Debris Flow Monitoring System Research Articles

An Efficient In-Situ Debris Flow Monitoring System over a Wireless Accelerometer Network

Debris flow disasters pose a serious threat to public safety in many areas all over the world, and it may cause severe consequences, including losses, injuries, and fatalities. With the emergence of deep learning and increased computation powers, nowadays, machine learning methods are being broadly acknowledged as a feasible solution to tackle the massive data generated from geo-informatics and sensing platforms to distill adequate information in the context of disaster monitoring. Aiming at detection of debris flow occurrences in a mountainous area of Sakurajima, Japan, this study demonstrates an efficient in-situ monitoring system which employs state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to exploit continuous monitoring data collected by a wireless accelerometer sensor network. Concretely, a two-stage data analysis process had been adopted, which consists of anomaly detection and debris flow event identification. The system had been validated with real data and generated favorable detection precision. Compared to other debris flow monitoring system, the proposed solution renders a batch of substantive merits, such as low-cost, high accuracy, and fewer maintenance efforts. Moreover, the presented data investigation scheme can be readily extended to deal with multi-modal data for more accurate debris monitoring, and we expect to expend addition sensory measurements shortly.

Design of Remote Acquisition System for Debris Flow Data Based on STM32

Manual monitoring of debris flow is now widely used with the limitations of time-consuming, hardworking and poor reliability. To avoid these shortcomings, a remote automatic debris flow monitoring system based on STM32 is proposed. Adopting modular design, the system takes STM32 as the control core, uses AD8275 to adjust the acquisition signal, and chooses the high precision A/D converter ADS1256 to convert analog to 24bit digital signal which will be transmitted to remote control terminal via the 3G wireless communication network. Finally, the UM220 GPS module is used to correct time and monitor multiple network devices. Test result shows that the system, with high stability and a strong popularization value can achieve sampling accuracy of 0.1%.

Debris flow and Lava dome monitoring system in Mizunashi-river

Debris flow and Lava dome monitoring system in Mizunashi-river

Recent debris flows in the Portainé catchment (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain): analysis of monitoring and field data focussing on the 2015 event

During the night of the 21 August 2015, a debris flow took place in one of the presently most active ravines of the Pyrenees, the Portaine torrent (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain), and caused considerable damage to the road. Detailed information was gathered from the debris flow monitoring system recently installed in the torrent and field surveys. The monitoring system measures ground vibration at geophones and flow height at an ultrasonic sensor. Meteorological data showed that the debris flow was triggered by a convective rainstorm with a total rainfall amount of 29 mm. All these data provide information on the debris flow occurrence and dynamics. The analysis of the data showed that the debris flow had three different surges and mobilised a total volume of about 2130 m3. The front velocity in the monitoring reach was somewhat small (about 2 m/s) and the peak flow discharge comparatively low (about 13 m3/s). In addition, the debris flow was back-analysed by a numerical model calibrated by the observed event. The results of the simulation showed that a Voellmy fluid rheological model can represent considerably well the recorded and observed measurements, and the best-fit values were μ = 0.28 and C = 8 m0.5/s.

Outlining a stepwise, multi-parameter debris flow monitoring and warning system: an example of application in Aizi Valley, China

In recent years, the increasing frequency of debris flow demands enhanced effectiveness and efficiency of warning systems. Effective warning systems are essential not only from an economic point of view but are also considered as a frontline approach to alleviate hazards. Currently, the key issues are the imbalance between the limited lifespan of equipment, the relatively long period between the recurrences of such hazards, and the wide range of critical rainfall that trigger these disasters. This paper attempts to provide a stepwise multi-parameter debris flow warning system after taking into account the shortcomings observed in other warning systems. The whole system is divided into five stages. Different warning levels can be issued based on the critical rainfall thresholds. Monitoring starts when early warning is issued and it continues with debris flow near warning, triggering warning, movement warning and hazard warning stages. For early warning, historical archives of earthquake and drought are used to choose a debris flow-susceptible site for further monitoring. Secondly, weather forecasts provide an alert of possible near warning. Hazardous precipitation, model calculation and debris flow initiation tests, pore pressure sensors and water content sensors are combined to check the critical rainfall and to publically announce a triggering warning. In the final two stages, equipment such as rainfall gauges, flow stage sensors, vibration sensors, low sound sensors and infrasound meters are used to assess movement processes and issue hazard warnings. In addition to these warnings, community-based knowledge and information is also obtained and discussed in detail. The proposed stepwise, multi-parameter debris flow monitoring and warning system has been applied in Aizi valley China which continuously monitors the debris flow activities.

The Building of Debris Flow Monitoring and Warning System Based on Zigbee Protocol Using Multi-Sensor Technology

We built a monitor and warn system based on Multi - sensor network, which could monitor data in real time. In order to imitate scene of the monitor areas, we have built a sand table model according to topographic feature, it changed the traditional monitor methods. In this system, we not only designed the hardware, but also investigated the relationship between the sensor nodes distribution and areal geology. The designing methods and ideal of this system also could apply to environmental monitoring and forest fire prevention system.

Debris flow monitoring system and observed event in Taiwan: A case study at Aiyuzi River

Since 2002, the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, which is responsible for the conservation and administrative management of hillside in Taiwan, has been cooperating with Feng Chia University. Together, they have successfully carried out the establishment and maintenance of 13 fixed debris flow monitoring stations over the island and 2 mobile debris flow monitoring stations. During July 2004, a powerful southwest air current brought by Mindulle Typhoon caused serious flood in central and southern Taiwan. This paper aims to describe the establishment of debris flow monitoring systems in Taiwan and the observation of the debris flow event during Mindulle Typhoon at Aiyuzi River in Shenmu Village, Nantou County by the monitoring station.

Acoustic module of the Acquabona (Italy) debris flow monitoring system

Abstract. Monitoring of debris flows aimed to the assessment of their physical parameters is very important both for theoretical and practical purposes. Peak discharge and total volume of debris flows are crucial for designing effective countermeasures in many populated mountain areas where losses of lives and property damage could be avoided. This study quantifies the relationship between flow depth, acoustic amplitude of debris flow induced ground vibrations and front velocity in the experimental catchment of Acquabona, Eastern Dolomites, Italy. The analysis of data brought about the results described in the following. Debris flow depth and amplitude of the flow-induced ground vibrations show a good positive correlation. Estimation of both mean front velocity and peak discharge can be simply obtained monitoring the ground vibrations, through geophones installed close to the flow channel; the total volume of debris flow can be so directly estimated from the integral of the ground vibrations using a regression line. The application of acoustic technique to debris flow monitoring seems to be of the outmost relevance in risk reduction policies and in the correct management of the territory. Moreover this estimation is possible in other catchments producing debris flows of similar characteristics by means of their acoustic characterisation through quick and simple field tests (Standard Penetration Tests and seismic refraction surveys).

Development of a remotely controlled debris flow monitoring system in the Dolomites (Acquabona, Italy)

AbstractDirect measurements of the hydrological conditions for the occurrence of debris flows and of flow behaviour are of the outmost importance for developing effective flow prevention techniques. An automated and remotely controlled monitoring system was installed in Acquabona Creek in the Dolomites, Italian Eastern Alps, where debris flows occur every year. Its present configuration consists of three on‐site stations, located in the debris‐flow initiation area, in the lower channel and in the retention basin. The monitoring system is equipped with sensors for measuring rainfall, pore‐water pressure in the mobile channel bottom, ground vibrations, debris flow depth, total normal stress and fluid pore‐pressure at the base of the flow. Three video cameras take motion pictures of the events at the initiation zone, in the lower channel and in the deposition area. Data from the on‐site stations are radio‐transmitted to an off‐site station and stored in a host PC, from where they are telemetrically downloaded and used by the Padova University for the study of debris flows. The efficiency of the sensors and of the whole monitoring system has been verified by the analysis of data collected so far. Examples of these data are presented and briefly discussed. If implemented at the numerous debris‐flow sites in the Dolomitic Region, the technology used, derived from the development of this system, will provide civil defence and warn residents of impending debris flows. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.