Death In Indonesia Research Articles

Family support among patients with diabetic foot ulcer

Background: Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are a common cause of death in Indonesia, with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) being one of them. Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that occurs when the pancreas cannot produce insulin, or it is a chronic condition where the body cannot effectively use insulin, leading to increased blood glucose concentration or hyperglycemia, which is a characteristic of diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing year by year, causing serious health issues in both developed and developing countries.Purpose: To identify the relationship between family support and injury incidents in patients with DM in the working area of the Cibiru Community Health Center, Bandung City in 2023.Method: This study is correlational in nature, utilizing a quantitative method conducted analytically and observationally, with cross-sectoral data collection. Chi-square analysis using Bivariate Test was employed, with a total of 40 respondents.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 59.5 with a standard deviation of 8.108 in the range of 45-75 years. The age group of 46-60 years constituted 55.5%, while the age group of 60-75 years was 45.0%. About 82.5% had high family support, 12.5% had moderate family support, and 5% had low family support. The bivariate analysis yielded a p-value of 0.027 when correlated with the occurrence of injuries. Thus, there is a relationship between family support and injury incidents in diabetic patients.Conclusion: Family support significantly influences the management or care of DM patients to minimize the occurrence of injuries.

Klasifikasi Diabetes Menggunakan Algoritma Support Vector Machine Radial Basis Function

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease associated with high levels of sugar or glucose in the blood caused by pancreatic and insulin disorders. According to data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Diabetes is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia with a percentage of 6.7%. The high rate prompted this study to conduct early detection. One approach that has been widely used is the use of the Support Vector Machine algorithm in predictive modeling. The method was chosen because it was proven in previous studies to get quite high accuracy. Several preprocessing methods were performed to prepare the data for the classification process. The data used involved parameters such as pregnancy, glucose, blood pressure, skin thickness, insulin, weight, heredity, and age. Based on experimental results in ongoing system testing, the maximum performance result is 87% using SVM.

Determinants of early neonatal mortality: secondary analysis of the 2012 and 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey.

Most neonatal deaths occur during the first week of life (i.e., early neonatal deaths). In this analysis, we aimed to investigate the determinants of early neonatal deaths in a nationally representative sample of births in Indonesia over the five years before each survey. Data were obtained from the 2012 and 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), including information from 58,902 mothers of children aged <5 years of age. The outcome variable was early neonatal death (death of a newborn within the first six days of life). Explanatory variables were categorized into environmental, household, maternal, pregnancy, childbirth, and child characteristics. Multivariate regression methods were employed for analysis. Increased odds of early neonatal deaths were associated with mothers who lacked formal education or had incomplete primary schooling (adjusted odd ratio [OR] = 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-5.01), worked outside the house in agricultural (aOR = 5.94, 95% CI: 3.09-11.45) or non-agricultural field (aOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.88-4.72), and were required to make a joint decision about health care with their partner or another household member (aOR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.12-2.84). Increased odds were also observed in smaller-than-average infants, particularly those who received low-quality antenatal care services (aOR = 9.10, 95% CI: 5.04-16.41) and those whose mothers had delivery complications (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.10-2.68) or who were delivered by cesarean section (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.07-2.82). Furthermore, male infants showed higher odds than female infants (aOR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.23-2.76). A multifaceted approach is essential for curtailing early neonatal mortality in Indonesia. Enabling workplace policies, promoting women's empowerment, strengthening the health system, and improving the uptake of high-quality antenatal care services are among the critical steps toward preventing early neonatal deaths in Indonesia.

PENGETAHUAN DENGAN SIKAP IBU HAMIL PRIMIGRAVIDA TENTANG TANDA BAHAYA KEHAMILAN

The number of maternal deaths collected from family health program records at the Ministry of Health increases every year. In 2021 there were 7,389 deaths in Indonesia. This number shows an increase compared to 2020 of 4,627. Pregnancy danger signs are signs that indicate dangers that may occur during pregnancy or the antenatal period, which if not reported or detected could lead to maternal death. Pregnant women need good knowledge about danger signs in pregnancy. If pregnant women know about the danger signs in pregnancy, mothers can plan their pregnancy well and immediately go to a health worker if it is a high-risk pregnancy. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between primigravida pregnant women's knowledge about the danger signs of pregnancy in the working area of the Pratama Afiyah Pekanbaru clinic in 2023. This type of research is quantitative with a cross sectional research design. The population of this study was 85 people with a sample of 70 respondents. Sampling used a non-probability sampling technique using a purposive sampling method. Data processing was carried out univariately and bivariately using the Chi-square test. From the research results, a P - value &lt; α was obtained, namely (0.000 &lt; α 0.5). So Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between knowledge and the attitude of primigravida pregnant women regarding the danger signs of pregnancy in the Pratama Afiyah Pekanbaru Clinic working area in 2023. It is hoped that the research site in the Pratama Afiyah Pekanbaru Clinic Working Area will be able to increase education and socialization about the signs. danger in pregnancy

Success Rate of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on Elderly Patients in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya

Highlights: CABG is the most performed cardiac surgery in Indonesia, and most patients undergoing this surgery are above 60 years old. CABG success rate is not significantly influenced solely by the patient’s age but also by several perioperative characteristics such as gender, comorbidities, and other variables included in the calculation of EuroSCORE II. Abstract Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) causes more than a quarter of deaths in Indonesia and is found to be more prevalent in the elderly (≥60 years old). Treatment includes coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the most-performed cardiac surgery in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the short-term and one-year postoperative success, morbidity, and mortality rates with their causes in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study using secondary data obtained from 85 medical records of CABG patients aged ≥60 years old in the Department of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, from January 2018 to December 2020. Aside from descriptive statistics, logistic regression was conducted to assess the relationship between EuroSCORE II and the success of CABG in elderly patients. Results: Patients were mostly male in their sixties with a mean of 65.5 ± 4.9 years old, had three-vessel disease, and had a predicted mortality rate of 1.6%. The average number of grafts used was 3.3 ± 0.7, and the average length of hospital stay was 7.4 ± 2.4 days. The morbidity rate was 71.8%, with bleeding as the most common complication, a 17.6% mortality rate with septic shock as the most frequent cause, and a success rate of 82.4% (short-term) and 80% (one-year postoperative). Higher EuroSCORE II was found to significantly decrease the probability of both short-term and one-year postoperative success. Conclusion: The success rates of CABG in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, were 82.4% (short-term) and 80% (one-year postoperative), negatively correlated with EuroSCORE II.

The Probability of Stroke Based on Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) using the Framingham Risk Score Method in Hospital

Stroke is the main cause of death in Indonesia. Identification of stroke risk factors can use the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS). Researchers have designed and developed a CDSS using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) method to identify stroke in patients. The study aims to identify stroke risk factors using CDSS with the Framingham Risk Score method in dr Soebandi Hospital.This research was an analytic observational study using secondary data from medical record documents of neurology patients. . The sampling technique used was incidental sampling that met the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria used in selecting medical records were medical records that had complete data regarding gender, age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL, smoking behavior, history of diabetes mellitus, and the patient's stroke incidence thus obtaining 14 patient medical records.. Data were analyzed using the FRS method. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there were 8 patients with high risk and 6 patients with low risk. However, further research needs to be carried out on the relationship between variables so that they can contribute in more detail to efforts to reduce the prevalence of stroke in society.

Effervescent Formulation of Oil Palm Leaf Extract as a Free Radical Scavenger

Non-communicable diseases have become the leading cause of death in Indonesia, accounting for approximately 69% of deaths in 2023. Various health disorders, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, hypertension, and heart disease, are linked to oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chemical treatments often have side effects and high costs, prompting many to turn to natural remedies. One preventive measure against ROS is consuming natural foods rich in antioxidants, such as oil palm leaf extract. This study uses the roller slugging compaction method to transform oil palm leaf extract into effervescent tablets. Palm oil leaf extract has been prepared in 2 different sources ( 1st and 17th leaf) to assess percent inhibition. The experimental results showed that the 17th leaf extract had the highest antioxidant activity value (IC50 = 20.35). Then, the 17th palm oil leaf extract was used in effervescent tablet formulations. The results obtained indicate that formulation 1, consisting of 0.5 grams of oil palm leaf extract, 0.195 grams of citric acid, 0.2925 grams of tartaric acid, 0.4875 grams of NaHCO3, 0.975 grams of maltodextrin, and 0.05 grams of PVP, is the best formula for oil palm leaf extract effervescent tablets. This formulation demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 30.22), consistent with its total phenolic content (394.451 mg GAE/mL).

Addressing Indonesia’s biggest road safety challenge: Reducing motorcycle deaths

Motorcyclists are the largest contributor to road fatalities in Indonesia, with the main causal factors found to be speeding and not wearing a helmet. One of the most efficient ways to reduce road deaths in Indonesia would be to reduce speeding behaviour and increase helmet wearing by strengthening speed and helmet wearing enforcement combined with education. Stronger enforcement combined with education have been shown to be highly effective in reducing fatalities in other countries. This study assesses the benefits of stronger enforcement on speed limit and helmet wearing. It also explores what are the most effective strategies to strengthen enforcement using fixed and mobile speed cameras, point to point speed cameras and AI technology that can be used to enforce helmet wearing rates. The paper concludes with an estimation of the potential benefits if such stronger enforcement were implemented in Indonesia.

Faktor Prediktor Ketercapaian Target Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping

Hypertension is a disease that ranks third as the cause of death in Indonesia and Yogyakarta is in third place. Many factors that affect achieving blood pressure targets, such as age, comorbidities, gender, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive drug regimens are significantly associated with increased blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to describe using antihypertensive drugs and risk factors for achieving blood pressure targets in outpatient hypertension patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital, Yogyakarta. This research is a non-experimental research by designing analytical descriptive research. Data collection was carried out retrospectively from medical records of outpatient hypertension patients from January to July 2019. Data were collected by purposive sampling. The sample in this study was obtained as many as 103 patients. The data were analyzed descriptively to see the pattern of use of antihypertensive drugs and the percentage of achievement of blood pressure targets. The relationship between age, comorbidities, gender, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive drug regimen with achieving blood pressure targets was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results Based on the study, it was found that 42% of patients had achieved the blood pressure target based on Joint National Committee (JNC) VIII. Patients who received antihypertensive monotherapy were 33% and antihypertensive combinations were 67%. The most common monotherapy was Calcium Chanel Blocker (17.48%) while the most common antihypertensive combination was Angiotensin Receptor Blocker and Calcium Channel Blocker (30.10%). There was a significant relationship between age, comorbidities, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive drug regimen on achieving blood pressure targets (p&lt;0.05). The predictor factors that significantly influence achieving blood pressure targets in hypertensive patients are age, comorbidities, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive therapy regiment

Random State Initialized Logistic Regression for Improved Heart Attack Prediction

One of the primary causes of death in Indonesia is heart attacks. Therefore, an effective method of pre-diction is required to determine whether a patient is experiencing a heart attack. One efficient approach is to use machine learning models. However, it is still rare to find machine learning models that have good performance in predicting heart attacks. This study aims to develop a machine learning model on Logistic Regression algorithm in predicting heart attack. Logistic Regression is one of the machine learning meth-ods that can be used to study the relationship between a binary response variable [0,1] and a set of pre-dictor variables, and can be used directly to calculate probabilities. In this study, a random state is ini-tialized in the Logistic Regression model in order to stabilize the training of the machine learning model and increase the precision of the proposed method. The results of this study show that the proposed model can be a method that has good performance in predicting heart attack disease.

Risk Factors Of Stroke: Literature Review

Background: Stroke is the most common cause of disease in the world and is the highest cause of death in Indonesia, so prevention is very important to minimise the incidence of stroke. The most appropriate effort to prevent stroke is to control stroke risk factors. The purpose of the literature review is to analyse the risk factors associated with stroke events in patients. Methods: The method used is a literature review using a journal database from Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. In the 2019-2023 range, with the keywords "stroke, factors causing stroke", and stroke, 220 articles were obtained Results: Search for articles according to the criteria and obtain ten articles that are ready to be reviewed. These articles explain the risk factors for stroke. It is hoped that stroke patients will try to control stroke risk factors Conclusion: This literature review shows that the risk factors for stroke are increasing due to a history of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, age, gender, high cholesterol, obesity, lack of public knowledge about stroke and consumption of alcohol, smoking and drugs, including a lifestyle

Relationship of Knowledge About Cervical Cancer and PAP SMEAR with Early Detection Behavior of PAP SMEAR

&lt;div&gt;&lt;table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left" valign="top"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia. Cervical cancer is usually only diagnosed when the cancer has entered an advanced stage. So the need for early detection as an effort to prevent cervical cancer. One of the most effective and commonly used methods to detect cervical cancer is Pap smear. The purpose of this study was to see the relationship between knowledge about cervical cancer and Pap smear with Pap smear early detection behavior. This study used analytic method with quantitative approach. The population of this study were all married women in Pancoran District, South Jakarta. Then, consecutive non-random sampling technique was used and 153 respondents were obtained with a questionnaire as a tool to obtain research data. Data collection was carried out from September to November 2023. Followed by analysis with the Chi-Square test using SPSS. Based on the results of the study, 58.2% of respondents have good knowledge and 72.5% of respondents have not done Pap smear examination from 158 respondents, there is no significant relationship between knowledge about cervical cancer and Pap smear with Pap smear early detection behavior (p-value=0.093). The conclusion of this study is that there is no relationship between knowledge about cervical cancer and Pap smear with early detection behavior of Pap smear in Pancoran District, South Jakarta. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;For further research, it is recommended to provide insight into cervical cancer in depth so that readers are aware of the importance of early detection of cervical cancer&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keyword: Cervival cancer, Knowledge, Pap smear&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;

GERAKAN POJOK PROMKES REMAJA SEHAT DAN PRODUKTIF DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR DI KELURAHAN LEGOK DANAU SIPIN KOTA JAMBI

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the highest cause of death in Indonesia. The development of NCDs is increasing due to trends and shifts in disease patterns. Adolescents are at risk of developing NCDs due to risky behavior in unhealthy living habits, such as smoking, alcohol, drugs, unhealthy reproduction and eating patterns, and lack of physical activity. Mitra Ayu District Health Center's priority problem is the high number of NCDs such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cholesterol and high blood pressure. Partner location data includes teenagers who use drugs, smoke, drink alcohol and marry early. The aim of community service is to increase teenagers' knowledge using poster media containing health material which is stored in a QR barcode link, posted in public places such as schools, village heads' offices, babinsa, motorbike taxi bases, health centers, and in residents' homes. At any time, residents who want to read can scan where posters and health educational videos will appear that can be read with ever-increasing material. The activities carried out in community service are gymnastics together with physical activities, planting toga, health checks namely blood pressure, sugar, cholesterol, together with 5 health program students carrying out health education about drugs, smoking, reproductive organs and the impact of free sex. Education in partnership with BNN, Putri Ayu Community Health Center midwives. Processing fish resources, making crispy ikan bilis and making compost from water hyacinth leaves in partnership with UKM Paddle Habibah. To measure the success of measuring instrument education, it is done through the pre-test and post-test stages using a knowledge variable questionnaire with a target of 200 respondents, carried out between January and October 2023. The results of the education were an increase in mean pre-test knowledge (6.92) and mean post-test (13.97), an increase in scores. knowledge of 7.05. It is recommended that sub-districts continue physical activities every Sunday together at the sub-district head's office, that the Community Health Center facilitate regular health checks so that NCDs are detected, the community is aware and willing to monitor healthy behavior by always reading the material on the PTM barcodes that have been posted in public places. , UKM Dayung Habibah can continue making crispy ikan bilis to improve the family economy, as well as developing more modern composting for water hyacinth raw materials.

PENGARUH EDUKASI MEDIA BOOKLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN KELUARGA TENTANG DETEKSI DINI STROKE

ABSTRACT&#x0D; &#x0D; Background: Stroke is a health problem that needs attention because stroke is the number one cause of death in the world (200 per 100,000 population in one year) and the highest cause of death in Indonesia (500,000 people with 125,000 deaths and the rest are disabled), caused by delays instroke treatment in the prehospital phase (83,9%) due to a lack of knowledge in the community, especially families, about early detection of strike. Steps that can be taken to increase knowledge include conducting education using booklet media. A booklet is a medium that can be used to convey information in the form of a book containing writing and pictures.&#x0D; Purpose: To determine the effect of education using booklet media on family knowledge about early stroke detection. Method: This type of quantitative research uses Pre-experimental design with the One-Group Pretest-Postest design approach. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique of 59 respondents, namely families with a high risk of stroke in the working area of the Nagaswidak Health Center. The study used an instrument of knowledge about early stroke detection with as many as 20 questions that had been tested for validity and reliability at the Pembiuna Palembang Health Center. The data obtained were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The results of the analysis on the knowledge variable obtained showed that the value of knowledge before education was a median of 11 with a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 18, and the value of knowledge after educationwas median of 15 with a minimum value of 8 and a maximum value of 20. The results of the data analysis with the Wilcoxon test obtained a p-value of 0.000 (&lt;0.05). Conclusion: there is an effect of health education using booklet media on family knowledge about early stroke detection. Suggestions for future researchers to be able to carry out further research that focuses on the ability of families to carry out early detection of stroke with the demonstration method.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keyword: Education, Early Stroke Detection, Booklet Media, Knowledge

The Relationship Of Clean Water And Environmental Sanitation To The Incident Of Diarrhea: Systematic Review

Indonesia is one of the developing countries that experiences diarrhea problems. This is because of its high morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea is an endemic disease that has the potential to cause Extraordinary Events (KLB) which are often accompanied by death in Indonesia. Most diarrheal diseases can be prevented through safe drinking water and adequate sanitation and hygiene. This study aims to determine the relationship between environmental sanitation and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. This research uses a systematic review method (Systematic Review) which is a research method for identifying, evaluating, and interpreting research results that are relevant to a particular research topic, or phenomenon that is the focus of the research. The results of this research show that there is a relationship between environmental sanitation such as the physical quality of water, ownership of a toilet, type of floor in the house, and the incidence of diarrhea. It is hoped that after this research is carried out, mothers and health policy stakeholders such as the health department and community health centers can improve residential environmental health programs to have physically clean water quality and good environmental sanitation. Keywords: Environmental Sanitation, Diarrhea, Toddlers, Systematic Review

Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and n-Hexane Kluwak (Pangium edule) Extract on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Introduction: Breast cancer occurs quite high and is one of the main causes of death in Indonesia and the world. Current treatment for cancer is expensive and has varying degrees of success and can cause side effects for patients. Kluwak (Pangium edule), whose reseach is still limited has the potential to be used as an alternative treatment for breast cancer. Methods: Kluwak powder was macerated using three different types of solvents to obtain ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract and n-hexane kluwak extract. Phytochemical tests and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were carried out to determine the type and amount of phytochemical components of kluwak extract. The antioxidant activity of kluwak extract was tested using the DPPH method and the cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells was determined using the MTT test. Results: The phytochemical components contained in kluwak extract include flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids and glycosides. The ethanol extract of kluwak showed very weak antioxidant activity (IC50 = 26459 µg/ml), while the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts could not be determined. Ethyl acetate and n-hexane kluwak extracts also had a moderate cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 values respectively 132.79 µg/ml and 232.93 µg/ml while the ethanol extract had a weak cytotoxic effect with values IC50 667.91 µg/ml.Conclusion: Kluwak (Pangium edule) extract contains phytochemical compounds and cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, so it has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent in the management of breast cancer.

Development of SatuJantung 2.0 Revised Version Android Application for Cardiac Arrest Pre-Hospital Management

Cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death in Indonesia. Deaths can be prevented if symptoms are recognized early, and immediate assistance can be provided. An Android application called SatuJantung 2.0 was developed in 2018 and has been in use. However, during evaluation in implementation, it was found that the application is not compatible with the latest version of Android. An application revision is needed with newer features.The objective of this study is to develop a revised version of SatuJantung 2.0 with more advanced specifications. Methods used is action research, consist of 4 cycles: 1) Planning, 2) Action, 3) Observation, 4) Reflection.Final result of this study is an android application named SatuJantung 2.0 revised version. This application is developed in Bahasa Indonesia. This application has menu for login, registration, user profile, user status (based on analysis of user profile by risk calculator), user information, summary, emergency button, guidance for the first responders, sending WhatsApp message for the family/contact registered with the geotag location, and emergency call to ambulance.SatuJantung 2.0 revised version, named SatuJantung 2.5, provides an easy way for patients calculate the risk factors, get information about the disease and management, ask help in emergency situation, and guide first responders to do prehospital management in cardiac arrest case.

Empowerment of caregivers and families in making the elderly 'SEBASIS'; healthy free of tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is still a public health problem, and one of the biggest causes of death in Indonesia. According to BPS, the number of elderly people in 2022 is around 30 million people and in 2050 will increase by 74 million people. This demographic shift shows that the elderly are an age group that deserves attention, especially in terms of Health. The impact of the Covid 19 pandemic coupled with decreased endurance and lung capacity that is not optimal, can cause the elderly to be susceptible to tuberculosis. The team of lecturers and students of FKK UMJ seeks to prevent tuberculosis by providing special education for elderly companions or caregivers at the Tresna Werdha Budi Mulya 1 social institution in East Jakarta. The event includes pre-test, education on the prevention and diagnosis of tuberculosis in the elderly, and post-test. T test results obtained p-value of 0.000, with an increase in the average knowledge after education of 6.72. It can be stated that educational activities for caregivers provide a significant increase in knowledge.

Primer design and optimization of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for specific detection of genes isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains one of the leading causes of death in Indonesia. The limited diagnostic tools for TB, including Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB), contribute to the increasing number of cases. MDR-TB refers to TB strains resistant to Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs such as Isoniazid (INH). In response, the WHO has recommended the use of a rapid, equipment-free method called loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). This study aims to design primers and optimize the LAMP method for the detection of Isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis. The research integrates bioinformatics testing, laboratory experiments, and validation methods. The study successfully designed LAMP primers for detecting Isoniazid-resistant comprising three pairs of primers: F3, B3; FIP, BIP; and LF, LB. The optimization of the LAMP method involved temperature and time parameters. Five temperature treatments were tested, revealing an optimum temperature of 70°C. For time optimization, eight treatments were conducted, with an optimum time range of 25-30 minutes. The study concludes that the LAMP method differs from the PCR method due to the higher number of primers employed and LAMP requires only a single isothermal temperature. Additionally, the study achieved optimization of temperature and time for the LAMP method, facilitating the detection of Isoniazid-resistant MTB.

Behavior of Pregnant Women In Pregnancy Examinations In Manisa Village, Baranti District

The occurrence of maternal deaths is related to direct causal factors and indirect causes. The direct causes of maternal death in Indonesia are still dominated by factors. by bleeding, eclampsia, and infection, while the indirect factors causing maternal death are because there are still many cases, 3 too late and 4 too late, which are related to access, socio-cultural, educational and economic factors. This research uses a combination method with a sequential explanatory design. The first uses quantitative methods, and the second uses qualitative methods. A quantitative approach is used to identify and explain variables that influence behavior such as knowledge, attitudes, facilities and encouragement of officers. A qualitative approach is used to support and complement quantitative research results. The chi-square test shows that there is a significant relationship between knowledge, facilities and encouragement of health workers on the behavior of pregnant women in pregnancy checks. P value = 0.001. If the significance value is &lt;0.05, it is recognized that there is a statistically significant correlation. Meanwhile, attitudes show no statistical correlation. The logistic regression test shows that there is an influence between knowledge and facilities on the behavior of pregnant women. There are two substantial findings, namely regarding knowledge about antenatal care and the availability of facilities which influence the behavior of pregnant women in antenatal care.