Deacidification Of Rice Bran Oil Research Articles

Application of magnetic immobilized enzyme of nano dialdehyde starch in deacidification of rice bran oil

Glutaraldehyde is usually used as a cross-linking agent in the immobilization of enzymes, but this will have a negative effect on the enzyme. Dialdehyde starch can effectively replace glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent, but the large particle size of dialdehyde starch affects the performance of immobilized enzyme. In this study, dialdehyde starch nanoparticles (DSNP) were combined with modified Fe3O4 to obtain magnetic carrier (MDSNP), and Candida Antarctica lipase B (CALB) was crosslinked to the carrier to obtain magnetic immobilized enzyme (MDSNPCALB). The characterization results show that the functional groups of each material have obvious characteristic absorption peaks, strong diffraction peaks and typical crystal structures, high magnetism, no coercivity, relatively good dispersion and nano particle size. MDSNPCALB was added to degummed rice bran oil (RBO) and ethanolamine was used as an acyl receptor for acylation and deacidification. After repeated use for 10 times, MDSNPCALB remained highly active, indicating that MDSNPCALB can be effectively used for the deacidification of RBO.

Extraction of Rice Bran Oil from Rice Bran by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Extraction of Rice Bran Oil from Rice Bran by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Deacidification of rice bran oil using a deep eutectic solvent

The liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) will be applied in this study using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) of choline chloride and ethylene glycol with a 1:2 molar ratio. The LLE process will compare the results of removing free fatty acids (FFAs) between single and multiple extractions. Rice bran oil (RBO) with various initial FFAs contents (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 60%, w/w) and γ -oryzanol (2%, w/w) are used in this study. Deacidification is carried out by mixing RBO with a certain level of FFAs and γ -oryzanol, a volume ratio of RBO: solvent (DES) = 1:2, and total extraction time in multiple LLE was 1200 min. (240 min./stage x 5 stage). It was obtained that the removal of FFAs in the single LLE are 10.04%, 23.28%, 13.43%, 17.55%, and 17.49%, respectively, while in the multiple LLE are 48.64%, 60.37%, 63.13%, 63.15%, and 41.79%, respectively, for RBO with an initial FFAs content of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 60%, respectively. The losses of γ-oryzanol in the single LLE are 48.32%, 61.26%, 73.32%, 74.22%, and 89.59%, respectively, while in the multiple LLE are 87.16%, 95.58%, 99.14%, 99.77%, and 99.77%, respectively, for RBO with an initial FFAs content of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 60%, respectively. Deacidification of RBO using DES in the multiple LLE removed FFAs 3.63 times higher than that in the single LLE. However, the losses of γ-oryzanol increased in the multiple LLE which is 1.43 times higher than that in the single LLE.

Preservation of minor components and deacidification of rice bran oil using strong anionic resin

Rice bran oil presents high levels of tocopherols/tocotrienols and gamma-oryzanol, which are recognized for their nutraceutical effects. However, these minor compounds can be sensitive to the traditional refining processes, which necessarily include a deacidification step. Therefore, alternative processes are required to preserve these nutraceuticals in the deacidified oil. This study aimed to investigate an alternative deacidification process based on strongly basic anion exchange resin. Aiming to evaluate the adsorption process efficiencies, breakthrough curves were obtained for systems containing Amberlyst A26 OH and a miscella composed of 50% by mass of degummed rice bran oil, with natural acidity (9.74% by mass), and n-propanol. The resin showed a high capacity for removing free fatty acids (90%–99% removal efficiency), and the adsorption process yielded deacidified rice bran oil with a reduced phosphorus content (2.2 mg/kg), preserving 83% of the gamma-oryzanol and 100% of the tocopherols/tocotrienols. Practical applications A softer deacidification process than traditional methods is proposed in this study. It permits to remove free fatty acids, preserving minor compounds of interest, notably nutraceutical compounds in the deacidified oil. The use of anion exchange resins in this step of refining process minimizes the effluent generation when compared to chemical refining, besides could be accomplished under milder conditions of pressure and temperature than physical refining.

Wet-spun nanoTiO2/chitosan nanocomposite fibers as efficient and retrievable absorbent for the removal of free fatty acids from edible oil

Here we propose a wet-spinning assembly approach to continuously spin nanoTiO2/chitosan (CS) nanocomposite fibers, which are used directly as absorbents to remove free fatty acids (FFA) from edible oils. The morphology of nanoTiO2 and nanoTiO2/CS nanocomposite fibers was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The structure of the fibers was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and wide angel X-ray diffractometry (WAXD). Moreover, the mechanical property, thermal stability, and antibacterial activity of the fibers were evaluated. These fibers were used for the deacidification of rice bran oil and the acid value of the oil was found decreased from 4.53 ± 0.15 to 1.07 ± 0.06 mg KOH/g within 5 h with a 10 wt % load at 50 ℃. The combination of wet-spinning technology and excellent performance of nanoTiO2/CS nanocomposite fibers paves the way to eco-friendly and sustainable material for FFA removal.

Enzymatic deacidification of the rice bran oil and simultaneous preparation of phytosterol esters-enriched functional oil catalyzed by immobilized lipase arrays

Novel ordered mesoporous silica immobilized lipase arrays are described for enzymatic deacidification of the high-acid rice bran oil and simultaneous preparation of phytosterol esters-enriched functional oil.

Deacidification of rice bran oil by liquid–liquid extraction using a renewable solvent

The deacidification of rice bran oil by continuous liquid–liquid extraction using aqueous ethanol as the solvent was investigated in a perforated rotating disc column (PRDC). The influence of partial acylglycerols and minor compounds, such as phosphorus and nutraceutical compounds, on the free fatty acid mass transfer was observed. The experimental results show that total deacidification by solvent extraction is feasible. The losses in neutral oil, tocols and γ-oryzanol were significantly lower than those reported in the literature for alkali or physical refining of rice bran oil. A simulation of the extraction process was also performed, and the simulated results were in good agreement with the experimental data.

Degumming, Dewaxing and Deacidification of Rice Bran Oil‐Hexane Miscella Using Ceramic Membrane: Pilot Plant Study

AbstractAn indigenously developed low‐cost clay‐alumina‐based ceramic microfiltration membrane of 19‐channel configuration has been evaluated for degumming, dewaxing and deacidification of rice bran oil (RBO) miscella having different oil contents at pilot scale. Rice bran wax and soap particles in miscella will aggregate with changes in temperature. This suggests a technique for their effective separation. Low‐temperature cross‐flow membrane filtration was used for single‐stage degumming‐dewaxing and showed 70 % and 80 % removal of acetone insoluble residue from two RBO miscella samples, respectively. Color reduction was 50 %, and oryzanol retention was 70 %. NaOH was used for deacidification in a 10 % excess of that required based on the free fatty acid content in oil. This reduced free fatty acids to 0.2 %. Operating for 10 h with a 0.7 bar trans‐membrane pressure, permeate fluxes of 15 and 8 L/m2 hr were obtained for the degumming‐dewaxing and deacidification operations, respectively. The process has advantages, such as high micronutrient content (1.56 % oryzanol) and negligible oil loss (2.6 %). Moreover, ceramic membrane processing of RBO miscella could be an effective pre‐treatment step with respect to micronutrient enrichment, elimination of heating, neutral oil recovery and a viable option for solvent separation.

The feline amniotic membrane: a valuable alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells

The deacidification of rice bran oil by continuous liquid–liquid extraction using aqueous ethanol as the solvent was investigated in a perforated rotating disc column (PRDC). The influence of partial acylglycerols and minor compounds, such as phosphorus and nutraceutical compounds, on the free fatty acid mass transfer was observed. The experimental results show that total deacidification by solvent extraction is feasible. The losses in neutral oil, tocols and γ-oryzanol were significantly lower than those reported in the literature for alkali or physical refining of rice bran oil. A simulation of the extraction process was also performed, and the simulated results were in good agreement with the experimental data.

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and deacidification of rice bran oil

This study examined pilot-scale extraction and lab-scale deacidification of rice bran oil by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2). Two purest gamma-oryzanols (γ-oryzanols) (>98 wt%) were initially obtained by preparative reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction at 300 bar and 313 K from 1.03 kg powdered rice bran indicated a total yield of oil of 15.7% with a free fatty acids content of 3.75%, obtained from 20.5 kg of carbon dioxide in 8 h. In the SC-CO 2 deacidification, pressure ranged from 200 bar to 300 bar, temperature ranged from 343 K to 363 K and consumption of carbon dioxide ranged from 900 g to 2700 g: the efficiency of removal of free fatty acids from 13 g extracted oil in deacidification at 250 bar and 353 K reached 97.8% using 2700 g of carbon dioxide. Finally, three-factor center composite scheme of response surface methodology was employed in designing a SC-CO 2 deacidification system, which demonstrated that the pressure and consumption of carbon dioxide are significant in retaining triglycerides and in removing free fatty acids from rice bran oil.

Effect of caustic refining, solvent refining and steam refining on the deacidification and color of rice bran oil

AbstractDegummed rice bran oil was deacidified by caustic, solvent and steam refining processes. The steam refining process was optimized through a series of experiments with varying refining times (1–5 hr), temperatures (220–280 C) and amounts of steam (4–20%), at a pressure of 4 mmHg. The most significant factors affecting the degree of deacidification were the refining temperature and amount of steam. The correlation coefficient between quadratic equation obtained and experimental results was 0.96. Acid value and color of steam refined oil were not as good as those of caustic refined oil, but steam refining showed better retention of natural antioxidants than caustic or solvent refining. Steam refining is preferred for deacidification of rice bran oil because of reduced neutral oil loss and elimination of soap production.The important criteria in selecting a deacidification process are known to be the degree of deacidification, neutral oil loss, effect on bleaching and production of soapstock (2,8–10). In comparing caustic refining, solvent refining and steam refining, caustic refining of degummed rice bran oil resulted in satisfactory acid values and color but showed the worst result in neutral oil loss and produced large amounts of soapstock. Solvent refining was not shown to be efficient because of poor deacidification, high losses of neutral oil and darkening of color. Steam refining also was less effective than caustic refining in deacidification and bleaching. However, the degree of deacidification could be improved by development of a process to remove all the free fatty acids (8), and the color problem could be eliminated by including a preliminary bleaching step before steam distillation (10). The application of steam refining to rice bran oil will result in many advantages such as reduced neutral oil loss, no production of soap, and the production of high purity, industrial fatty acids.