Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth Index Research Articles

Associaton of dermatoglyphic patterns and salivary pH with DMFT index of patients in Riyadh.

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease with a genetic disposition. To evaluate correlation among dermatoglyphic patterns, salivary pH, and dental caries. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 150 randomly selected volunteers between 15 and 30 years of age who visited dental clinics from November 2019 to December 2020. Caries status was evaluated as decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index, and salivary pH was measured. Patients with a DMFT score of 0-5 were into Group A, those with DMFT 5-10 into Group B, and those above 10 were classified into Group C. The dermatoglyphic patterns on the palmar digits of participants were recorded using the method by Cummins and Midlo. A higher salivary pH was observed in Group A and Group B when compared with Group C (P = 0.001), and this difference was statistically significant. Group A exhibited a statistically significant association with the arch form of fingerprint (58.1%), whereas Group B exhibited a statistically significant association with the loop form (51.9%). Group C exhibited a statistically significant association with the whorl pattern of fingerprint pattern (98.8%) (P = 0.001). The loop pattern is associated with lesser incidence of caries, whereas whorl pattern is associated with higher incidence of caries. Dermatoglyphics is a noninvasive method that can be used to identify caries susceptibility and take appropriate prophylactic measures.

Association Of Children’s Dental Health Status with Their Parents’ Oral Health Literacy and Family Characteristics

Background and Objective: Oral health literacy (OHL) is a type of health literacy that specifically focuses on people`s literacy and knowledge about oral health. It has been shown that oral health literacy can be a powerful predictor of people's health, health-related behaviors, and medical outcomes. As parents play a crucial role in their child`s health, in this study we aimed to assess the oral health literacy of the adults and its relation with their children`s dental status.Materials and Methods: Four hundred parents with their children participated in this cross-sectional study. Two hundred OHL questionnaires were distributed to parents of 3–6-year-old patients referred to pediatric hospitals for any reason. The OHL was assessed in three domains: reading comprehension, numeracy and appropriate decision-making. The score were categorized as inadequate, 0-7; marginal, 8-9, and adequate, 10-15. Then a dentist did the dental examination of their children, and the DMFT (decay-missing-filled teeth) index was calculated. Chi-square, independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparative analysis.Results: 69.2%, 21.2% and 9.6% of the parents had inadequate, marginal and adequate OHL, respectively. The mean DMFT was 4.5±4.47 (median:3) with minimum of 0 and maximum of 17. The mean age of parents and children did not differ between 3 groups of OHL, but DMFT was significantly higher in participant with inadequate OHL (p=0.03). The mean DMFT was also higher in families with greater than four family members(p=0.002). It is shown that the frequency of inadequate OHL was higher among parents with lower education(p=0.002), while the DMFT did not differ in 3 groups of education(p=0.84).Conclusion: Parents with inadequate OHL was associated with high children’s dental caries. So, conducting oral health education for parents is essential. Holding training classes in health centers can improve the parent’s oral health literacy, and hopefully motivate them to look after their child’s dental health.

Association of bitter and sweet taste gene receptor polymorphisms with dental caries formation

Abstract Objectives The aim of the study is to analyze the association of different bitter and sweet gene receptor polymorphisms and bitter and sweet food consumption on formation of dental caries in Turkish adult population. Methods This study included 205 adults whose detailed intraoral health examination was completed and decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index values were recorded. A mini questionnaire was applied to assess the consumption of bitter and sweet food. A venous blood sample from each participant was collected in Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes. Further, DNA samples were isolated from the blood samples by utilizing a DNA isolation kit, which were stored at +4 °C prior to the analysis. Taste receptor type 2 member 38 (TAS2R38; rs10246939, rs713598, rs1726866), Taste receptor type 1 member 2 (TAS1R2; rs35874116, rs9701796), and Taste receptor type 1 member 3 (TAS1R3; rs307355) gene polymorphisms were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results There was no statistically significant association between the TAS2R38, TAS1R2, and TAS1R3 gene polymorphism and the DMFT index (p>0.05). No significant difference was found between the consumption of bitter and sweet food and the DMFT index (p>0.05). Conclusions TAS2R38 (rs10246939, rs713598, rs1726866), TAS1R2 (rs35874116, rs9701796), and TAS1R3 (rs307355) gene polymorphism may not be associated with the formation of dental caries in the Turkish adult population.

Tobacco Users among the Patients who Visited Dental Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Smoked and smokeless forms of tobacco is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality with inevitable effects on the oral cavity as well. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of tobacco users among the patients who visited dental outpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 255 patients visiting the dental outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital over the duration of six months. Data collection was done through personal interviews and clinical examinations. History of tobacco use was taken and patients were divided into current users, never users and ever users. Clinical examination was done using Decayed Missing Filled Teeth index, community periodontal index modified and loss of attachment. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 255 patients, 91 (35.69%) (95% Confidence Interval = 29.81-41.57) patients used tobacco. Among them, 72 (28.2%) were current users, who had taken tobacco at least once during the past 30 days and 19 (7.5%) were ever users who had taken tobacco but not during the past 30 days. Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco use among our study participants is similar in comparison to that of the general population. Our study shows greater prevalence of the use of a smokeless form of tobacco than the smoked form of tobacco.

Comparison of dental caries and periodontal disease with dermatoglyphic patterns and salivary p

Dermatoglyphic patterns are dermal ridge configurations present on the fingers, palm, toes and soles of human which are valuable in the diagnosis of many diseases associated with genetic disorders. Although the aetiology of dental caries and periodontal diseases is multi-factorial, we hypothesize that they may have genetic predisposition. We also evaluated its association with environmental factors like salivary pto assess any possible correlation. This study aims to Compare Dental caries (DC) and chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) with Dermatoglyphic patterns and salivary p. One hundred patients were divided into group I (40 DC patients), group II (40 CGP patients) and group III includes 20 healthy controls. DMFT (decayed missing filled teeth) index (> 5) from group I, Russell’s periodontal index (2-5) from group II patients were taken. Finger print patterns by ink method and salivary p by p strips were recorded from all the groups and analysed with descriptive analysis. Group I showed more incidence of whorl patterns at lower salivary p than Group II and III which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Group II showed more incidence of ulnar loop patterns at slightly lower p than Group I & III which was statistically significant (p<0.05).The present study showed DC seen in people with more number of whorl patterns and periodontal disease with more ulnar loop patterns at lower salivary P. Larger scale studies are warranted to confirm our findings before applying dermatoglyphics to predict an individual prone to develop DC and periodontal disease in clinical practice.

Dental Caries Occurrence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: The present review aimed to systematically evaluate the occurrence of caries in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), either Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), compared to healthy controls. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Google Scholar, LILACS, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were screened. Caries experience was measured through the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. The weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval was calculated between IBD patients and healthy controls. Results: Six studies were selected for the inclusion in the systematic review, 5 of which were also included in the quantitative synthesis of data. The WMD in the DMFT index between IBD and healthy subjects was 3.04 (1.52, 4.56) (p = 0.10). Subgroup analysis showed no difference (p = 0.31) between CD (2.52 [0.54, 4.49]) and UC (4.01 [1.52, 4.56]) subjects. Conclusions: There is a remarkably higher past and present occurrence of dental caries in subjects with IBD than healthy controls. This result should encourage clinicians to include oral health preventive programs in the overall treatment plan of IBD patients.

Correlation between the number of brushes per day and the dmft index in 12-year-old school children from the El Vecino parish in Cuenca, Ecuador 2016

Correlate the number of brushes per day and the decay-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index in 12-year-old school children from the parish "El Vecino Cuenca - Ecuador 2016". The study was communicational, quantitative, descriptive and relational. The population consisted of 279 records from the study of the epidemiological map of schoolchildren in the "El Vecino" parish. The database included the registration number, age, sex, parish and DMFT Index. There was an statistically significant inverse correlation between the number of brushes per day and the DMFT index with a p value = 0.029. The present study shows that there is a correlation between the number of brushes per day and the DMFT index.

Dental and periodontal disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

ObjectivesAlthough bowel symptoms are often predominant, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients can have several oral manifestations. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) compared to an age and gender-matched control group of patients without IBD.Material and methodsThe DMFT (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) scores and the DPSI (Dutch Periodontal Screening Index) of 229 IBD patients were retrieved from the electronic health record patient database axiUm at the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) and were compared to the DMFT scores and DPSI from age and gender-matched non-IBD patients from the same database.ResultsThe total DMFT index was significantly higher in the IBD group compared to the control group. When CD and UC were analyzed separately, a statistically significant increased DMFT index was observed in CD patients but not in UC patients. The DPSI did not differ significantly between the IBD and non-IBD groups for each of the sextants. However, in every sextant, IBD patients were more frequently edentulous compared to the control patients.ConclusionCD patients have significantly more dental health problems compared to a control group. Periodontal disease did not differ significantly between IBD and non-IBD groups as determined by the DPSI.Clinical relevanceIt is important that IBD patients and physicians are instructed about the correlation between their disease and oral health problems. Strict oral hygiene and preventive dental care such as more frequent checkups should be emphasized by dental clinicians.

Assessment of oral health and care in head and neck oncology patients in King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center-Jeddah

ObjectivesTo assess oral hygiene indices, dental status, and oral health practices among head and neck cancer patients at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC)-Jeddah. Materials and MethodsThe charts of 117 patients with head and neck cancer were reviewed to identify the decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index, calculus index (CI), gingival index (MGI), and oral hygiene index. The type of cancer, other systemic diseases, and sex data were extracted from the records and analyzed using SPSS statistical software for descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Spearman correlation statistical analyses. ResultsThe total mean DMFT index was 14.33. The significant caries index (SiC) for the studied sample was 25.87. Men had a mean DMFT of 14.11 (SD 9.8). The mean DMFT index for women was 14.63 (SD 9.7). The DMFT score for patients with systemic disease was 17.47 (SD 9.9). Patients with no other diseases had a mean DMFT score of 12.82 (SD 9.3). The DMFT index was not significantly different between men and women (p = 0.925). One-way ANOVA (F = 1.729) revealed no significant difference (p = 0.110) between DMFT scores according to the location of the cancer. DMFT with systemic disease showed no significant difference (p = 0.6) in comparison to patients without systemic disease.The Spearman rho statistic revealed no correlation between the DMFT score and CI (p = 0.383). ConclusionsThe total DMFT score was 14.33. The total SiC was 25.87. The DMFT scores of men and women were not significantly different. Cancer location and presence or absence of systemic diseases did not affect the DMFT score. The DMFT score and CI were not correlated, but a correlation was found between the DMFT score and MGI and the oral hygiene index.

Dental Caries in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Korea.

BackgroundDental caries is the most prevalent chronic infectious oral disease of multifactorial etiology. Increased risk of dental caries development in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis has been frequently reported. In contrast, only a few studies on dental caries in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have been reported.ObjectiveWe investigated the association between AD and dental caries development in an adult population in the Republic of Korea.MethodsA total of 21,606 adults who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional survey between 2010 and 2015, were included in the study. Multiple logistic regression analyses with confounder adjustment suggested odds ratios (ORs) to identify the possible association between AD and decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) experience compared to non-AD participants. Multiple Poisson regression analyses estimated the mean ratio of the DMFT index according to the presence of AD.ResultsAfter adjusting for various confounding factors, the prevalence of DMFT was significantly associated with AD (OR, 1.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08~2.29; p=0.017). In addition, the mean value of the DMFT index was significantly different between the AD and non-AD groups (mean ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00~1.14; p=0.046).ConclusionAD was significantly associated with the development of dental caries. Dermatologists should be aware of the dental manifestations of AD patients and recommend regular dental check-ups for the early detection of caries.

Oral health status of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in two hospitals of Yaoundé Cameroon: A comparative study

Background: Liver cirrhosis is an ultimate complication of all chronic liver diseases. The oral cavity especially the periodontium is affected by malnutrition, coagulation disorders, immunodeficiency which are some of the main features present in patients with liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of oral pathologies in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in two hospitals of Yaoundé Cameroon. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and analytical study comparing the oral health status of decompensated liver cirrhotic patients in Yaoundé with sex and age (±3 years) matched healthy controls from the same area. We enrolled patients with liver cirrhosis (Child Pugh score greater than or equal to 7) and their corresponding healthy controls. For each participant, socio-demographic data, clinical data on liver cirrhosis and on oral examination were collected. Oral examination evaluated the level of oral hygiene, gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and Clinical attachment loss (CAL), determined and identified oral mucosal lesions. The mean Decayed-Missing-Filled-Teeth (DMFT) index and prevalence of dental caries were also determined. The groups were then compared with regards to periodontal oral mucosal and dental variables using chi square test and Mantel – Haenszel odds ratio was used to determine the strength of association between decompensated liver cirrhosis and oral pathologies. The student‘s T-test was used to compare mean values of quantitative variables. A p-value ˂ 0.05 was statistically significant. Results: We included a total of 80 participants among which 40 liver cirrhotic patients and 40 sex and age (±3 years) matched controls. The mean age was 50.0(±19.0) years for the cases and 52.4(±17.9) years for the healthy controls. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) were the main aetiology of liver cirrhosis representing 42.5% and 30% respectively and Child Pugh class B (65% of cases) was the most represented stage of the disease. A number of past bucco-dental consultations was significantly less frequent in the cases than the controls (09 versus 18, p = 0.03). Over 80% of cases used an inappropriate brushing technique compared to 60% of controls and 55% of cases used toothbrushes and toothpaste compared to 85% controls (p=0.09). A frequency of brushing at least twice daily was 42.5% in cases compared to 55% in controls (p=0.19). Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis had a significantly greater prevalence of periodontal disease than the controls (95% versus 77.5%, p = 0.013). In addition, they had greater mean PI (1.8(±0.7) versus 1.6(±0.5), p = 0.182), mean GI index (1.9(±0.8) versus 1.3(±0.64), p = 0.004) and periodontal recession (77.5% versus 47.5%). Oral mucosal lesions and salivary lesions were more frequent in cirrhotic patients than in the healthy controls. These lesions include xerostomia (45% versus 17.5%, p ˂0.001), oral candidiasis (7.5% versus 0%, p = 0.120), lichen planus (17.5% versus 2.5%, p = 0.028), petechiae (57.5% versus 5%, p ˂ 0.001), halitosis (50% versus 7.5%, p ˂0.001) and sialadenitis (17.5% versus 0%, p = 0.006). Higher prevalence’s of dental and mean DMFT index were found in cases than in controls. Factors associated with the development of oral pathologies in decompensated cirrhotic patients were oral consultations (p = 0.046), presence of cytolysis (OR = 2.58, p = 0.042) and inadequate brushing technique (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of oral pathologies is higher in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis than corresponding age-sex matched healthy controls.

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Liver Failure Patients Measured by OHIP-14 and GOHAI.

Background Oro-dental diseases are prevalent in chronic liver failure (CLF) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life associated with oral health in candidates for liver transplant surgery. Materials and Methods The demographic information of 105 end-stage liver cirrhotic patients was collected. All patients were ordered a panoramic view for pretransplant dental evaluation. The DMFT (decayed-missing-filled tooth) index was calculated for dental examination. The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) was used for the severity of liver disease. The OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile) questionnaire and GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) questionnaire were applied to evaluate the impact of oral disease on the quality of life. Results A total of 79 patients thoroughly completed the questionnaires; 79.7% were male, 32.9% were over 50, and 25.3% were less than 30 years old. Further, 12.7% smoked, 2.5% were illiterate, 64.6% had not finished school, and 10.1% had university degrees. Almost half of the cirrhotic patients were suffering from the disease for more than 3 years. Most complaints reported by the patients as “very often” were becoming self-conscious (13.9%) and being uncomfortable when eating any foods (13.9%) followed by feeling tense (12.8%). There was no significant difference between gender, smoking, age, and MELD score based on quality of life (OHIP and GOHAI) (P > 0.05). The level of education (P = 0.020), duration of disease (P = 0.017), and DMFT index (P = 0.039) had a significant impact on oral health-related quality of life in CLF patients. An inverse relationship was seen between the DMFT index and the quality of life. Conclusion Oral health has a high impact on the quality of life of cirrhotic patients. The psychological dimension of oral health is the most debilitating factor affecting the quality of life. This shows the importance of professional oral care, oral health, and self-care education in this group of patients.

Age, period and cohort trends in oral health status in South Korean adults.

The purpose of this study was to identify the age, period and cohort effects on the changes in oral health status in South Koreans. The age, period and cohort analysis (APC analysis) of the oral health status was conducted using an aggregated age-by-time period table. The age-by-time period table was formulated using data from the Korea National Oral Health Survey (KNOHS) 2000 and 2006, and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010 and 2015. Two oral health outcomes were measured: the number of teeth and Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Descriptive analysis by graphical representation and partial least square (PLS) regression was used for APC analysis. Both graphical description and PLS regression showed age and cohort effects in oral health status with the number of teeth decreasing and the DMFT index increasing with age. No period effects were found in either index. The number of teeth increased in the recent birth cohorts. However, the DMFT index showed a reverse J-shaped trend, which worsened in recent birth cohorts. The DMFT index increase in the recent cohort was mainly attributed by an increase in the FT index. The effects of age on the number of teeth and caries highlight the importance of oral health in adulthood. The increased caries experience in recent cohorts may indicate the limitations of the current oral health policy. It would be relevant to explore what determinants cause the changes in oral health status. Future oral health policies should address the new directions to reduce the burden of oral diseases.

Comparison of Salivary pH Among Smokers and Non- Smokers by Keeping DMFT at Unity

Objective: To evaluate the effects of smoking on salivary pH and compare it among smokers and non-smokers while keeping DMFT (Decayed Missing Filled Teeth) index at unity. Study Design and Setting: Cross sectional study carried out among young male undergraduate students with age range of 19-25 years at Army Medical College (Rawalpindi) over a period of 2 months from 1st January to 1st March 2018. Methodology: The sample size was 58; from which equally 29 were smokers and 29 were non-smokers. Sample size was calculated by WHO sample size calculator. Unstimulated saliva using a simple drooling method was used to collect in a sterile container from each of the subject. The pH was assessed by using a portable KETOTEK digital pH meter. DMFT was recorded by using dental mirrors and probes under illumination of dental unit. All the readings, along with demographic data were entered in performa. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Mean salivary pH between the study groups was compared using Independent sample t test. P<0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Total of the 58 study subjects, 29 were smokers and 29 were non-smokers. Mean salivary pH of the whole study sample was 7.2±0.45. A statistically significant difference was observed between smokers and non-smokers; whereas smoker’s salivary pH was significantly lower than that of non-smoker’s (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the mean salivary pH levels decreases with tobacco consumption in smoked form

Do chronotype differences and night eating syndrome affect dental health?

Our aim in this study was to examine the effect of chronotype differences and night eating syndrome on dental health parameters such as the decay-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index, the severity of the periodontal disease and the number of endodontically treated teeth in patients admitted to the dental clinic. The participants, 210 patients, filled out a package of psychological tools, including the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Afterwards, the DMFT index scores, the severity of the periodontal disease and the number of endodontically treated teeth of patients were recorded simultaneously with a routine dental examination. Findings show that the ISI and NEQ scores were significantly higher in the evening-type individuals (E-types) than in the morning-type individuals, and there was no significant difference between the chronotypes in terms of the number of endodontically treated teeth and the DMFT scores. In ordinal regression analyses, not brushing teeth (OR 7.94, CI 6.40-9.85), increased number of decayed teeth (OR 1.16, CI 1.13-1.19) and decreased MEQ scores (OR 0.95, CI 0.94-0.95) were statistically significant predictors for periodontal disease. Although there was no correlation between chronotype differences and the DMFT index, and the number of endodontically treated teeth, E-types had a higher risk of periodontal disease severity.

ASSOCIATION OF PERSONALITY TRAITS WITH ORAL HEALTH STATUS

Personality trait refers to individual’s characteristics or pattern of behaviour and is proposed to have influence on oral health. We aimed to assess the relationship of personality traits with the oral health status. The Big Five Inventory was used to assess the personality trait. Oral Hygiene Index - Simplified (OHI-S) and DMFT (Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth) index was used to assess the oral health. The study showed negative correlation between OHI/DMFT scores with personality traits like Extraversion and Conscientiousness. This indicates that few personality traits have better oral health status and hence special care would be required in other types of personalities.

Evaluation of Some Caries-Related Factors in the Saliva of 3-5 Year Old Children in Sari, Northern Iran

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases in pre-school children. Several factors can affect caries process. Aim of this study was comparison of some of the chemical properties of saliva such as total antioxidant capacity, total protein, pH, nitric oxide level in caries free (CF), and caries active (CA) children. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional based study was designed with random selection of 80 healthy population including 40 CF and 40 CA children (3-5 years old) from several public kindergartens in Sari, Iranin 2019. Caries status was assessed using DMFT (Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth) index according to WHO criteria. Un-stimulated saliva samples were collected from children in the morning. Then, several caries-related factors including total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide, total protein concentration and pH were assessed in saliva samples. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0. Results: Significant higher total antioxidant capacity and total protein concentration were observed in the saliva of CA than in the CF children. On the other hand, nitric oxide level was markedly lower in CA samples. In addition, a decrease in pH of saliva was observed in CA children. Conclusion Based on the results, increase in the total antioxidant capacity and total protein as well as decrease in nitric oxide levels in the saliva of CA children can be considered as valuable evidence of dental caries occurrence among children.

Exploring the cost-effectiveness of child dental caries prevention programmes. Are we comparing apples and oranges?

Exploring the cost-effectiveness of child dental caries prevention programmes. Are we comparing apples and oranges?

Oral disorders in children with Prader-Willi syndrome: a case control study

IntroductionPrader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder caused by the lack of expression of certain paternal genes located on chromosome 15q11-q13. This anomaly causes cognitive, neurological and endocrine abnormalities, among which one of the most important is hyperphagia. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health of children with PWA and to establish preventive criteria.ResultsThirty patients with PWS (mean age 10.2 years) and 30 age- and gender-matched controls were included in the study. Twenty-six patients with PWS(86.6%) followed dietary treatment prescribed by their endocrinologist. Individuals with PWS had a mean caries index of 53.3% and Decayed Missing Filled teeth (DMFT) index 2.5, and 53.3% had gingivitis, in the control group the respective figures were 43.3%, 0.93, and 60%. Only the DMFT index (p 0.017) presented significant differences. Regarding stimulated salivary secretion, patients with PWS presented a mean of 0.475 ml/min with a pH of 6.15, while controls presented a mean of 0.848 ml/min with a pH of 7.53; the differences between the groups were statistically significant in both cases (p 0.032 and p 0.0001 respectively). The population with PWS presented a higher plaque index (> 2) than their healthy peers, but the differences were not significant.ConclusionPediatric patients with Prader-Willi syndrome have an increased risk of caries and gingivitis. The children with this syndrome have a decreased salivary flow and a more acidic salivary pH. In these patients, dental care is an essential part of their multidisciplinary medical treatment.

Investigation of Oral Health Status (DMFT-index) among 3–6 Years Old Children in Ilam (Western Iran), 2015

Today, tooth decay is considered as one of the most common infectious diseases in developing countries such as Iran and considering this concept is among the World Health Organization programs in the field of prevention of chronic diseases and promoting health. The mean of primary tooth decay in children under 6 years is equal to 5 in Iran; however, the present study suggests this is 7, indicating an undesirable situation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health status in terms of decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) for 3-6 year-old children at health care centers of Ilam. In this cross-sectional study, 100 (female and male) children aged 3-6 years referring to urban health care centers were selected for the study. These children's background information was collected using a questionnaire. The DMFT index was used to determine the primary teeth health status. Data obtained was analyzed using independent t-test, Spearman correlation test, and chi-square test. The mean and standard deviation of the DMFT index for all children was 4.13±7.32. The results obtained by independent t-test showed no significant difference between both genders. Chi-square test was used to examine the DMFT index in both female and male children. Regarding the primary teeth for female and male genders, the highest and the lowest DMFT frequencies were associated with decayed teeth (94) and filled teeth (4), respectively. Ten percent of boys and 2 of girls have DMFT=0(caries free: CF); and 12 percent of boys and 22 percent of girls also have DMFT≥10 (Rampant caries), respectively. The DMFT index for the study participants was not approximately close to DMFT index reported by the World Health Organization. Hence, it seems that the promoting the knowledge of oral health care providers to inform parents of young children is of paramount importance. © RJPT All right reserved.