Deadly Coronavirus Research Articles

Role of Pakistani Mainstream and Social Media all through Contagion of Covid-19

The main purpose and objective of the study is to examine the role of mainstream and social media during corona virus scourge in Pakistan. The study used the media dependency theory for analysis and used the survey method for the data collection. The researcher collects a sample of 200 men and women by using purposive sampling. Study advocates that most of the respondents believe that mainstream media provides the needed awareness and authentic information for the prevention and control of Covid-19 they believe that mainstream media is reliable to acquire knowledge about corona virus as compare to social media study reveals that there is a need to improve the standards of communication of social media because results of the research suggest that social media not proving itself responsible to play a part for the prevention and control of deadly corona virus research it spreads fake news, misinform about corona and propagate conspiracy theories as well.

Organizational resilience and employee performance in COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating effect of emotional intelligence

PurposeThe explosion of the deadly coronavirus (COVID-19) has led to an unprecedented crisis lately, which has adversely affected the performance level of professionals in the educational sector worldwide because of numerous constraints, imposition of the lockdown being one of those. Organizational resilience (OReg) and emotional intelligence (EI) discretely have been identified as indicators of employee performance (EP) over the years, but during the period of crisis, it has scarcely been analysed. Therefore, this study aims to examine the mediating role of EI on the relationship between OReg and EP in such a global pandemic.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 390 samples including teaching and non-teaching professionals working in higher educational institutions (HEIs) were collected from different HEIs located in India through online survey questionnaires. The collected data was further analysed using regression analysis, factor analysis, structural equation modelling along with bootstrapping technique, reliability and validity analysis, mediation analysis and model fit indices analysis.FindingsThe results of the study confirmed the partial mediation effect of EI on the OReg-EP relationship, and further results also exhibited that employees with a higher level of EI, contribute more positively to the OReg level, which further enhances the performance level at the workplace.Research limitations/implicationsThe samples collected for the current study pertain to the HEIs only, and therefore the present study results have limited general applicability. Furthermore, the study does not investigate the influence of time.Practical implicationsThis study would assist practitioners of HEIs in improving the resilience capabilities of the organization. EP can be improved by enhancing the levels of OReg and individual emotional intelligence, which is in line with the findings of the current study.Social implicationsIn the COVID-19 pandemic, worldwide the students are affected due to the transition to online teaching. This study will help HEI’s to cope up with the student’s loss by being flexible in approach for the retention of performance of employees by taking care of their emotional needs and focusing on their skill development by providing a learning culture in a depressing time of the pandemic so that students will not suffer due to this rapid change without any preparation or previous experience in a pandemic.Originality/valueThe current study examines the mediating effect of EI on the OReg and EP relationship for the first time in HEIs in India.

Fear and depressive symptoms amid COVID-19: A cross-sectional pilot study among adult population in Bangladesh

BackgroundFear is a primary emotional reaction to the deadly coronavirus disease which might be an associated factor for developing depressive symptoms. This study aimed to assess the level and associated factors of fear and depression amid the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population of Bangladesh. MethodsAfter providing informed consent, 1050 participants completed the cross-sectional online survey tool. Depressive symptoms and fear were assessed through the PHQ-9 and validated fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed to predict potential factors of fear and depression. ResultsThe study finds that females had higher scores for fear of COVID-19 scale (β1' = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.47) and Patient Health Questionnaire (β2' = 1.92; 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.88) than their male counterpart. Respondents considering the virus to be extremely dangerous had higher scores for FCV-19S (β1' = 1.55; 95% CI: 0.66 to 2.44) and PHQ-9 (β2 = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.25 to 2.92). Similarly, respondents considering themselves unsafe and very worried about the virus had increased scores for both FCV-19S and PHQ-9. On other hand, people those were reluctant to use masks (β1' = -1.58; 95% CI: -3.12 to -0.04) or seek doctors’ advice (β1' = -0.93; 95% CI: -1.83 to -0.02) if COVID-19 symptoms appear, had comparatively lower scores for FCV-19S. ConclusionsFear of COVID-19 and depression were found to be associated with some specific knowledge, attitude & preparedness towards COVID-19 which should be adequately addressed in public health strategies to prevent the virus.

An Updated Review of Computer-Aided Drug Design and Its Application to COVID-19.

The recent outbreak of the deadly coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic poses serious health concerns around the world. The lack of approved drugs or vaccines continues to be a challenge and further necessitates the discovery of new therapeutic molecules. Computer-aided drug design has helped to expedite the drug discovery and development process by minimizing the cost and time. In this review article, we highlight two important categories of computer-aided drug design (CADD), viz., the ligand-based as well as structured-based drug discovery. Various molecular modeling techniques involved in structure-based drug design are molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation, whereas ligand-based drug design includes pharmacophore modeling, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSARs), and artificial intelligence (AI). We have briefly discussed the significance of computer-aided drug design in the context of COVID-19 and how the researchers continue to rely on these computational techniques in the rapid identification of promising drug candidate molecules against various drug targets implicated in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The structural elucidation of pharmacological drug targets and the discovery of preclinical drug candidate molecules have accelerated both structure-based as well as ligand-based drug design. This review article will help the clinicians and researchers to exploit the immense potential of computer-aided drug design in designing and identification of drug molecules and thereby helping in the management of fatal disease.

Impacts of COVID-19 on the Economy of Pakistan

The deadly coronavirus has affected not only the lives of the people but also the economies of all states of the world. Mainly the lockdown to control the spread of the virus has affected economies. The primary objective of this study was to explore the impacts of novel coronavirus pneumonia on the economy of Pakistan and the government response to it. It has also severely affected the already vulnerable economy of Pakistan by limiting the economic activities, a lot of industrial units and small and medium-sized enterprises either stopped or limited their productions, foreign trade decreased by 40.74 percent, affected the services sector, reduced the tax collection volume, 2.06 million people lost their jobs, increased poverty ratio, tourism industry ruined, and GDP recorded negative for the first time in the history (0.38 percent). The pandemic not only affected the economy of the state but also severely affected the individual economies. The government of Pakistan released some relief packages for industries and poor people but could not control the impacts of a pandemic on the economy. Pakistan is required to formulate and implement comprehensive microeconomic policies to reduce economic losses.

CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19): A LITERATURE REVIEW

In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan, China's Hubei province. On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization and International Public Health declared the outbreak an emergency, and as of 23.03.2021, laboratory-approved 123,097,155 cases and 2,716,151 deaths were reported worldwide. The perceived risk of disease has led many countries to adopt various control measures. Emerging genetic and clinical evidence suggests a pathway similar to SARS and MERS. Potential therapeutic strategies that are currently being evaluated derive mainly from previous experience with Covid-19 treatment. Although several potential treatments for COVID-19 with SARS and MERS have been identified in animal and in vitro models, human clinical trials are still lacking, which hinders the progress of potential measures. This review requires an overview of the three major deadly coronaviruses and an assessment of risk factors applicable lessons to stop their spread by leveraging lessons learned from the first two deadly coronavirus outbreaks by identifying areas for improvement in future preparedness plans. The first lessons from the persistence and spread of the outbreak can help inform public health officials and medical practitioners in their efforts to combat its progress. Also, in this review, the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine strategies of the disease are reviewed.

The Impact of Signals Transmission on Patients' Choice through E-Consultation Websites: An Econometric Analysis of Secondary Datasets.

(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically and rapidly changed the overall picture of healthcare in the way how doctors care for their patients. Due to the significant strain on hospitals and medical facilities, the popularity of web-based medical consultation has drawn the focus of researchers during the deadly coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the United States. Healthcare organizations are now reacting to COVID-19 by rapidly adopting new tools and innovations such as e-consultation platforms, which refer to the delivery of healthcare services digitally or remotely using digital technology to treat patients. However, patients’ utilization of different signal transmission mechanisms to seek medical advice through e-consultation websites has not been discussed during the pandemic. This paper examines the impact of different online signals (online reputation and online effort), offline signals (offline reputation) and disease risk on patients’ physician selection choice for e-consultation during the COVID-19 crisis. (2) Methods: Drawing on signaling theory, a theoretical model was developed to explore the antecedents of patients’ e-consultation choice toward a specific physician. The model was tested using 3-times panel data sets, covering 4231 physicians on Healthgrades and Vitals websites during the pandemic months of January, March and May 2020. (3) Results: The findings suggested that online reputation, online effort and disease risk were positively related to patients’ online physician selection. The disease risk has also affected patients’ e-consultation choice. A high-risk disease positively moderates the relationship between online reputation and patients’ e-consultation choice, which means market signals (online reputation) are more influential than seller signals (offline reputation and online effort). Hence, market signals strengthened the effect in the case of high-risk disease. (4) Conclusions: The findings of this study provide practical suggestions for physicians, platform developers and policymakers in online environments to improve their service quality during the crisis. This article offers a practical guide on using emerging technology to provide virtual care during the pandemic. This study also provides implications for government officials and doctors on the potentials of consolidating virtual care solutions in the near future in order to contribute to the integration of emerging technology into healthcare.

Full Body Sanitizing Tunnel To Tackle Covid-19

As we know the deadly Coronavirus is spreading very fastly across the world it’s almost around 12 months gone but still, there is lack of vaccine manufacturer in India , the only way to stay protect and safe is in the form of taking precautions which may be in the terms of wearing PPE’s, masks, hand gloves, washing/sanitizing hands at regular interval and maintaining social distancing. The impact of Coronavirus is very deadly so precaution is very necessary. At the very early stage, the Govt. realized the threat by Coronavirus and implemented a nationwide lockdown which led to a drastic decrease in the chance of community spread. And we all experienced the lockdown and now we are in the second phase of deadly coronavirus and lockdown all over but country can’t be in lockdown forever otherwise it’s economy will be hit badly. So, in Unlock 1.O in first phase all the businesses and shops opened increasing the chance of spread of corona. So, first, all these shops were using sanitizers for the customer to disinfect themselves. In the rouse of the COVID-19 Pandemic, the dangers of cross-contamination remain soaring high. The odds are especially high with asymptomatic patients who are capable of dispersion of the contagion, even though they might not experience any deadly symptoms of the disease. The Novel Coronavirus is known to stay lively on lifeless surfaces for a prolonged period. Thus, the need of the hour is to introduce machines that would capably eliminate the virus and encumber the rapid spread of it. the “Full Body Sanitizing Machine” – a Personnel Sanitization Enclosure (PSE) that can efficiently eradicate the risks of infection and infection in high traffic areas. Now, we can take the customer disinfection process a notch above by Full Body Sanitizing Machine which can be constructed very easily and is also very cheap to construct. It is a Door and tunnel kind, in which 2 sides bounded with the S.S. sheet and the extra 2 edges are exposed for entry and exit purposes and it can also be walled with plastic sheets. When human arrives in the tunnel or machine, at that time the sensor, which is placed at top centre and senses human body and gives output to the motor and motor gets activated and the whole system triggers and all 8-10 sprayers get triggered and starts to spray towards the centre of the tunnel and all 8-10 sprayers spray on the human body and it will routinely stop after 10-15 seconds. Because 10-15 seconds is enough for Sanitization. When Sprayer stops then humans can leave from the front side means the exit side. So, this machine can sanitize 4-5 humans in a minute and 250-300 humans in an hour.This could be manufactured both in the Tunnel form as well as in a single frame. But the tunnel is most effective because it will concentrate the spray on the human and in the frame design the spray will not work effectively due to wind or any other reason. So, this report focuses on the development and analysis of these types of tunnels as the time progresses in the pandemic of coronavirus without any effective vaccine these things are going to be in great demand.

Sustainable Closed-Loop Mask Supply Chain Network Design Using Mathematical Modeling and a Fuzzy Multi-Objective Approach

The outbreak of the deadly coronavirus, which is increasing the number of victims every day, has created many changes in today’s world. The use of various masks is the most important social tool against this virus. Given the importance of rapid and quality supply of masks in the current situation, it is necessary to study supply chain in particular. In this research, the design of a closed chain supply chain network for different types of masks is assessed. The studied supply chain includes suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers in the forward flow and collection centers, separate centers, recycling centers, and disposal centers in the backward flow. In this regard, a multi-objective mathematical model with the objectives of increasing the total profit and reducing the total environmental impact, and maximizing social responsibility is presented. The optimization of this mathematical model has been done using a fuzzy optimization approach in GAMS software. The results of this study show that maximizing the total profit and minimizing the environmental effects and maximizing social responsibility are in contrast to each other. In addition, the sensitivity analysis indicated that the customers’ demand can affect all aspects of the sustainable supply chain simultaneously.

Coronavirus Vaccine Distribution: Moving to a Race Conscious Approach for a Racially Disparate Problem.

Strikingly ignoring the critical impact of systemic racism in vulnerabilities to the deadly coronavirus, phase one of the vaccine rollout is not reaching the Black population that has suffered the most from COVID. An urgent need exists for a race-conscious approach that ensures equitable opportunities to both access and receive the vaccines.

A Safety Measuring Tool to Maintain Social Distancing On COVID-19 Using Deep Learning Approach

Due to this recent wave of the Deadly corona virus disease, which has spread widely all over the world, so physical or Social distancing has become a mandatory precaution to avoid close contact. As of January 2021, the count of affected cases is 10.8 million and recovered cases are 10.5 million and the death rate is 155 thousand. In conformity, we have proposed a system that elucidates the usage of Python, computer vision, and deep learning to monitor whether people are maintaining Social distance at public areas in roads, pathways, work places and, even in hospitals. For the purpose of monitoring social distances among people, we have developed a social distancing detection tool that can keep track of safe distance and determine the distance between people in order to reduce the impact of the corona virus pandemic by analyzing real-time video Streaming, such as CCTV or Camera which can be added with the security camera system at hospitals, workplaces, markets, Jewelers shop etc. As an output, the detection tool will throw A Voice alert or a Notification, so that people would be remained to maintain a social distance.

Emerging Public Health Paradigms in Relation to COVID-19: A Review

This paper provided a clear cut definition of pandemic as a disease that are widespread, spanning through borders of the world, affecting large populations. The new coronavirus is a pandemic that emerged in Wuhan, China as case of unidentified etiology. Global pandemics in the time past saw the emergence of debilitating diseases such as Bubonic Plague, Small Pox, Spanish flu, Hong Kong flu, H7N9, SARS, Zika virus, Ebola virus, H1N1 influenza virus and most recently COVID-19. The incidence, the spread, conspiracy theories and management/eradication of COVID-19 influenced the global politics on COVID-19. The paradigmatic approach to the novel coronavirus underscore the inadequacies, challenges and indifferences of government to health care sector pre- COVID-19 era. Strict adherence to guidelines by WHO and CDC is a major public health intervention to tackle COVID-19. Some of the public health approach to diminish COVID-19 are effective response measures, upscale testing, improved quarantine system and public enlightenment. Effort should made by agencies in the front line of vaccine production to speed up development of safe and effective vaccines and work with Government to ensure fair and equitable allocation of these vaccines to the populace. Plant based therapy for the treatment and management of COVID-19 should be investigated and promoted. If we must win the war against COVID-19, all countries under the United Nations should bridge the gap in knowledge sharing with regards to research into vaccine and drugs to combat the deadly coronavirus.

Considerations for systematic screening PK-12: universal screening for internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the COVID-19 era

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, PK-12 school buildings across the United States closed and educators quickly pivoted to remote and continuous learning opportunities to protect students and society as a whole from the deadly coronavirus. As educational leaders navigate the complexities for providing instruction during the 2020-2021 academic year, questions have arisen regarding systematic screening practices. At a time when many people—including students—are likely to be experiencing heightened emotional and behavioral challenges, educational leaders are seeking guidance on how to support students’ well-being. Systematic screening being a vital part of the response. In this manuscript, we offer considerations for conducting systematic screenings for internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the COVID-19 era. We recommend educators continue to screen, use multiple sources of data to inform programming, and screen responsibly. We close with our commitment to swiftly explore psychometric properties of the Student Risk Screen Scale for Internalizing and Externalizing (SRSS-IE) behaviors, to provide clarity on the reliability and validity of this free-access screening tool in the new and varied school contexts, and provide data-informed guidance to educational leaders.

Health Hazards and Protocol for Management of Used Facemasks Outside Hospitals during SARCOV-2 Pandemic

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious pathogenic disease leading to infection and death of millions of people all over the world till the date according to the data provided by John Hopkins University. Peoples have started using various types of mask to protect themselves from getting infected from the deadly corona virus. There has also been large amount of confusion in general public about disposal of the mask as most of them are using for first time in their life. Even healthcare professionals may be unaware of the methods of disposal of the masks outside their hospitals. This mask may carry infections from asymptomatic, SARS-CoV-2 patients that if it comes in contact with other peoples and animals may have severe bio health hazards. Observation & Management of facemasks: Since the SARS-COV-2 pandemic outbreak since March 2020, personally, we found out that peoples a carelessly throwing masks everywhere including streets, parking lots, beaches, building complexes, sewages and homes. These masks may have been used by asymptomatic carriers or have got infected with these viruses is hazardous not only to the health of the public but also for the household waste collectors, pet animals and marine animals. Disinfecting with sodium hypochlorite * decontaminating methods like washing facemasks and drying in sunlight, pressure cooker sterilisation method, boiling, by using laundry detergent and hot dryer and cleaning in washing machine, etc. Conclusion & Relevance: The objective of these articles is to alert the public & health care professionals to understand the hazards of throwing the facemasks at public places and preventive measure to be taken during this pandemic time and various methods of decontamination, pre-treatment and disposal of facemask avoiding severe health hazards.

Milestone of World Pandemics: A Review on Remedy for COVID-19 Diseases to Revitalize Human Race from Deadly Corona Virus

Viruses are microscopic organisms that can only grow within living host cells. Various types of animals such as Rats, Bat, Cows, snakes, and related wild animals can serve as vehicles of transmission of this group of organisms. Novel SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Coronaviridae family that was reported to have emanated from Wuhan, China in December 2019. It alerts world response against strange viral respiratory disease. As the world reflects on pandemics historically. Epidemics like the London plague of 1665 and the Plague that emanates from Marseille, France of 1720 claimed millions of lives. Among the most dreadful world pandemics are the “Antonine Plague” which occurred in 165AD and claimed 5 million lives in Egypt, Asia, Italy, and Greece. “Plague of Justinian” was reported to have occurred between the years 541 and 542. In addition to this, “The Flu Pandemic” is also referred to as Spanish flu ravaged the world during the year 1918 to 1920, which is about a century ago.”3rd Plague of 1855” originated from China and was responsible for the death of 10 million Indians within one year.” The Black Death” which is a 7 years long pandemic devastated the world between the years 1346 to 1353. It leads to the death of half of the global population and was by far the worst pandemic. HIV-AIDS has peak record deaths between 2005-2012. In the year 2019/2020 COVID-19 broke out severely than MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV which occurred in recent years. One possible best approach for the control of COVID-19 diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2 is to improve the hosts’ immune system. Evidence shows that inflammatory conditions militate against the immune systems of COVID-19 patients. Some other control strategies will include the use of face masks, physical distancing, hand washing, or use of alcohol-based sanitizers and related personal hygiene are important to contain the diseases.

Drug repurposing in the treatment of COVID-19: A review

The first outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019 and declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Currently, there is no proven effective vaccine or therapeutic agent to combat the deadly coronavirus disease. Currently, prevention from the infection, control measures and supportive care help to treat against COVID-19. Until an effective vaccine is available for COVID-19 infection, one can repurpose known therapeutic agents that block the entry of the virus into the host cell and control the COVID-19 infection. Drug repurposing is the new use of old drugs. In this review, the most common and possible drug treatment for COVID-19 is highlighted. The therapeutic agents include antiviral drugs like Remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir and oseltamivir and other agents. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these therapeutic agents in COVID-19 patients.

Intelligent Software-Aided Contact Tracing Framework: Towards Real-Time Model-Driven Prediction of Covid-19 Cases in Nigeria

As many countries around the world are trying to live with the deadly coronavirus by adhering to the safety measures put in place by their government as regulated by World Health Organization (WHO), it becomes very vital to continuously trace patients with COVID-19 symptoms for isolation, quarantine and treatment. In this work, an intelligent software-aided contact tracing for real-time model-driven prediction of COVID-19 cases is proposed utilizing COVID-19 dataset from kaggle.com. The dataset is preprocessed using One-Hot encoding and Principal Component Analysis. Isolation Forest algorithm is used to train and predict COVID-19 cases. The performance of the model is evaluated using Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1-Score. The intelligent software-aided contact tracing framework has four layers: symptoms, modeling/prediction, cloud storage/contact routing and contact tracers. The contact tracing system is an android application that receives symptom values, predict it and automatically send the prediction result together with user’s contact and location details to the closest contact tracer via the Firebase real-time database. The closest contact tracer is determined by employing a dynamic routing algorithm (contact routing algorithm) that uses Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol to compute the distance between two geographic locations (user and contact tracer) and chooses a contact tracer with shortest distance to the patient utilizing a unicast routing technique (routing a patient to a contact tracer in a one-to-one relationship). The predictive model along with the android application for software-aided contact tracing is implemented using the python, and Java programming language on Pycharm and Android Studio IDE respectively. This Framework is capable of predicting COVID-19 patients, notifying contact tracers of positive cases for proper follow-up which can subsequently curtail the spread of the virus.

Demographic, psychological, and environmental factors affecting student's health during the COVID-19 pandemic: on the rocks.

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is spreading exponentially, increasing fear, depression, and other mental health disorders in the general public. Pakistan’s economy is suffered mainly by the novel coronavirus. The massive healthcare expenditures bring inadequacy to manage COVID-19. The study explored the effects of coronavirus fear among the students who remain in their homes due to educational institutions’ closure. The study results show that female students mostly fear the coronavirus pandemic compared to their male counterparts that negatively impact their health. The “age” of the students and “household size” positively impact students’ health, while the student’s existing “healthcare profile” is not competitive enough to escape from the deadly coronavirus. The “knowledge” for the coronavirus pandemic and its prevention guidelines is the only solution to contain coronavirus. Simultaneously, “ignorance” is the foremost factor that could be more dangerous to spread coronavirus among the students; besides the COVID-19 pandemic, students and general public health mainly suffered from environmental pollution. The current epidemic also exacerbated environmental concerns among students isolated in their homes, and their outdoor activities are primarily limited. Hence, the student’s quality of life is exposed mainly to environmental pollution over time. The “healthcare expenditures” and “government support” both are not competitive enough to control novel coronavirus. Thus, it required more sustainable strategic policies and national unity to controlled coronavirus with firm conviction and provincial synchronization.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-12991-x.

COVID-19 to Curb Positive Climate and Negative Recession

A novel coronavirus originated COVID-19 a pandemic disease that is rapidly progressing and spreading the infection and death cases thorough out the globe [1-2]. It's an alarming situation for an individual's survival. As a remedial action, many countries opted for curfews or lockdown and serious actions were taken by the government to stop the spreading of novel coronavirus by shutting down private industries, schools, offices, and many more nonessential businesses. The outcome of lockdown resulted in almost negligible use of polluting vehicles, and industries which has direct setbacks on the global economy. The lockdown option showed a positive impact on health by minimizing the risk of COVID-19 infectivity as well as environmental rejuvenate in terms of tremendous improvement in air quality, sound pollution reduction, and ultimately the ozone layer healing. Thus, a precautionary measure taken against pandemic disease COVID-19 would have a positive impact on climate change at the global level. The financial activity has caught up and stock markets have to plummet alongside the declining environmental pollution including carbon emissions, sound, and natural water resources. It's the precise opposite of the drive towards a sustainable economy that many have been a campaigner for the future. But, a negative setback of COVID-19 toll of early deaths of family belongings, food scarcity, loss of jobs, struggle to earn the daily bread, family security, homesick and mental sickness. The widespread job losses would be in danger the income source of millions as businesses are struggling to cope with the limitations being put in place to control the deadly coronavirus during the lockdown period. Thus, I urge every national, public-private organization, research institutes to take early remedial strategies for the negatively affected community surveillance, health encouragement, education, food security, and job opportunities to control the 21st century’s biggest recession [3]. COVID-19 impacted improvement in the environmental air and water quality is a natural healing process and all nationals must maintain it in the future by adopting good hygiene and behavioral practices.

Care Delivery and Treatment Decision Making: Bioethical and Nursing Considerations During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The disruption in the supply chain of resources and interruptions in cancer treatments caused by the pandemic presented tremendous challenges to the healthcare system. This article describes the National Academy of Medicine-defined states of medical and nursing care delivery for which local plans should be drawn and the shifting and evolving systems framework that can guide decisions to optimize the crisis standards of care. A case study is presented to describe the process of shifting the state of medical and nursing care delivery and bioethical nursing considerations during the pandemic and beyond. An evolving and shifting systems framework for crises rooted in deontology, principlism, and the ethics of care model provide meaningful guidance for establishing priorities for patient care.