Death In Indonesia Research Articles

Pancreatic Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Laboratory Tests

Pancreatic cancer is the eleventh cause of cancer death in Indonesia in 2020. However, pancreatic cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States after lung cancer. Although it is substantially less common than the other malignancies, pancreatic carcinoma is near the top of the list of killers because it is a highly aggressive cancer. Pancreatic cancer has multistep carcinogenesis, starting from the Pancreatic Intraductal Neoplasia (PanINs IA, IB, II, and III) and is ended with an invasive neoplastic lesion. The different incidence of pancreatic cancer between countries also shows the important role of environmental factors for the disease. A better understanding of the risk factors, genetics, molecular pathogenesis, symptoms associated with this disease, and the laboratory aspect is essential to inform both health professionals and the general population as the potential preventive and/or early detection measures.

Efektifitas Intervensi Multidomain terhadap Resiko Penyakit Kardiovaskular pada Pra-Lansia di Jawa Barat

Cardiovascular disease is the highest cause of death in Indonesia, which is also known as the “silent killer. However, research focused on preventing cardiovascular disease in the elderly is still very limited. In Indonesia, there is no multi-domain intervention using the internet that is intended to improve pre-elderly health.The aim of this study was to design an internet-based multidomain intervention program to prevent cardiovascular disease in the pre-elderly. This study used a quasi-experimental pre-post-test design with two groups (intervention group and control group). The inclusion criteria in this study were: elderly aged 55-65 years, had at least two risk factors for cardiovascular disease (such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, smoking, inactivity, DM, history of cardiovascular disease) previously to participate in the study. The sampling technique that will be used is the convivence sample with a total sample to be recruited is 100.The results of this study will be very useful as a guide for pre-elderly and health workers in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as material for health policy makers in Indonesia to make guidelines and recommendations for disease prevention management in the pre-elderly.

The Pandemic as Political Opportunity: Jokowi’s Indonesia in the Time of Covid-19

In mid-2021, the Delta strain of the Covid-19 virus caused a second wave of transmissions and deaths in Indonesia at a scale much greater than what was seen in 2020. In this paper, I examine what the Indonesian government’s handling of the Covid crisis in 2021 reveals about the priorities of President Joko Widodo (Jokowi), as well as his political agenda and attitude towards the country’s democracy, as he strives to cement his legacy. I argue that, while devastating, the Covid-19 pandemic has given Jokowi the opportunity to push through long-planned economic and political reforms. Furthermore, I contend that, under the guise of promoting social and political stability in the time of Covid, Jokowi has also allowed for further democratic regression in Indonesia through laws that restrict freedom of speech and through the further empowerment of the military and intelligence agencies in civilian life. This paper ends with an examination of Jokowi’s persistently high popularity rating and the discourse surrounding the rumoured push for a constitutional reform that would allow for a third-term Jokowi presidency.

Potensi Formulasi Self Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS) Ekstrak Biji Kedelai (Glycine soja) Terhadap Penurunan Kolesterol pada Penyakit Jantung Koroner

Background: Coronary heart diseases (CHD) is a disorder that caused by blockage of coronary arteries due to the process of atherosclerosis which disrupts the blood supply to the heart muscle. According to Sample Registration System (SRS) Indonesia in 2014, CHD is a second highest cause of death after stroke that is 12,9% of all cause of death in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to examining the effect of soybean extract encapsulated with Self Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS) on LDL levels in coronary heart model rats. Based on various study, isoflavone aglycone genistein is the main flavonoid in soybean seed that has potential as an antioxidant. To increase bioavailability of aglycone isoflavones, a SMEDDS is needed. In this regard, the purpose of this reseach is to examine the potential of soybean seed (Glycine soja) extract to reduced cholesterol in CHD.Methods: The method used is a literature review with literature sources in the form of relevant articles from the search engines, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Research Gate. Inclusion criteria included journals containing the keywords “soybean (Glycine soja)”, “Coronary Heart Disease”, “SMEDDS”, and “genistein isoflavone aglycone”.Result: Isoflavone aglycone as an potential antioxidant that is able to bind free radicals and and also lowering LDL, Triglycerides, and glucose levels in hyperglycemic states and increasing HDL.Conclusion : Soybean seed extract with SMEDDS encapsulation have a potential to decrease LDL level in coronary heart disease.

Epidemiological Pattern of COVID-19 Infection from March to November 2020 in Situbondo District, East Java, Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a global threat. As of March 31, 2020, there were 1,528 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 136 deaths in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological features and clinical course of COVID-19 in Situbondo District, East Java Province, Indonesia, to facilitate understanding of the epidemiological situation and the spread of infection in the community to improve the control and prevention measures. This study examined the epidemiological features of COVID-19 cases in Situbondo using descriptive analysis. The results revealed that from March to November 2020, there were 1,622 suspected cases and 816 confirmed cases. Moreover, females (total case 470,58%) were more likely to be infected than males (total case 346,43%). Mainly, the cases of COVID-19 infection were in the age group of 19-37 years old (36.8%), and almost half of the confirmed cases (41 cases) were caused by the infection from close contact to confirmed cases, based on the epidemiological investigation report. People with comorbidities were more susceptible to being infected. Hypertension (8,7%), diabetes (8,6%), heart disease (3,7%), kidney failure, and COPD, each by (1%) were the highest reported comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. There was another disease with a low percentage like asthma, pulmonary TB, and cancer. This study opens the gate to further studies, which are needed to understand more about the epidemiological COVID-19 situation in the community.

The Influence Of Health Education Using Video “SEMAR LARI” About Breast Examination On Knowledge, Attitude And Behavior In Adolescent Women

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the most common causes of death in Indonesia. The youth's understanding of BSE (Breast Self-Examination) is still low, so it needs health education through educative media. The existence of this study aims to increase knowledge, attitudes and behavior in young women with audiovisual media. SEMAR LARI (Semarak Perform Awareness) video is one of the efforts to make it easier for young women to understand the importance of BSE. The sample of this study amounted to 60 people who were divided into 2 groups. The first group used health education. The second second group uses audiovisual. The analysis was carried out by using the Mann Whitney test using the SPSS version 16 program. The value of p = 0.0001 or p 0.05 showed that there was an effect of counseling about BSE using video on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in adolescent girls. Key word: Video SEMAR LARI, BSE, Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior

Risk Factors for Tuberculosis in the Work Area Community Health Center Sabang, Dampelas District, Donggala Regency

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) globally is still very high, TB is an infectious disease that causes many deaths in Indonesia, in 2016 there were 274 cases of death per day in Indonesia and reached 1,020,000 people. The proportion of TB in Puskesmas Sabang in 2014 there were 13 cases, 29 cases in 2015, 23 cases in 2016, 27 cases in 2017, and in 2018 as many as 30 cases, TB was caused by several risk factors such as smoking, Housing conditions, and education. AIM: Research aims to know the risk factors incidence of TB disease in Sabang Regional Public Health Center, District Dampelas, Donggala. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study case-control using a document of TB as well as structured interviews using a questionnaire, the case was a patient who suffered from TB in Puskesmas Sabang in 2017, and control is one that has the same sex that is at the Community Health Centre (Puskesmas) Sabang, comparison cases and controls were 1:1, 30 cases and 30 controls. RESULTS: Smoking habit with p = 0.020 (odds ratio [OR] = 7.120, confidence interval [CI] = 1.358–37.337) and house humidity with p = 0.000 (OR = 26.318, CI = 4.399–157.474) were the most dominant risk factors for TB incidence, while the type of gender, education and knowledge are protective against the incidence of TB. CONCLUSION: Smoking habits and house humidity are the most dominant risk factors for the incidence of TB in the work area of the Sabang Health Center, Dampelas District, Donggala Regency. Health workers should increase education to the public about the dangers of smoking and the requirements of healthy housing.

Why do we need to empower university staffs and students for tackling the non-communicable diseases?

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major cause of death in Indonesia and worldwide. Yogyakarta has the highest prevalence of cancer in Indonesia. Besides, Yogyakarta has high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and other NCDs. The prevention and control of NCDs are direly needed in Yogyakarta. Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) is the oldest university in Yogyakarta and has a large number of university staff members and students. This study aimed to empower university staff and students of UGM in the health promotion programs for tackling NCD risk factors through the Health Promoting University initiative. This was a participatory action research that was conducted in UGM, Yogyakarta. A total of 299 respondents (university staff and students in second year) were involved in the need’s assessment survey. Data were collected through online questionnaire and analyzed descriptively. Additionally, advocacy, training, small group discussion, seminars, discussion on WhatsApp group, as well as developing posters for healthy diet, hand washing, physical activities, and smoking behavior were done as the follow-up of the need’s assessment. The need’s assessment showed that most respondents had a poor knowledge on the NCDs and its risk factors (74%), poor knowledge on the smoke free campus (80%), had insufficient vegetables consumption (83%), had insufficient fruit consumption (68%), and had physically inactive behavior (52%). Furthermore, group discussions with the students improved their awareness on the NCD problems among students. Also, training for the university staff members improved their knowledge and skills related to the NCD risk factors’ measurement. The university staff and students’ knowledge and practice concerning the NCD risk factors prevention were poor. Therefore, the Health Promoting University initiative is a good way to empower them about the NCD risk factors prevention.

Obstetric Patients Characteristics Labor in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang December 2019-February 2020 Period

Introduction : Maternal death in Indonesia was still high therefore efforts was needed to suppress this maternal mortality rate.Objective : To determine risk factors of maternal mortality and morbidity.Methods : This was a descriptive study using cross sectional design with study sample including all laboring mother in Obstetric Department of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang from December 2019 to February 2020 period. Sample were collected using total sampling technique with total of 119 samples included in this study. Data was collected from patients’ medical record, including age, gestational age, gravidity, history of labor, diagnosis, method of delivery, maternal condition, and neonates condition at birth.Results : Mean of age was 30.6 ± 5.4 years, mean of maternal age was 36.1 ± 3.8 weeks, about 77 patients (64.7%) were multipara, 49 patients (41.2%) had history of spontaneous labor, most frequent diagnosis were severe preeclampsia in 20 patients (16.8%), impending eclampsia in 9 patients (7.6%), history of cesarean section 8 patients (6.7%), twin pregnancy 7 patients (5.9%), and pregnancy with positive HBsAg in 7 patients (5,9%). Total 32 patients (26.9%) were referred patients from various general hospital in West Sumatra. A total of 105 patients (88.2%) had cesarean section. Mean birth weight of neonates was 2363.4 ± 964.7 gram, mean birth length was 44.1 ± 5.9 cm, mean apgar score in the first 1 minutes was 5,9 ± 2,2, and mean apgar score in the first 5 minutes 7.4 ± 2.3. During 3 months of study, total maternal deaths were found in 3 patients due to complicated eclampsia, severe preeclampsia, and maternal congenital heart disease, while neonatal death was found in 8 babies, where 6 (75%) had IUFD, and 2 (25%) had very low birth weight dying in the first 24 hours of life due to respiratory failure.Conclusion : Most of labored mother were multiparas with history of spontaneous birth, and mostly diagnosed as severe preeclampsia with method of delivery of cesarean section, and maternal and neonatal death were still occurred.Keywords: Death, Maternal, Neonatal

Factors Affecting Delivery Methods in Severe Preeclampsia Patients at Dr. RSUP. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang January 2018 – December 2019

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy (HIP) is the second highest cause of maternal death in Indonesia. Termination of pregnancy in patients with HIP or preeclampsia is the most common treatment to save both the mother and the fetus. There are two methods of delivery that can be done, namely vaginal or abdominal termination (sectio caesaria). Due to the high incidence of severe preeclampsia in Indonesia and the various determinants in choosing a delivery method for severe preeclampsia, the aim of this study is to analyze what factors influenced it in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital.
 Method: This type of study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional study design. A total of 210 samples were taken using the simple random sampling technique from the medical records of severe preeclampsia patients who gave birth at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital during January 2018 – December 2019 and was analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis with SPSS ver.26.
 Result: A total of 81 (38.6%) PEB patients underwent vaginal delivery and 129 (61.4%) underwent a caesarean section delivery. From the observations, 67 people (57.3%) were aged 20-34 years, 40 people (78.4%) with a gestational age of 34-36 weeks, 92 people (57.9%) multiparity, 104 people (62, 3%) without a history of hypertension, 86 people (53.4%) without a history of SC, 98 people (84,5%) with a bishop score ≤5, 116 people (59,5%) without PJT, 122 people (61%) without macrosomic fetuses, 108 people (63.5%) without PROM, and 84 people (75%) with complications underwent cesarean delivery. The factors of gestational age (p value = 0.001), history of sectio caesaria (p value = 0.000), bishop score (p value = 0.000), and complications or comorbidities (p value = 0.000) had a significant relationship to the method of delivery for patients with PEB with factors bishop score is the most influencing factor (OR = 10,299).
 Conclusion: Therefore, gestational age, history of CS, bishop score, and complications or comorbidities are factors that influence the delivery method of PEB patients.

Herbal and traditional therapies for liver disease: A study with rural communities in Indonesia

Liver disease is one of the leading causes of death in Indonesia. In 2013, it was reported that Indonesia's hepatities prevalence was 1.2%. This study aims to describe people's experience in preventing liver disease. The authors explore the medical plants that was used by the patient to cure liver by using herbal and therapies. This study used literature review. The author collected data from some journals to study the local knowledge of rural communities to overcome liver disease. The phenomenon learned from this treatment was not only the behavior of people who use alternative medicine to prevent various disease, but also the effectiveness of these traditional therapies. The results of this study indicate that: 1) herbs have become the main treatment choice for rural communities; 2) therapies are chosen because it has been a treatment for generetions. Base on the results of the study it can be concluded that the majority of rural people in Indonesia develop more and use herbs as alternative treatments to overcome liver. Local therapy was the main outcome measure and it had the role in reducing various disease.

Pengaruh Latihan Gerak Sendi Aktif dengan Kemampuan Mobilitas Fisik pada Pasien Stroke Non Hemoragik di RSUD Deli Serdang

Background: Stroke is a neurological disease that ranks third as the cause of death in Indonesia after cancer and heart disease. Stroke in Indonesia is increasing due to changes in modernization lifestyle. The general purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between active joint motion exercises and physical mobility abilities in non-haemorrhagic stroke patients at the Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam General Hospital.Methods: This type of research is descriptive analytic using a one group pre and post test design approach with a quasi-experimental design. The research location is RSUD Deli Serdang Lubuk Pakam, carried out in early February 2012. The research population was 28 people and a sample of 9 people with the sampling technique using the accidental sampling method. Data were analyzed using t test (paired sample T-test).Results: The results showed that the patient's mobility ability before being treated (pretest) with a value of 0 is 8 people (88.9%), and a value of 1 is 1 person (11.1%). The patient's mobility ability after being treated (posttest) with a value of 0 is 4 people (44.4%), and a value of 1 is 5 people (55.6%). There was an increase in the ability of physical mobility by 1.8. Active joint motion exercises affect the mobility ability of non-haemorrhagic stroke patients at Deli Serdang Hospital, Lubuk Pakam in 2012. With p value = 0.001 (α = 0.05).Conclusion: 3. There is a relationship between active joint motion exercises and mobility abilities in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients at the Deli Serdang Regional General Hospital Lubuk Pakam in 2012 with p value = 0.001 (α = 0.05).

Procrustes Analysis of Indonesian Mortality Table Iv and Indonesia's Death Rate During Covid-19 Pandemic

The level of accuracy to calculate the premium is one of the main points for an actuary to determine the criteria of product which is offered by an insurance company to customers. The main reference in this accuracy is the mortality table. The last mortality table made by AAJI (Asosiasi Asuransi Jiwa Indonesia) was Mortality Table Indonesia (MTI) IV which was published in 2019. However, unexpectedly, the Covid-19 pandemic occurred in early 2020 which caused the death rate to be higher than normal situation. This study aims to compare MTI IV which was made with assumptions before the Covid-19 pandemic according to the death rate in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses secondary data, by finding the probability of death in Indonesia by calculating the death rate in Indonesia based on population data according to age group classifications obtained from BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) Indonesia. Furthermore, both data were compared using Procrustes analysis to calculated the level of conformity. The results showed that 75.97% of the data matched MTI IV with the death rate during the pandemic. If the insurance company wants more accurate results, they can be adjusted to the Indonesian Mortality Table using data during the pandemic. If it is quite satisfied with the accuracy of 75.97%, the company can continue to use MTI IV.

COVID-19 deaths and associated demographic factors in Central Java, Indonesia.

To date, the total number of COVID-19 deaths is still increasing, including in Central Java, with the third-highest total number of deaths in Indonesia. There are still limited studies related to the cases of COVID-19. Thus, this study's objective was to provide an overview of the characteristics of 4359 COVID-19 death cases in Central Java. This research used a cross-sectional descriptive design with univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis involving secondary data acquired from a report by the Provincial Health Office of Central Java, recorded up to 13 December 2020. The results showed that the highest frequencies of death cases were contributed from ≥60 years group (n=1897 patients; 43.52%) and the male (n=2497 patients; 57.28%) group. The case fatality rate (CFR) rose with age, and the highest CFR was recorded in the elderly (17.95%), males (7.60%), in Pati District (17.45%), while entrepreneur (14.64%) was the highest reported job. Furthermore, the eldest group (≥60 years) and males were more susceptible to die, with ORs 5.49 (95%CI: 5.15-5.86) and 1.61 (95%CI: 1.51-1.71), sequentially. The majority of death cases had comorbidities (65.79%), while the most prevalent reported comorbidities were diabetes (n=1387, 31.82%) and hypertension (n=817, 18.74%). Meanwhile, patients of old age were more likely to associate comorbidity, p<0.001, OR 1.664 (95%CI: 1.425-1.944). This study concludes that patients of older age and males may become more vulnerable than younger and females to experience death. Further study is required to measure the relationship between other characteristics of demographics, underlying medical conditions, and fatality.

Determinants of Pneumonia in Toddlers in Jambi City

Background: Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection and the second leading cause of toddler deaths in Indonesia. Nutritional status, immunization status, and humidity in the house constitute risk factors for the incidence and prevalence of pneumonia. Purpose: The objective of this research is to analyze the determinants of nutritional status, immunization status, and air humidity against the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers in Jambi City. Methods: This was an observational study. A case-control design approach was adopted. The research location was the Public Health Center of Talang Bakung in Jambi City, which has the highest prevalence of pneumonia cases. This study was conducted from January 2019 to August 2019. The number of samples in this study was 66 toddlers, with a 1:1 ratio of cases. Data was collected using a multistage random sampling technique. Primary and secondary data obtained was analyzed with a logistic regression test method. Results: The highest proportion of pneumonia cases was observed in toddlers between the ages of 12 and 35 months (75.76%). The proportion of female toddlers was 57.58%, with the number of siblings being ≥1 (93.94%). The proportion of people who completed secondary level maternal education was 60.61%, which was higher than the proportion of people who completed secondary level paternal education (54.55%). The employment status of fathers was 96.97%. Underweight status was associated with pneumonia (AOR=5.81; 95%CI=1.07–31.68). Inadequate air humidity was associated with the incidence of pneumonia (AOR=7.37; 95%CI=1.80–30.13). Conclusion: Nutritional status and air humidity were identified as determinants of pneumonia in toddlers in Jambi city.

Body Mass Index (BMI) and Special History on the Event of Gestasional Preeclampsia Study in Jombang District Health Center

Background: The most common cause of maternal death in Indonesia is direct obstetric causes, namely28% bleeding, 24% preeclampsia-eclampsia, 11% infection, while indirect causes are obstetric trauma 5%and others 11%. Preeclampsia is hypertension that arises after 20 weeks of pregnancy accompanied byproteinuria. Preeclampsia ranks second cause of maternal death after bleeding.Purpose: The study aims to analyze body mass index (BMI) and spesific history of the preeclampsiagestasional events.Method: The research was conducted with Cross Sectional research type. The study was conducted inthe working area of Jombang Regency in February dd July 2019. The population in this study were allpregnant women with preeclampsia who conducted examinations in independent practice midwives inFebruary, March 2019 totaling 168 pregnant women. Total sampling technique. The research instrumentused a questionnaire with the value of Cronbach’s Alpha 0.862.Results:The results of the analysis showed that the independent variables associated with the incidence ofpreeclampsia were Body Mass Index with p-value 0.003; Exp (B); 11,234, variable history of hypertensionin pregnancy with p-value 0,000; Exp (B); 11,387, and diabetes variable with p-value 0,003; Exp (B); 11,334.Body mass index in the obesity category, history of hypertension and diabetes are the biggest contributingfactors to the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnancy.Conclusion: The study concluded that history of hypertension and diabetes are the biggest contributingfactors to the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnancy.

Relationship between Premature Rupture of Membranes to Neonatal Sepsis: A Literature Review

Background: Infection is still one of the highest cause of neonatal death in Indonesia. 30% of neonatal deaths are caused by infection (Kosen, 2005), with numbers ranging from 8,76% to 30,29% with fatality rates of up to 49,9% (Victor,1997). Several journals has discussed the relationship between premature rupture of membranes and neonatal sepsis. The author will review said literatures and conclude them.Aims of the Study: This review aims to analyze how premature rupture of membranes may cause neonatal sepsis and does the former increases risk of the latter.Methods of Study: Data will be appraised from associated literatures and synthesizing the results. Reviewed literatures are taken from Pubmed, NCBI PMC, and Google Scholar. Literature criteria are observational study with control, comparative study, and analytical descriptive study.Results: 13 literatures that discussed the relationship between premature rupture of membranes with neonatal sepsis were reviewed. While neonatal sepsis still occurs in women without premature rupture of membranes, women with premature rupture of membranes has marked a higher incidence of neonatal sepsis. The risks of neonatal sepsis are multifactorial, such as (1) low birth weight, (2) preterm premature rupture of membranes, (3) premature rupture of membranes with longer durations, and (4) healthcare quality.Conclusion: Premature rupture of membranes is shown to increase risk of neonatal sepsis occuring.

An analysis of Mean Arterial Pressure, Roll Over Test and Body Mass Index as Predictors of Hypertension in Pregnancy

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy is one of the three causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia,which proportion increases every year. More than 25% of maternal deaths in Indonesia in 2017 were causedby hypertension in pregnancy (Profil Kesehatan Indonesia, 2018).Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between MAP, ROT, and BMI onhypertension in pregnancy and to find predictor models of hypertension in pregnancy.Method: This research was conducted at Kedungadem Public Health Center, Bojonegoro Regency with across sectional study method. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with subjects consistingof 100 samples (50 normal tension and 50 hypertension). Data analysis used Chi Square, Logistic BinaryRegression and Area Under Curve.Results: The results showed that a history of preeclampsia (OR 10.29; 95% CI 2.21–47.9), MAP (OR 3.38;95% CI 2.36 4.84), ROT (OR 19.94; 95% CI5.47) -72.71), excess BMI (OR4.06; 95% CI 1.58-10.44), BMIof obesity (OR 4.8; 95% CI 1.26-18.24), were significantly associated with hypertension at 27 weeks of age.The main predictors of hypertension at 27 weeks were positive MAP (AUC 0.874; 95% CI 0.832-0.966; p =0.000) and for predictors at 32 weeks, positive ROT at 27 weeks, 28 weeks and 32 weeks (AUC 0.851; 95%CI 0.914-0.993; p = 0.000).Conclusion: The history of preeclampsia, MAP and BMI were able to predict at 27 weeks of gestation andROT was able to predict at 32 weeks of age.

The correlation between C-Reactive Protein, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, and S100b with Alberta stroke program early CT Score in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients

Background: Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the second-most cause of death in Indonesia, caused by atherosclerotic obstructions in the cerebral and cervical arteries. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein synthesized after the stimulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) is a sign of both inflammation and atherosclerosis. S100B protein is the dominant protein in the central nervous system released in the event of inflammation in the brain, such as stroke. CT-scan is a gold-standard diagnosis of non-hemorrhagic stroke. However, it has a limit to the onset of &lt;6 hours. The Alberta stroke program early CT-score (ASPECTS) system enhances non-contrast CT-scan sensitivity in assessing early ischemic changes in areas supplied by the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The correlation between inflammatory variables and ischemic assessments on CT-scan needs to be analyzed further. This study aimed to prove the correlation between acute inflammatory signs and ischemic assessment using ASPECTS in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in April-September 2019 on 47 non-hemorrhagic stroke patients in Diponegoro National Hospital, Telogorejo Hospital, and Tugurejo Hospital, Semarang. The diagnosis of non-hemorrhagic stroke was based on the non-contrast CT-scan and subsequent ASPECTS assessment. CRP, VCAM-1, and S100B levels were examined using the ELISA principle. The correlation test between variables was also performed employing the Spearman test.Results: The correlation test results between the CRP, VCAM-1, and S100B levels with the ASPECTS were r = -0.035, p = 0.815; r = -0.117, p = 0,432; and r = 0.145, p = 0.332, respectively.Conclusions: There was no significant correlation between the CRP, VCAM-1, and S100B levels with the ASPECTS. The increase in CRP and S100B inflammatory signs was not accompanied by low ASPECTS assessment, which depended on the appearance of lesions on the CT-scan.

Determinants of Postnatal Care Service Utilization in Indonesia: A Secondary Analysis Using the Indonesian Health and Demographics Survey

Background: The postnatal complication that occurs in the first week after childbirth is one of the causes of maternal death in Indonesia. However, it can be prevented with postnatal care (PNC). This study aims to analyze the determinants of PNC service utilization in Indonesia.