Deaf Women Research Articles

Breast self-examination training video with the sign language for deaf women: An interventional study.

Breast self-examination is an important component for the early detection of breast cancer. The lack of knowledge of deaf women regarding breast examination and screenings may delay diagnosis of breast cancer. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of a video prepared with the sign language giving breast self-examination (BSE) skills to deaf women. This study used a quantitative, quasi-experimental, comparison group research design. Participants were recruited from the Izmir Association for the Protection and Development of the Deaf, Izmir, Turkey. The research was conducted between March 2018 and March 2019. BSE training video was prepared by the researchers. One group (n = 30) watched a BSE training video with sign language. The other group (n = 30) watched a BSE training video without sign language. After the training video, the BSE Skill Assessment of all women were assessed on a female torso mannequin model using BSE Skill Assessment Form. The BSE skills of the women who watched the training video with sign language were significantly different from those who watched the training video without sign language (p < 0.05). The training video with the sign language prepared by the researchers can significantly improve the BSE skills of deaf women.

A Mixed Methods Study of Hysterectomy in a U.S. Sample of Deaf Women Who Use American Sign Language.

Background: Hysterectomy is one of the most common procedures performed in the United States. Yet, we know nothing about deaf women's experiences with hysterectomy. The study aims to establish a prevalence of hysterectomy among deaf women and provide insight into the experiences of those who have undergone hysterectomy.Materials and Methods: Quantitative data (n = 195; 27% Black, Indigenous, People of Color) were collected through a bilingual online patient-reported outcomes survey and reproductive health questions from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between November 2019 and March 2020. Semistructured interviews were conducted between March and April 2021 with a smaller sample of deaf women who underwent hysterectomy. A multivariable logistic regression model identified the relationship between health care history and sociodemographic factors, while qualitative interview data were used to understand deaf women's experiences with hysterectomy.Results: Of the 195 deaf respondents, 34% underwent hysterectomy (n = 67). Results indicated that the odds of hysterectomy increased for higher age (per year), being African American/Black or Latinx, being married or living with a partner, being overweight or obese, and if communicating with the doctor through English writing or others. Qualitative interviews were conducted with eight women who provided consent to participate. Although all women reported improved quality of life posthysterectomy, patient-centered experience and decision making before hysterectomy were highly dependent on access to communication, information sources, and social support.Conclusions: Prioritizing the needs of deaf women leading up to, during, and after hysterectomy has the potential to improve overall experience with hysterectomy and patient–clinician communication.

Access of chilean deaf women to healthcare information and reproductive care

The COVID-19 pandemic threatened the accessibility and response of healthcare systems worldwide. People with disabilities face specific access challenges to healthcare services and to healthcare information in accessible formats. To explore how deaf women acceded to information and sexual and reproductive health care during the first wave of COVID-19. Sixty-one women with a median age of 32 years diagnosed with deafness and hearing loss were surveyed using an online questionnaire about access to healthcare information and midwifery care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Forty-nine percent of respondents lived in the Metropolitan Region. Sixty-eight percent of respondents mentioned that information about COVID-19 was not accessible for them. The main source of information that they used to learn about the pandemic were videos made by deaf people available on the internet. Seventy-five percent of women reported that they had not received accessible information about sexual and reproductive health, and 70.0% of women requiring midwife care could not book an appointment. The pandemic generated a crisis in the Chilean healthcare system that demands a new strategy to ensure people's healthcare access. People with disabilities such as those herein studied are marginalized when these new policies are being discussed and implemented. Decision-makers and sexual and reproductive health services must improve their strategies to allow women with disabilities, particularly deaf women gain access.

Exploring Intersectional Identity in Black Deaf Women: The Complexity of the Lived Experience in College

Although the concept of intersectionality has gained widespread attention in social science research, there remains a significant gap related to the impact of intersectionality on identity formation for persons negotiating multiple marginalized social identities. This gap is especially significant among Black women who are Deaf—two groups who face significant education disparities and are largely absent in the research literature. In response to these gaps, we conducted a qualitative study with Black Deaf women ( n = 25) on a college campus to better understand the lived experiences of this population and its impact on their intersectional identity. Many of the participants expressed, despite problems related to gender, race, and disability, the number of Black Deaf women on campus made them feel that they had a support network of allies. Implications for future research and social work practice are discussed.

Agatha Tiegel Hanson: Our Places in the Sun by Katherine Jankowski

Reviewed by: Agatha Tiegel Hanson: Our Places in the Sun by Katherine Jankowski Arlene B. Kelly (bio) Jankowski, Katherine. 2020. Agatha Tiegel Hanson: Our Places in the Sun. KLGoss. (438 pages. $29.09–$32.41, paperback, ISBN 978-1734953-63-3; ebook, ISBN 978-1734953-61-9). In 2007, I wrote an essay lamenting that when looking though my personal library, I found so few books written by culturally Deaf women (Kelly 2007, 259). Most books about Deaf lives were/ are written by white hearing men. Needless to say, this biographical sketch of a famed Deaf woman compiled and penned by an equally brilliant and culturally Deaf female writer is definitely a delightful addition to my personal bookshelves. This is further treasured knowing that it took several years for Jankowski to complete the book, a testament of her commitment to spotlight sexism, audism, and racism within the Deaf community at the turn of the century and beyond. This biography is very detailed in presenting the life of Agatha Tiegel Hanson (September 14, 1873–October 17, 1959) from her birth in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, through her life in Washington, DC, Minnesota, Washington, and Oregon, and to her death in Portland, Oregon. Agatha, as the first woman to earn a bachelor's degree from the National Deaf Mute College,1 deserves to be highlighted in a single 438-page entity, along with her architect husband Olof Hanson (September 10, 1862–September 8, 1933) and their three daughters Marion, Alice, and Helen. A natural-born teacher, Agatha was an advocate of using sign language in the instruction of Deaf children, a pressing issue of the time as well as today. As a seasoned rhetoric author (Jankowski 1997), Jankowski painstakingly took care in being meticulous in her execution. An estimated 90 to 95 percent of the text emerged from archival findings at the [End Page 492] Gallaudet University Archives and the Seattle Public Library. Articles either by or about Agatha were engendered from various publications such as The Buff and Blue,2 Deaf-Mutes' Journal, Silent Worker, and Gallaudet Alumni Bulletin, to name a few. Excerpts from Pittsburgh and Seattle newspapers where Agatha resided were also provided in the text. More endearing were letters from or to Agatha found in the Gallaudet University Archives' well-preserved collections of papers by Agatha Tiegel Hanson, Olof Hanson, and President Edward Miner Gallaudet. These correspondences afford a deeper insight into her persona. To further supplement the biographical sketch were email correspondences and video relay calls between Jankowski and Agatha's descendants. These communiques were extraordinary in that they breathed life into Agatha. Black-and-white photographs from the family are also included in the book, giving greater insight into Agatha's life. The centerpiece of this book is Agatha's 1893 prerequisite graduation speech,3 "The Intellect of Woman," emphasizing educational and political equity for women. The audience was mostly men, many of whom were Senators, and such who supported the funding of the National Deaf Mute College. Agatha was beyond courageous to have presented this speech, especially when coeducation was just beginning in America. Equally important and helpful was having the historical context that had an impact on Agatha's family. The biggest takeaway from this reading was how the family survived World War I. The spouses lived apart for two years during the war. Employment in Seattle was lacking at this time, so while Agatha and their daughters lived in Seattle, Olof worked in Nebraska and later in Minnesota, sending money home in various amounts. As luck would have it, Olof returned home to his family on the day before Armistice Day.4 Agatha and Olof had a fun side. Because they had a sense of community, they often hosted big parties at their home to celebrate birthdays, weddings, and visiting friends in town. A fun takeaway was that Agatha loved to serve ice cream and cake, which was always at these parties. This happens to be a favorite of this reviewer as well. As a fan of footnotes, I found the endnotes at the back of the book to be rather awkward. While this is a personal preference, I also [End Page 493] acknowledge...

Psychiatric Functioning, Resilience, and Recovery Among Deaf Consumers of Public Behavioral Health Services.

Studies of deaf individuals generally indicate higher levels of mental illness and negative mental health outcomes compared to the general population (Anglemyer and Crespi in JAMA 2018: 3285153, 2018; Dammeyer and Chapman in JAMA 52: 807-813, 2017; Fellinger et al. in JAMA 379: 17-23, 2012; Hall et al. in JAMA 52: 761-776, 2017; as reported by Leigh and Pollard (M. Marschark and P. Spencer (eds) Oxford handbook of deaf studies, language and education, Oxford University Press, UK 2003); Landsberger et al. in JAMA 45, 42-51, 2014; Pollard in JAMA 39, 147-160, 1994). The purpose of this study is to understand the demographic variables, psychiatric symptoms, functioning, resilience, and recovery in a sample of 11,703 deaf adults. The de-identified dataset was provided by Beacon Health Options and Maryland Behavioral Health Administration and includes information about deaf adult consumers of public behavioral health services. Findings revealed that compared to hearing consumers in the dataset, deaf consumers were less likely to live in independent housing. They were more likely to live in structured community housing, such as group homes, or be homelessness. They had higher rates of arrests and incarcerations, higher proportion of unemployment, and higher rates of cigarette smoking. Deaf participants had lower rates of substance use. Deaf women in this sample reported significantly more difficulty in managing their psychiatric symptoms than deaf men. Deaf people of color had lower levels of psychiatric dysfunction, lower resilience, and greater recovery compared to white participants, which was inconsistent with other studies of people of color. Younger participants had significantly more difficulty with psychiatric symptoms and functioning than those in the older groups. Those who were 31-55years old had higher resilience than those who were older than 56years old. The author offers several recommendations for further research of the mental health of deaf populations, especially round race, age, and gender.

Creating the Capacity to Screen Deaf Women for Perinatal Depression: A Pilot Study

ObjectiveCompared to hearing women, Deaf female sign language users receive sub-optimal maternal health care and report more dissatisfaction with their prenatal care experiences. As healthcare providers begin to regularly screen for perinatal depression, validated screening tools are not accessible to Deaf women due to severe disparities in English literacy and health literacy. Design and SettingWe conducted a one-year, community-engaged pilot study to create an initial American Sign Language (ASL) translation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); conduct videophone screening interviews with Deaf perinatal women from across the United States; and perform preliminary statistical analyses of the resulting pilot data. ParticipantsWe enrolled 36 Deaf perinatal women between 5 weeks gestation up to one year postpartum. Measurements and FindingsResults supported the internal consistency of the full ASL EPDS, but did not provide evidence of internal consistency for the anxiety or depression subscales when presented in our ASL format. Participants reported a mean total score of 5.6 out of 30 points on the ASL EPDS (SD = 4.2). Thirty-one percent of participants reported scores in the mild depression range, six percent in the moderate range, and none in the severe range. Key Conclusions and ImplicationsLimitations included small sample size, a restricted range of depression scores, non-normality of our distribution, and lack of a fully-standardized ASL EPDS administration due to our interview approach. Informed by study strengths, limitations, and lessons learned, future efforts will include a larger, more robust psychometric study to inform the development of a Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing version of the ASL EPDS with automated scoring functions that hearing, non-signing medical providers can use to screen Deaf women for perinatal depression.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Diet Quality Profile of the Lithuanian Team of Deaf Women's Basketball Players.

There are about 466 million people with hearing impairments in the world. The scientific literature does not provide sufficient data on the actual nutrition and other variables of professional deaf athletes. The objectives of this study were to investigate and evaluate the body composition, the physical working capacity, the nutrition intake, and the blood parameters of iron and vitamin D in the Lithuanian high-performance deaf women’s basketball team players. The female athletes (n = 14) of the Lithuanian deaf basketball team aged 26.4 ± 4.5 years were recruited for an observational cross-sectional study. A 7-day food recall survey method was used to investigate their actual diet. The measurements of the body composition were performed using the BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis) tetra-polar electrodes. In order to assess the cardiorespiratory and aerobic fitness levels of athletes, ergo-spirometry (on a cycle ergometer) was used to measure the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and the physical working capacity at a heart rate of 170 beats per minute (PWC170). The athletes’ blood tests were taken to investigate the red blood cells, hemoglobin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ferritin, transferrin, iron concentrations, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). The consideration of the VO2peak (55.9 ± 6.1 mL/min/kg of body weight, 95% CI: 51.8, 58.9) and the low VO2peak (56–60 mL/min/kg of body weight) (p = 0.966) in the deaf women’s basketball team players revealed no differences. For the deaf female athletes, the PWC170 was equal to 20.3 ± 2.0 kgm/min/kg of body weight and represented only the average aerobic fitness level. The carbohydrate and protein intakes (5.0 ± 1.3 and 1.3 ± 0.3 g/kg of body weight, respectively) met only the minimum levels recommended for athletes. The fat content of the diet (38.1 ± 4.1% of energy intake) exceeded the maximum recommended content (35% of energy intake) (p = 0.012). The mean blood serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and ferritin (24.1 ± 6.6 nmol/L and 11.0 ± 4.1 µg/L, respectively) predicted vitamin D and iron deficits in athletes. Female athletes had an increased risk of vitamin D and iron deficiencies. Regardless of iron deficiency in the body, the better cardiorespiratory fitness of the deaf female athletes was essentially correlated with the higher skeletal muscle mass (in terms of size) (r = 0.61, p = 0.023), the lower percentage of body fat mass (r = −0.53, p = 0.049), and the reduced intake of fat (r = −0.57, p = 0.040).

'They Forget I'm Deaf': Exploring the Experience and Perception of Deaf Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics/Care.

Background:Antenatal care (ANC) services provide access to integrated health management for several pregnancy related conditions. Unfortunately, deaf pregnant women remain vulnerable during pregnancy due to lack of access as well as communication barriers at antenatal clinics in Nigeria.Objective:The primary aim of this study was to explore the experiences and satisfaction of pregnant deaf women with antenatal care in Nigeria.Methods:This was a qualitative study, conducted among nine deaf pregnant women from two local government areas, attending both private and public health facilities for antenatal care in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were collected using semi-structured, video recorded one-on-one interviews, with sign language as the medium of communication. The interviews were conducted until saturation of the themes was reached. The recorded interviews were precisely transcribed and thematic analyses were conducted on the data obtained.Findings:The mean age of the participants was 29.5 years. Participants indicated that they had registered/booked for antenatal care in their second trimester. Registration at this stage was regarded as late registration of the pregnancies. Communication difficulties during their ANC (antenatal care) visits, distance and location of the clinics, knowledge and perception of what ANC entailed, finance/cost, and health care professionals’ attitudes towards the participants were the major themes identified for late ANC bookings. Participants who attended privately owned health care facilities for ANC had more satisfaction with ANC care than those attending publicly owned health facilities.Conclusions:Deaf pregnant women were knowledgeable about ANC but registered late for the service, largely due to communication difficulties, distance to the clinic, cost, and the perceived attitudes of the health care workers. There existed a variance in the level of satisfaction of deaf pregnant women who attended private or public health facilities.

Deaf Women's Participation, Movements, and Rights: Learning from the Experiences of Deaf Women in Japan

The transformation of the deaf community in Japan during the late 20th century is one of the most rapid and profound social changes in the community’s history. Over time, government institutions have adopted resolutions and policies on several issues such as education, labor, and access to information. These events enabled the establishment of the first university for deaf and hard of hearing people, National University Corporation Tsukuba University of Technology (NTUT) in 1987. NTUT recently conducted a unique project, the “Deaf Studies Project,” which included producing a video; disseminating educational materials; raising awareness of deaf community issues at local, regional, and national levels; collecting deaf people’s life histories; and documenting and analyzing successful and failed deaf movements for promoting deaf people’s empowerment. However, little has been done to document the situation of deaf women in Japan. Generally, deaf women around the world struggle with barriers related to social class, culture, legal rights, labor force participation, family structure, and power. Recently, deaf women may access a variety of services, such as education, employment, childcare, health care, and mental health services. However, little is known about their experiences as deaf women. This presentation will explore the realities of, and critical issues related to, deaf women in Japan. We will begin by summarizing the “Deaf Studies Project” and explain the project’s current approach. We will follow this with a broad empirical description of the “Deaf Women Studies” project, and a review of educational, research, documentation, and networking strategies for empowering deaf women. We also describe the life history of a deaf woman who lived through the late 20th century and present a study of deaf women’s views on opportunities, career prospects, and work–family conflicts. Following this, we summarize selected approaches to deaf women centered development to promote their self-esteem and self-confidence development, effective community and social participation, and awareness of their social and political rights. We will conclude this presentation with a discussion about using these findings to progressively expand the public policy dialog about funding for and development of services to adequately meet deaf women’s needs, not only in Japan but worldwide.

Deaf Women's Participation, Movements, and Rights: Learning from the Experiences of Deaf Women in Japan

Deaf Women's Participation, Movements, and Rights: Learning from the Experiences of Deaf Women in Japan

Access to healthcare for deaf people: a model from a middle-income country in Latin America.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To determine if there are existing healthcare access inequities among the deaf Chilean population when compared to the general Chilean population.METHODS Data were obtained from a population-based national survey in Chile. In total, 745 prelingually deaf individuals were identified. The number of times the person used the healthcare system was dichotomized and analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model.RESULTS Prelingually deaf people had lower incomes, fewer years of education, and greater rates of unemployment and poverty when compared with the general population. Moreover, they visited more general practitioners, mental health specialists, and other medical specialists. On average, they attended more appointments for depression but had fewer general checkups and gynecological appointments than the general population.CONCLUSIONS Deaf people in Chile have a lower socioeconomic status than the rest of the Chilean population. The results from this study are similar to the findings reported for high-income countries, despite differences in the magnitude of the associations between being deaf and healthcare access. Further studies should be conducted to determine the health status of deaf people in Chile and other Latin American countries and what factors are associated with a significantly lower prevalence of gynecological appointments among deaf women when compared with non-deaf women.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕЖИВАННЯ ПОЧУТТЯ САМОТНОСТІ ЖІНКАМИ З РІЗНИХ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ГРУП

The article presents the results of research on an experienced feeling of loneliness by women from different social groups. It was determined that an experienced feeling of loneliness by women was affected directly by the specific group membership. It was revealed as a trend that graver loneliness was observed in the group of women with disabilities, and the easiest one in the group of women at the temporarily occupied territory of Donbass or internally displaced women. The average level observed in the group of religious women from Kyiv. Existence or absence of children at women had no significant effect on women’s feeling of loneliness. The description indicated only that religious women in the penal colony or the disabled (deaf and dumb) women had graver loneliness than women at the temporarily occupied territory of Donbass, IDP or Kyivans. The identified psychological factors that affect loneliness: cheerfulness, personal potential (successful or failed), present or absent motivation for self-realization and an individual position in relation to herself and others: positive-indulgent or aggressive-negative (socially adapted or disadaptive). Women without motivation to achieve success or to personal development, with aggressive behaviour and negative attitude to themselves and others, experiencing conflicts are more socially desadaptive in society and feel lonely than women with good mood, positive attitudes to themselves and others, cheerful, who are motivated for self-realization and success.

Modern contraceptive methods knowledge and practice among blind and deaf women in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundEvidences from various parts of the world reveal that women with disabilities are facing widespread barriers in accessing public services. Service providers and program managers do not grasp the relevance of their work and interventions in addressing the sexual and reproductive health needs of women with disabilities. The present study therefore aimed to assess family planning knowledge and practice among women with sensory disabilities.MethodsA mixed method approach using quantitative and qualitative methods was employed to collect the data. The study included 326 blind and deaf women using respondent driven sampling technique and 29 purposely selected key informants. We carried out the study from August 2016–April 2017. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and the qualitative analysis was done using Open code software version 4.02 and triangulated with the quantitative findings.ResultsThe findings showed that nearly two third of the respondents of were sexually active. The majority (97.2%) of study respondents had heard about FP methods, however the level of comprehensive knowledge on modern contraceptive methods was 32.5%. The prevalence of unwanted pregnancy was 67.0% and abortion was 44%.Almost half of sexually active respondents ever used modern contraceptive methods, yet the contraceptive prevalence at the time of survey was 31.1%. Implants were the most commonly used (51%) contraceptive method among current users.ConclusionsThe use of modern contraceptive methods among women with sensory disabilities was low. Thus, the government and concerned organizations need to address the attitudinal, social, and physical barriers women with sensory disabilities are facing while seeking, accessing to and using family planning services.

Accesibilidad de las mujeres sordas al sistema público sanitario del País Vasco

ObjectiveTo explore what are the perceptions and experiences of deaf women in relation to accessibility to the Basque Public Health System (Osakidetza). As a secondary objective, explore the experience of these women about gender violence. MethodA qualitative study with exploratory design is developed. The selection of the informants was carried out through intentional sampling. Deaf women were invited to participate through the Federation of Deaf People of the Basque Country. Four discussion groups were developed between October 2013 and July 2014, with duration of 90-120minutes. The discussion groups were recorded in video for their later literal transcription in which the service of interpreters of sign language of Euskadi participated. Thematic analyses carried out. ResultsThree main categories arise: 1) feelings of discrimination and limitation of the principle of autonomy; 2) barriers and facilitators in the accessibility to the health system; and 3) vulnerability of deaf women as a result of the lack of communication. ConclusionsNowadays, deaf women continue having difficulties in accessing to the health system in our context. The results of this study can be the starting point for the development of health policies and institutional protocols.

İŞİTME ENGELLİ KADINLARA VERİLEN KENDİ KENDİNE MEME MUAYENESİ (KKMM) EĞİTİMİNİN ETKİNLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Bu araştırma, işitme engelli kadınlara verilen kendi kendine meme muayenesi (KKMM) eğitiminin etkinliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma eğitim müdahale çalışması olup, Manisa Sağır Spor Kulübü ve Sağırlar Derneği’ne üye işitme engelli kadınlarla yürütülmüştür (N:24). Kadınlara eğitim öncesi sosyo-demografik ve KKMM ile ilgili sorular işaret dili bilen araştırmacılar tarafından anlatılarak cevaplandırılmıştır. KKMM eğitimi, her kadına birebir, resimli anlatım ve meme maketi kullanılarak işaret dili ile yapılmıştır. Eğitimden altı hafta sonra, kadınlara maket üzerinde meme muayenesi yaptırılarak eğitimin etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Yaş ortalaması 21.00±1.38 olan kadınlar lise mezunu olup, çalışmaktadır. Eğitim öncesi, kadınların hiçbirinin KKMM hakkında bilgisinin olmadığı; eğitimden sonra tümünün KKMM bilgi ve becerisine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. ABSTRACT This research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Breast Self-exam (BSE) training for deaf women. The study was conducted as a training intervention study and the members of Manisa Deaf Sports Club and Deaf Association were conducted with deaf women (N: 24). The questionnaire about pre-education socio-demographic and BSE was given to women by the researchers who knew the sign language. BSE training was done with sign language by using individual expression, picture expression and breast model for each woman. Six weeks after the training, women were assessed for efficacy by having a breast examination performed on the model. Women with a mean age of 21.00 ± 1.38 are high school graduates and work. Before the training, none of the women had knowledge of the BSE; After training, it was found that all of them learned knowledge and skills of BSE.

Deaf Women's Health: Adherence to Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Recommendations

No prevalence studies on cancer screening adherence among Deaf women have been conducted in the past decade. Current data on breast and cervical cancer screening are needed from Deaf women who adhered or did not adhere to the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force screening guidelines. The objectives of this study were to assess whether disparities for cancer screening adherence persist for Deaf women compared with the general population and whether racial and ethnic disparities for adherence exist among Deaf women. Data for adherence to Pap (n=529, Deaf women; n=1,119, hearing women) and mammogram screening (n=324, Deaf women; n=1,086, hearing women) were drawn from the Health Information National Trends Survey in American Sign Language (Deaf women; February-August 2017 and October 2017-May 2018) and the Health Information National Trends Survey 5, Cycle 1, data set (hearing women; January-May 2017). Data were analyzed in 2018. Propensity score model of the weighed samples estimated the probability of adherence among the entire sample and within the sample of Deaf women for each screening test. About 78% (n=415) of age-eligible Deaf women and 85% (n=956) of age-eligible hearing women adhered to Pap screening recommendations (p<0.001). For breast cancer screening, the adherence rates for 245 Deaf women and 891 hearing women were 76% and 82%, respectively (p<0.01). After adjusting for correlates, for Deaf women, disparities remained for cervical cancer screening but not breast cancer screening. Race and ethnicity were not associated with cancer screening adherence. This is a call to action for targeted, accessible health promotion interventions for age-eligible Deaf women to increase adherence to cervical cancer screening.

Boarding Mumbai trains: the mutual shaping of intersectionality and mobility

ABSTRACTThis article analyses how intersectionality and mobility shape each other in the case of deaf women who board the Mumbai suburban trains, which have separate compartments reserved for women and for people with disabilities. These compartments being adjacent, deaf women often make last-minute decisions where to board, and even happen to switch compartments at a further station. Here, intersectionality shapes mobility in that it entails a complex and changeable, context-dependent set of strategies and decisions. Mobility shapes intersectionality in that by being mobile, people assert or develop different aspects of their lived experiences, preferences and aspirations.

Activities of the Imperial Philanthropic Society at Its Early Stage of Formation (1802-1820)

The article is devoted to establishment and work of Imperial Mercy Fund in the first years of its existence. This Fund was one of the hugest charity organization in Europe in 19th century. The paper attempts to trace the development of Russian public consciousness in the early 19th century in relation to poor people. Traditionally, the problem of the relationship between society and power, which are considered in the study, is relevant. Based on historical sources, the general nature of the Fund's activity at the beginning of its foundation is presented, the data on the funds allocated from the state treasury for the needs of the poor Russian population. There is the number of people who received assistance; the number of open houses of charity are exist in the article. The paper describes the creation of the Medical and Philanthropic Committee, its activities, sources of funding and effectiveness. Special attention is paid to the establishment of hospitals for the poor people – dispensaries, that provided assistance to people who have suffered an accident, the disabled, deaf and pregnant women. A list of doctors and their addresses to which the reception of poor patients was conducted. The committees (departments) of the Mercy Fund are listed, and their functions are described. The article particularly covers the structure of the Committee on education, whose tasks included the development of projects, translation of books, publication of newspapers and magazines promoting the idea of charity in Russia, maintaining relations with other Russian and foreign charity societies. Particular attention is paid to the description of the Institute of the Blind – Russia's first medical school for blind children (homeless or children from poor families), as well as the establishment of the House of Education for poor boys and orphans. The content of the curriculum, the structure of education, the amount of funding are described in the article.

Genetic testing and eHealth usage among Deaf women.

In the past decade, accessible information in American Sign Language (ASL) about cancer and genetic testing is expanding on eHealth platforms, including social network sites, commercial sites, and mobile apps. Primary data on genetic testing awareness and genetic testing for BRCA 1/2 among Deaf women were gathered using HINTS-ASL survey between November 2016 and April 2018, and secondary data for hearing women were drawn from NCI's HINTS 5 Cycle 1 survey in 2017. Deaf women who had heard of DNA testing (63%) were more likely to be young adults, college graduates, and/or have a family history of cancer. Compared to hearing women, Deaf women who had heard of genetic testing were more likely to use social networking sites to read or share information about medical topics and watch health-related videos. Making eHealth platforms accessible in ASL and easy-to-understand text can help reduce knowledge gap in genetic testing, since some Deaf women may not be using genetic testing to help identify whether they are at increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer early on, before they are diagnosed with cancer.