compare the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors between inmates and the general South Korean population.MethodsThe dental records of two detention centers in South Korea were retrospectively analyzed to assess the clinical oral health condition of inmates using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and self-reported questionnaire. These data were compared with similar data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for the general South Korean population.ResultsIn total, 642 inmates were analyzed and compared with 13,345 KNHANES participants in the KNHANES. The inmate and KNHANES groups demonstrated significant intergroup differences, with a higher prevalence of untreated caries, DMFT, decayed teeth (DT), and missing teeth (MT) values among the inmates. The prevalence of untreated caries decreased according to the history of dental pain in the inmate group but increased in the KNHANES group. The decrease in DMFT with a history of dental pain was significant only in the inmate group. Furthermore, self-rated oral health was significantly associated with prevalence of untreated caries, DMFT, DT, MT, and filled teeth (FT) in the inmate group but with prevalence of untreated caries, DMFT, DT, and MT in the KNHANES group. It was found that this is because there is an interaction effect by the group.ConclusionsThe oral health of the inmate group was significantly poorer than that of the general group. Since DMFT, DT, MT, and FT values and prevalence of untreated caries in the inmate group were significantly related to their self-rated oral health, suggesting that self-rated oral health should be incorporated into the dental health screenings of correctional institution inmates.

The association between dental caries and physical activity, physical fitness, and background factors among Finnish male conscripts

Studies on measured physical fitness and oral health are sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between self-reported physical activity and measured physical fitness and oral health of young men. The study population consisted of 13,564 Finnish male conscripts who had mandatory clinical oral examinations and physical fitness tests at the beginning of military service in 2011. Finally, around 10,800 conscripts had physical fitness test outcomes available and a total of 8552 conscripts answered a computer-based questionnaire on background factors. Decayed Tooth (DT) and Decayed, Missing, or Filled Tooth (DMFT) indices, outcomes of surveys and fitness tests were used in analyses by cross-tabulation and multivariable logistic regression model (odds ratios [OR] with 95% confidence interval [CI]) were calculated. Regularly exercising conscripts had a reduced need for dental restorative treatment than those reporting no physical activity (p < 0.0001). The proportion of participants with sound dentition (DT = 0) increased steadily with increasing physical activity (39.0–59.4%). Good measured physical fitness was a protective factor against increased dental restorative treatment need. A low prevalence of smoking and low use of alcohol and energy drinks were associated with frequent exercise, whereas consumption of sport drinks and snuff use were common among those who exercised frequently. Good measured physical fitness and self-reported physical activity are associated with reduced caries burden. There is a need for information about the harms of tobacco products and the benefits of a healthy diet, even for the increased energy needs of the physically active.