Thoughts Of Death Research Articles

A Sententious Review Article on Thanatophobia: Perceptive Death Anxiety

Thanatophobia came from the Greek word lsquoThanatosrsquo meaning death and lsquoPhobosrsquo meaning fear. Thus thanatophobia generally means lsquofear of deathrsquo. Death anxiety is anxiety disorder triggered by thoughts of ones own death. It is also denoted as thanatophobia fear of death. The actual cause of thanatophobia is unknown. However the disorder is a specific phobia with focus on preceding experiences with death. Unreasoning undue fear The person displays excessive or irrational persistent and intense fear triggered by a specific object or situation. Escaping of circumstances in which thinking about death or dying may be obligatory In severe cases this can lead to the person evading leaving home altogether. Life-limiting The phobia significantly affects the individualrsquos work school or personal life. Duration The duration of warning sign must last for minimum six months. Dealing with Thanatophobia can be through several ways but a couple of interventions relating a precise combination of therapy and medication can quickly and proficiently resolve thanatophobia warning signs in children and adults. Even better this form of treatment may help to report symptoms of cooccurring conditions like depression and anxiety. Thinking about death or suicide in everyday life may come one or another day but some individuals think about it little more. Though there are healthy habits to do it there are morbid ones too.

김우진 시에 나타난 생명과 죽음에 대한 사유

김우진 시에 나타난 생명과 죽음에 대한 사유

Introduction: Why study celebrity and crisis?

The series The Kominsky Method (Netflix 2018–20) stars Michael Douglas and Alan Arkin as two ageing members of today’s Hollywood milieu. Sandy Kominsky (Douglas) is an acting coach. His effort of self-preservation and perpetuation of the star's charisma clashes with corporal decay and financial collapse. Norman Newlander (Arkin) is Sandy's agent and caustic friend. He has peculiar death thoughts and constantly makes humorous reference to both men's physical, psychological and social disparities. What does Kominsky tell us about contemporary celebrity culture as regards ageing and the crisis of public appearance thereto related? The show reveals film and television industry’s leading position in setting desirable or disputable models of old age through a renovated alliance with fashion. Arkin and Douglas’s looks express the shame of old age but also glamorize it. A self-reflexive narrative testifies Hollywood’s search for innovative strategies of self-representation that includes old-age, showcasing the transformation of celebrated bodies and underlying the value of personal flexibility. Amid the decline of their image and influence, Douglas and Arkin develop a new adaptability, demonstrated variously in terms of masculine aesthetics, through clothing, living spaces, gestures and dialogue. This article investigates the implied social meaning attached to the dressed old body in the public sphere when the predicaments concern privilege and influence. The main character’s costumes draw on fashion trends such as Dandyism, hipster style and Vintage. Arkin’s, on the other hand, stick to the classic, although not in a strict formal way. Their juxtaposition reveals how fashion trends come to the aid of celebrities’ effort to overcome crisis, a means to manage as well as spectacularize confused and ambivalent attitudes to ageing.

The Kominsky Method, Michael Douglas and Alan Arkin: Fashionable impairments of an ageing Hollywood

The series The Kominsky Method (Netflix, 2018–20) stars Michael Douglas and Alan Arkin as two ageing members of today’s Hollywood milieu. Sandy Kominsky (Douglas) is an acting coach. His effort of self-preservation and perpetuation of the star’s charisma clashes with corporeal decay and financial collapse. Norman Newlander (Arkin) is Sandy’s agent and caustic friend. He has peculiar death thoughts and constantly makes humorous reference to both men’s physical, psychological and social disparities. What does Kominsky tell us about contemporary celebrity culture as regards ageing and the crisis of public appearance thereto related? The show reveals film and television industry’s leading position in setting desirable or disputable models of old age through a renovated alliance with fashion. Arkin and Douglas’s looks express the shame of old age but also glamorize it. A self-reflexive narrative testifies Hollywood’s search for innovative strategies of self-representation that includes old age, showcasing the transformation of celebrated bodies and underlying the value of personal flexibility. Amid the decline of their image and influence, Douglas and Arkin develop a new adaptability, demonstrated variously in terms of masculine aesthetics, through clothing, living spaces, gestures and dialogue. This article investigates the implied social meaning attached to the dressed old body in the public sphere when the predicaments concern privilege and influence. The main character’s costumes draw on fashion trends such as dandyism, hipster style and vintage. Arkin’s, on the other hand, stick to the classic, although not in a strict formal way. Their juxtaposition reveals how fashion trends come to the aid of celebrities’ effort to overcome crisis, a means to manage as well as spectacularize confused and ambivalent attitudes to ageing.

Mental health, depressive disorder and its management: A review

Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community. India's mental health struggles are largely due to societal stigma and inadequate healthcare access. Depression is a major cause of disability worldwide and contributes greatly to the global disease burden. Depression is characterized by persistent sadness, hopelessness, irritability, guilt, loss of interest, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, physical aches, and thoughts of death or suicide. Symptoms can also include increased anger, restlessness, withdrawal, impulsivity, alcohol or drug use, isolation, and difficulties with sexual desire and performance. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common types of depression. It is characterized by changes in neuronal structure and function, which are accompanied by several biochemical changes. It is caused by a variety of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. This review will cover depression, its signs and symptoms, risk factors, mechanisms, and management. The management of depression includes various types of medication, therapies, counselling, stimulation, and strategies to combat depression.

Network analysis of the association between Dark Triad traits and depression symptoms in university students

University students frequently experience symptoms of depression. The Dark Triad (DT) traits, which include Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism, represent the darker aspects of personality and have been linked to depression. Although connections between these traits and depression are recognized, the specific processes linking traits to symptoms remain unclear. In our study with 1287 participants, we measured DT traits and depression using the 12-item Dirty Dozen and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. A network analysis was conducted to dissect the differential relationships between individual DT traits and various depression symptoms, as well as to pinpoint influential nodes through bridge expected influence. The analysis revealed significant positive correlations: Machiavellianism with feelings of worthlessness, narcissism with depressed or sad mood, and both Machiavellianism and psychopathy with thoughts of death. Notably, psychopathy emerged as a central influence in the network, suggesting that interventions targeting this trait may be effective in mitigating depression. These findings not only contribute to the current literature by clarifying distinct pathways but also advocate for the implementation of brief reappraisal interventions tailored for university students displaying DT traits, especially in the context of global health emergencies.

Anti-suicidal effects of IV ketamine in a real-world setting

The current study evaluated the effectiveness of intravenous ketamine treatment for suicidality in a community-based clinical sample of 295 outpatients (mean age= 40.37; 58.6 % male). We conducted growth mixture modeling to estimate latent classes of changes in symptoms of suicidality measured by the Concise Health Risk Tracking – Self-Report (CHRT-SR) across five infusions in a two-week course of treatment. Best-fit indices indicated three trajectory groups demonstrating non-linear, quadratic changes in CHRT-SR scores during ketamine treatment. The largest group of patients (n= 170, 57.6 %) had moderate CHRT-SR scores at baseline and showed gradual improvement during treatment. The other two groups of patients had severe CHRT-SR scores at baseline and diverged into one group with no improvement throughout treatment (n = 63, 21 %) and one group with rapid improvement (n = 62, 21 %). Of the clinical and demographic variables available and tested, only higher scores pertaining to active thoughts of death and/or plan were found to predict which of the patients with severe CHRT-SR scores at baseline would not benefit from treatment. The present study provides an important contribution to the knowledge of ketamine's effects on symptoms related to suicide over time. providing support for the possible effectiveness of ketamine in a proportion of patients.

Attending to the Moral Meaning of Pain

In addition to a physical and emotional experience, pain is also a morally infused experience with deep, often subconscious, meaning for many sufferers. Whether justified or not, for many people, pain may represent loss, judgement, unworthiness, abandonment, punishment, and even existential suffering and thoughts of death. The moral meaning of pain is what influences the associated experiences of stigma, loneliness, and guilt that contribute to suffering. It is why nurses and other healthcare practitioners have long adhered to a moral obligation to treat those with pain, implying a duty to attempt to make right the wrong of undeserved suffering. Yet the moral meaning of pain is rarely discussed and is often overlooked when establishing a relationship with and a treatment plan for a person with pain. It is the unattended moral meaning of pain that may contribute to unnecessary suffering, futile treatment, and even moral dilemmas in establishing care. In this paper, I explore the definition of morality itself, the moral meaning of pain, and its implications for care. I discuss how moral pluralism in contemporary society contributes to various moral perceptions that influence a person's pain experience and how their pain is treated. Finally, I make the case that using a narrative approach to intentionally look for moral meaning in an individual's pain story may reveal opportunities for more effective pain management options.

Coping Self-Efficacy and Thoughts of Self-Harm Among Adolescents in Vietnam: A Longitudinal Study

We aimed to determine the effect of coping self-efficacy on thoughts of self-harm among adolescents attending high school in Hanoi, Vietnam. Longitudinal data were collected using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised and the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale among 552 Year 10 students. The prevalence of thoughts of death and/or self-injury on at least 1 day in the past week was 16.9% at baseline and 14.5% at 8-month follow-up. When baseline coping self-efficacy was greater by one standard deviation, the odds of having thoughts of self-harm at follow-up were reduced by 42%. Our findings suggest that school-based programs that aim to strengthen coping strategies may be useful in preventing self-harm among adolescents.

Electrodermal activity moderates the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation in a group of patients with anxiety and depressive symptoms

PurposeBeing suicide a serious global issue, it's urgent to identify the involved factors and possibly precursors. In our study, it was hypothesized that autonomic hyperactivation might have a moderating role in the relationship between symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation in a group of patients suffering from Mixed Anxiety Depressive Disorder (MADD). MethodsFifty-three outpatients diagnosed with MADD were consecutively recruited. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed through the Symptom Questionnaire whereas suicidal ideation was calculated through specific items extrapolated from the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R). Additionally, Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and the evaluation of Skin Conductance, Level and Response (SCL-SCR), was detected through the recording of a Psychophysiological Stress Profile (PSP). ResultsThe analyses confirmed depression as the first predictor of suicidal thoughts. Nonetheless, EDA levels recorded at baseline and under induced stress exerted a moderating effect on the relationship between thymic deflection and thoughts of death. ConclusionsEven though activation is usually considered a positive factor for clinical prognosis, our findings highlight that autonomic arousal may represent a harmful resource for patients suffering from MADD. The involvement of the psychophysiological axis can accentuate mental suffering and favor suicidal ideation. The need to consider a multidimensional assessment strongly emerged.

The relationships between anxiety and suicidal ideation and between depression and suicidal ideation among Chinese college students: A network analysis

BackgroundSuicide is a worldwide public health problem. Evidence from previous studies has confirmed the relationship among anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation. However, the complex psychopathological pathways between anxiety and suicidal ideation and between depression and suicidal ideation require further study. MethodsA total of 505 college students from China during COVID-19 pandemic were investigated in an online study. Anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation of the participants were investigated. R software was used to construct the anxiety-suicidal ideation and depression-suicidal ideation networks and to evaluate the bridge expected influences. ResultsThe anxiety-suicidal ideation network had 28 cross-community edges, the strongest one was A7 “Afraid something will happen”–S7 “Unable to solve personal problem”; A5 “Restlessness” and S3 “Hopelessness and suicide thoughts” had the highest bridge expected influences. The depression-suicidal ideation network had 36 cross-community edges, and the strongest one was D9 “Thoughts of death”–S5 “Unable to accomplish something important”; D9 “Thoughts of death” and S3 “Hopelessness and suicide thoughts” had the highest bridge expected influences. ConclusionIntricate psychopathological pathways exist between anxiety and suicidal ideation and between depression and suicidal ideation. “Restlessness”, “Thoughts of death” and “Hopelessness and suicide thoughts” are considered targets for suicidal ideation interventions. The present study enriches the theory of symptoms and mental disorders and provides a reliable reference for the intervention practice of suicidal ideation.

Assessing the validity and reliability of the International Anxiety Questionnaire and the International Depression Questionnaire in two bereaved national samples.

The International Anxiety Questionnaire (IAQ) and International Depression Questionnaire (IDQ) are self-report measures of ICD-11 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (ICD-11 GAD) and ICD-11 Single Episode Depressive Disorder (ICD-11 DD). This study tested the psychometric properties of these scales in two samples of bereaved adults from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the combined dimensionality and measurement invariance of the IAQ and IDQ across the United Kingdom (n = 1012) and Irish (n = 1011) samples. Differential item functioning (DIF) was tested using multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) modelling while convergent validity was also assessed. CFA results supported a correlated two-factor model in both samples. The MIMIC model showed that the IDQ item "Had recurrent thoughts of death or suicide" showed DIF and the effect was small. Internal reliability of the scales were high and convergent validity was supported. The prevalence of ICD-11 GAD was 18.6% and 16.1% and ICD-11 DD was 13.8% and 10.5% in the United Kingdom and Irish samples, respectively. Findings of the study provide support for the validity, measurement invariance, and reliability of the IAQ and IDQ among two bereaved national samples.

A Three-Way Interaction of Sex, PER2 rs56013859 Polymorphism, and Family Maltreatment in Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents.

The prevalence of depressive symptoms in adolescents is 12-18% and is twice as frequent in females. Sleep problems and thoughts of death are depressive symptoms or co-occurrent phenomena. Family maltreatment is a risk factor for later depressive symptoms and the period circadian regulator (PER) has been studied in relation to neurotransmitters, adaptation to stress, and winter depression. The purpose of this work was to study the relation of the three-way interactions of sex, PER2 rs56013859, and family maltreatment in relation to core depressive symptoms, sleep complaints, and thoughts of death and suicide in self-reports from a cohort of Swedish adolescents in 2012, 2015, and 2018. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses with linear and logistic regressions were used to study the relationships to the three outcomes. The three-way interaction was related to core depressive symptoms at both baseline and six years later. In contrast, the model did not show any relation to the other dependent variables. At 13-15 years, a sex-related differential expression was observed: females with the minor allele C:C/C:T exposed to family maltreatment showed higher levels of core depressive symptoms. Six years later, the trend was inverted among carriers of minor alleles.

Major depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyable activities, recurrent thoughts of death, and physical and cognitive symptoms. People with MDD can have reduced quality of life owing to the disorder itself as well as related medical comorbidities, social factors, and impaired functional outcomes. MDD is a complex disorder that cannot be fully explained by any one single established biological or environmental pathway. Instead, MDD seems to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, psychological and biological factors. Treatment for MDD commonlyinvolves pharmacological therapy with antidepressant medications, psychotherapy or a combination of both. In people with severe and/or treatment-resistant MDD, other biological therapies, such as electroconvulsive therapy, may also be offered.

Fell on Black Days: Analyzing the Song Lyrics of Chris Cornell for Insight into Depression and Suicide.

Chris Cornell was a guitarist, singer, songwriter, and pioneer of grunge music. Cornell struggled with mental illness and addiction and incorporated these themes into his song lyrics. At age 52, Cornell died by suicide in his hotel bathroom following a live performance. This mixed-methods study examines Cornell's song lyrics for references to negative words and themes related to depression and suicide. Two coders independently reviewed lyrical transcripts to identify the primary theme, secondary theme(s), and valence (positive or negative). Sentiment analysis, a natural language processing technique, was used to examine word frequency and valence. Songs (N = 215) were predominantly (79%) negative and contained more negative (N = 3244, 56.1%) than positive (N = 2537, 43.9%) words. Thematic analysis by stage of career shows a narrowing focus on depression, failed relationships, and morbid thoughts. Themes of depressed mood, death, and suicide were common and increased by stage of career. By applying qualitative and quantitative techniques to song lyrics, this study revealed that Cornell's songs reflect a narrative of negativity consistent with someone experiencing depression and thoughts of death and suicide. Like personal notes and poems, song lyrics may reflect symptoms of depression and suicidal thoughts warranting clinical attention.

Depression, anxiety, stress, and fear of COVID-19 among Bangladeshi medical students during the first wave of the pandemic: a mixed-methods study.

This study aims to investigate depression, anxiety, stress, and fear of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated risk factors among Bangladeshi medical students. It also explored qualitative insights on mental health from medical students during the first wave of the pandemic. This mixed-methods study was conducted online in Bangladesh from June 2020 to September 2020. Participants were Bangladeshi medical students from the first year to the final year. The quantitative part included a structured online survey. One focus group discussion (FGD) was organized using the Zoom platform to collect qualitative insights from the students. To determine levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, the Bangla-validated version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) was used. A 7-item and Bangla-validated Fear of COVID-19 Scale, also known as FCV-19S, was used to explore the COVID-19-specific fear of the students. A semi-structured topic guide was used for exploring the qualitative insights of medical students' perceptions of fear of COVID-19, mental health impacts during COVID-19, overall recommendations to support students, and the impact of the pandemic on the future of the medical curriculum. The study reported that 51.20%, 59.40%, and 64% of the 406 respondents had moderate to severe stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, respectively, according to the DASS-21. The mean fear score for the COVID-19 scale was 19.4 (SD 6.4). Respondents with family members aged 50 years or older (B = 2.1; CI: 0.3-3.9) and those who had infected family members (B = 1.9; 95% CI: 0.1-3.7) exhibited a higher level of fear of COVID-19. Moreover, depression was associated with a history of having cancer among family members (AOR = 2.9, CI: 1.1-7.5), anxiety was strongly associated with having symptoms of COVID-19 (AOR = 2, CI: 1.3-3.2), and stress was associated with having symptoms of COVID-19 infection among family members (AOR = 1.9, CI: 1.3-3). Altered sleep was a potential risk factor for developing stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Manual thematic analysis of qualitative data generated four major themes, including the perception of fear of COVID-19, the perception of mental health impacts during COVID-19, the change in the medical curriculum along with the pandemic, and recommendations from the medical students to support the mental health concerns of medical students during public health crises like this pandemic. Qualitative findings showed that the participants experienced fear of their parents becoming infected by COVID-19, and this fear was more prominent in those who had their loved ones hospitalized. They were also stressed and anxious, with thoughts of death. Their fear also extended to their thoughts on academic progress and the effectiveness of online classes. A substantial proportion of medical students experienced mental health difficulties in Bangladesh. Appropriate interventions should be designed, and adequate support should be provided to the medical students to protect their mental health and wellbeing, considering their potential impact on the future health system in a low-resource setting like Bangladesh.

A Review on Medicinal Herbs with Potential Anti-Depressant Activities

Depression is a state of gloomy mood and avoidance of activities marked by loss of interest, low energy, and difficulty concentrating. Inhibition of NA and 5-HT, as well as MAO-A activation, are contributing factors to the illness. Symptoms include the loss of interest in enjoyment, worthlessness or unwarranted guilt, a drop in libido and appetite, insomnia, and persistent thoughts of death or suicide. There are several synthetic medications available for the treatment of depression, but not enough and effective for patients and these drugs may also have negative effects. variety of medicinal plants and the medication generated from these plants have demonstrated antidepressant qualities. Reduced levels of monoamines including noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin in the brain are the causes of depression. Therefore, medications that increase the levels of these monoamines in the brain either by blocking monoamine oxidase or by increasing their reuptake may be effective in treating depression. The current analysis is concentrated on medicinal plants and formulations made from plants that have demonstrated antidepressant efficacy in both human and animal studies.

Comparison of Hexaco 'S Personality Model in Clinical Depressed and Normal People in Isfahan

Background: Depression is one of the mood diseases characterized by symptoms of low mood, decreased energy and interest, feelings of guilt, problems in concentration, anorexia, thoughts of death and suicide, insomnia or hypersomnia, significant weight loss, and functional impairment. The purpose of the research was to compare the Hexagon personality model and self-compassion in clinically depressed people and normal people in Isfahan. Method: The research method is causal-comparative. The statistical population studied in this research were people with clinical depression disorder and normal people of Isfahan city. Sampling was done in a targeted way. In total, after the process, 50 people were selected in the clinically depressed group and 80 people were selected in the normal group. The research tool was Hexagon (2004) personality questionnaire. SPSS-22 software was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed the difference between two groups of normal and clinically depressed people in Hexagon personality dimensions (p<0.05). The value of Eta is 0.989. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the average Hexagon personality dimensions between the two groups of normal and clinically depressed people (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, it was found that clinically depressed people and normal people are different in terms of Hexagon personality dimensions, and by strengthening positive personality dimensions in the Hexagon model, the severity of depression of these people can be reduced.

Do-re-mi Self Motivation in Breast Cancer Patients: A Qualitative Study

BACKGROUND: In Indonesia, breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. It is important to motivate the patients to fight the disease and to adapt to the illness and the treatments. This active sense of motivation helps them to feel secure and keeps the thoughts of death at a safe distance. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the emotions that motivate breast cancer patients. The study was qualitative in nature. METHODS: This study involved 16 participants who were selected through purposive sampling at the Shelter House East Java Branch in Surabaya, Indonesia. The researchers used in-depth interviews to collect the data and the Colaizzi method was employed for the data analysis. RESULTS: Seven themes emerged from the data: Drive/Self-Motivation, respect yourself, precious self, facts of success, solutions taken to overcome problems, next strategy, and supportive situation. CONCLUSION: Positive attitudes and strategies that help breast cancer patients cope with their illness, include self-motivation, self-respect and valuing oneself, focusing on personal achievements, and seeking support, abbreviated as Do-re-mi. These findings could be used as self-talk content to develop self-affirmation strategies for breast cancer patients to help them accept their situation and reduce stress. The purpose of his study aims to explore self-motivation response of breast cancer clients. The type of research used in this study is a qualitative description.

Network analysis of eating disorder and depression symptoms among university students in the late stage of COVID-19 pandemic in China.

Eating disorders (EDs) and depression are common in university students, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to elucidate characteristics of EDs and depression symptoms networks among Chinese university students in the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. A total of 929 university students completed the SCOFF questionnaire measuring EDs and Patient Health Questionnaire with 9 items (PHQ-9) measuring depression in Guangzhou, China. The network model was applied to identify central symptoms, bridge symptoms, and important connections between SCOFF and PHQ-9 using R studio. The subgroup analyses of both genders in medical and non-medical students were further explored. In the networks of the whole sample, central symptoms included "Loss of control over eating" (EDs) and "Appetite changes" (depression). The bridge connections were between "Loss of control over eating" (EDs) and "Appetite changes" (depression), between "Deliberate vomiting" (EDs) and "Thoughts of death" (depression). "Appetite changes" (depression) and "Feeling of worthlessness" (depression) were central symptoms in both subgroups of medical and non-medical students. "Fatigue" (depression) was the central symptom in the female and medical students group. The edge between "Loss of control over eating" (EDs) and "Appetite changes" (depression) acted as a bridge in all subgroups. Social network approaches offered promising ways of further understanding the association between EDs and depression among university students during the pandemic of COVID-19 in China. Investigations targeting central and bridge symptoms would help to develop effective treatments for both EDs and depression for this population.