De Sonora Research Articles

Evidencia de variación morfológica en una población de refugio aislada del cachorrito de Sonoyta (Cyprinodon eremus) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae)

The Sonoyta pupfish (Cyprinodon eremus) is an endangered species endemic to the Sonoyta River basin in northwestern Mexico and southwestern United States. To assist the conservation efforts for this species in Mexico, a refuge population was established in an artificial pond in 1988 at Centro Ecológico de Sonora in Hermosillo, Sonora by translocating individuals from the Sonoyta River population. We used multivariate morphometric methods to delineate body shape variations in the refuge population after 29 years of isolation in comparison with wild individuals collected from the same sample. Significant variations were observed in the body shape between the refuge and wild populations. These variations are potentially attributable to different environmental conditions that influenced the refuge and wild populations.

Depressive symptoms in pregnant women treated at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora

Introduction. Pregnancy, being a situation of vulnerability and with its inherent changes, places women at a great risk of depression. In Mexico, the prevalence of probable depression in pregnant women treated at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, was 17.8%, assessed using the Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS). To date, there are no data regarding this issue in Sonora. Objective. To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in pregnant women treated at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (México). Method. An observational, descriptive, transversal, and prospective study was conducted in 2021, applying the EPDS in 168 2nd/3rd trimester pregnant women, selected by non-probabilistic sampling by consecutive cases. Sociodemographic variables, pathological/non-pathological, gynecological, and obstetrical personal history were explored. The analysis was performed using measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables; for qualitative variables, frequency and percentage; χ2 test to assess differences in distribution of depressive symptomatology by age and the rest of variables. Results. A global prevalence of “probable depression” of 14.3% was determined. The majority, within 20-29 age group, with a partner and a planned/desired pregnancy. High school educational level, 50%. History of intimate partner violence, 54.2%. Almost 40%, primigravida. Substance use, denied. Overweight/obesity, in 70%. Discussion and conclusion. There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy, going unnoticed for reasons such as insufficient knowledge (patient/health care providers), since there is no routine screening. It is imperative to work on prevention, detection and treatment, since it entails multiple consequences at a binomial, family, and social level.

Usefulness of lung ultrasound in the evaluation of children with lower respiratory tract infection in the emergency room.

Lung ultrasound is a bedside tool that allows the evaluation of pulmonary parenchymal involvement in pediatric patients through the lung ultrasound score (LUS). We aimed to evaluate a group of patients under 3 years of age with lower respiratory tract infections using LUS at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora. We included patients younger than 3 years admitted to the emergency department with lower respiratory tract infections. A lung ultrasound was performed within the first 24 h of admission to the emergency department and evaluated using LUS. We analyzed age, sex, etiology of infection, days of stay, use of mechanical ventilation, Downes scale, failure of mechanical ventilation on admission, and mortality. Descriptive analysis was performed with frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables and medians and interquartile intervals for quantitative variables. Differences in the distribution of LUS variables were evaluated with the Fishers' exact test and Student's t-test. We included a total of 19 patients with lower respiratory tract infections, 73.7% with bronchiolitis. Fifty percent of the cases scored 7 on the LUS, 91.7% were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, and 53.8% required invasive mechanical ventilation. The use of LUS in lower respiratory tract infections can predict the need for PICU admission, the use of invasive ventilatory support, and prolonged hospital stay.

Assertively in university higher technician and engineering students

The objective of the quantitative study was to know the difference in assertiveness levels in Técnico Superior Universitario and Engineering students to develop training strategies. The sample, chosen for convenience through a non-random instrument, consisted of 508 participants, 144 (28.3%), belonged to the Universidad Tecnológica del Sur de Sonora (UTS), 132 (91.6%) of Técnico Superior Universitario (TSU ) and 12 (8.4%) from Engineering (Ing). From the Universidad Tecnológica de Nezahualcóyotl (UTNEZA), there were 364 (71.7%), 316 (86.8%), from TSU, 18 (5%) from Bachelor's (LIN) and 30 (8.2%) Engineers. Their average age was 20 years, 240 (47.2%) were women and 268 (52.8%) men. The Shelton and Burton (2004) Assertiveness instrument was applied. The data was analyzed with the SPSS 27 statistical program. The results show a high level of assertiveness in TSU, engineering and undergraduate students from UTS and UTNEZA and that there is no significant difference between the academic levels mentioned in both universities. It concludes by proposing to carry out research on the level of assertiveness in students from other educational programs, from both university communities to compare and intervene objectively in possible aspects to improve.

Determination of Factors that Measure the Quality of Service in Computer Centers of the Caborca Campus of ``Universidad de Sonora``

Determination of Factors that Measure the Quality of Service in Computer Centers of the Caborca Campus of ``Universidad de Sonora``

Correlational Analysis of the Psychological Profile and Entrepreneurial Profile Constructs: Case of Industrial and Systems Engineering Students of ``Universidad de Sonora``, Northern Regional Unit

Correlational Analysis of the Psychological Profile and Entrepreneurial Profile Constructs: Case of Industrial and Systems Engineering Students of ``Universidad de Sonora``, Northern Regional Unit

Analysis of Financial Education in university students from a university in Southern Sonora

Talking about financial education today is more common, credits, exchange rates, solvency, liquidity are terms that people of adulthood often use, this research was carried out with students from a public University in the South of the State de Sonora specifically with the students of Industrial and Systems Engineering, an instrument was applied to them that is composed of 52 items that include 36 multiple choice questions, 8 about their opinions and decisions and 8 questions about sociodemographic data, it was applied to a sample of 170 subjects. The results with the greatest impact, it was found that the level of financial education is low, that the youngest subjects and those who have never worked have a lower level than those who have been part of the population economically for more years active, women denoted a lower level of financial literacy and the category with the lowest score was the one that has to do with investments

Devenir buscadora desde sitios de exterminio. El caso de las transmisiones digitales de las Madres Buscadoras de Sonora (2020-2021)

The article analyzes the geopolitics of becoming a digital searcher using the transmissions produced by the Madres Buscadoras de Sonora collective from the crematoriums and clandestine graves identified between December 23, 2020 and July 9, 2021 in the valley of Guaymas in the south of the state of Sonora, Mexico. The study is intended to highlight that the Madres’ search is immersed in a process of de-territorialized governmental necropolitical victimization, which drives them to go into the analyzed area. The work is based on the digital observation of the collective’s social network transmissions and on an interview with the leader during the protest that took place outside the Attorney General’s Office (FGR) on October 11, 2021, three months after the murder of Aranza Ramos Gurrola. The paper’s contribution lies in reconstructing the geography of the transmissions broadcast at the indicated place and time. It is argued that such transmissions are a way of sustaining low-resolution digital searching. For the Madres, becoming searchers is a task that involves maintaining a mobile digital infrastructure to translate the barbarism they encounter into a citizen forensis. The article shows that the Madres Buscadoras de Sonora’s pursuit of becoming digital searchers is immersed in a governmental necropolitics that does not produce citizens but victims.

University students’ social skills performing their professional internships

The objective of this quantitative study was to identify the most used social skills by engineering students during their stay in the company to meet the training needs. The sample chosen through a non-random sampling consisted of 82 participants, 18 students (30%) of Engineering Technologies for Automation (ITA) and 41 (70%) of the Bachelor of Business Innovation and Marketing (LIN) of the Universidad Tecnológica del Sur de Sonora (UTS), and 9 students (40%) from ITA and 14 students (60%) from LIN, from the Universidad Tecnológica de Nezahualcóyotl (UTNEZA) aged between 21 and 33 years. Goldstein's Social Skills instrument (1989) was applied. The data was analyzed with the statistical program SPSS 23. The results showed that the social skills most used by the students of both institutions are those of planning, followed by the advanced ones, and the least used are those related to feelings and stress management. The rest report frequent use. It concludes with the proposal to design a program that allows promoting and developing social skills, among administrative and teaching staff through manuals and making a wide dissemination of these.

Manual de administración de riesgos y seguros agropecuarios

Ante los fenómenos climatológicos y biológicos y fluctuaciones de precios en el mercado interno y externo, que afectan la economía de los productores agropecuarios, es necesario fomentar la cultura de aseguramiento para hacer frente a riesgos propios de la actividad. Por lo que es importante generar mayor conciencia entre los productores respecto a la necesidad de contar con seguros que les permitan estar protegidos ante eventualidades que puedan afectar su producción y patrimonio. Con la elaboración del Manual de administración de riesgos y seguros agropecuarios, que es el objetivo de este estudio, útil para estudiantes agrícolas de nivel profesional, contribuye con la difusión de información adecuada que permite a los productores tomar decisiones acerca de la contratación de un seguro que les brinde protección ante las eventualidades dañinas a las que se encuentran expuestas sus hectáreas de cultivo o su ganado, así como la posibilidad y/o viabilidad de contratar coberturas que les permitan reducir o eliminar el riesgo que se deriva de la fluctuación de precios de un producto. La Metodología utilizada para la elaboración del manual, es la que nos presenta la Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social, soportada por la guía para elaborar manuales de la Secretaría de la Contraloría General del Estado de Sonora, México. El resultado es un manual que muestra desde conceptos básicos relacionados con la administración de riesgos, opciones ofrecidas por las entidades pertinentes, tendencias en México, hasta el procedimiento para la contratación de seguros y/o coberturas.

Seismic energy radiated by earthquakes in the Basin and Range Province of Sonora, Mexico, near the rupture of the 1887 Mw 7.5 earthquake

We estimated the seismic energy radiated by 47 earthquakes located near the faults that rupture during the 3 May 1887 Mw 7.5 Sonora earthquake in the Mexican Basin and Range Province. We retrieve source parameters from seismograms recorded by the local network RESNES (Red Sismica del Noreste de Sonora) that operated from 2003 to 2011, using a spectral inversion technique. We calculated the seismic energy by integrating the square velocity source spectrum of the earthquakes analyzed. We found that events with high-scaled seismic energy (Es/Mo) are located at the southern end of the fault that rupture in 1887, between the stepovers of the fault segments Teras and Otates. It is likely that tectonic stress accumulated in that zone after the fault ruptured. We estimate an average log(Es/Mo) = − 5.76 and found that most earthquakes analyzed have low apparent stress, varying between 0.5 × 10−3 and 1.85 MPa, with an average value of 0.0521 MPa. The apparent stress is heterogeneous not showing a clear correlation with seismic moment or focal depth.

La creatividad en la formación del arquitecto, el proceso creativo y las neurociencias

El presente artículo expone resultados primarios sobre el papel que juega la creatividad en la arquitectura y la formación de los arquitectos, la cual es fundamental en el proceso del diseño arquitectónico, desde todo el proceso formativo en la universidad hasta la etapa profesional-laboral como egresados. Esta investigación se apoya en algunas nociones de las neurociencias, que ayudaron a entender el proceso del pensamiento creativo, crítico y analítico. Estos conocimientos ratificaron la importancia de ejercitar la creatividad, de dominarla, manipularla y controlarla para solucionar problemas arquitectónicos. Mediante la observación, el estudio de casos, las encuestas, las entrevistas y el estudio del nuevo diseño curricular de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Sonora (2018), se obtuvieron las variables necesarias para poder ofrecer una alternativa de solución al problema de introducir la creatividad dentro del proceso de formación del arquitecto en dicho recinto académico. Los resultados muestran que el proceso de formación de los estudiantes de arquitectura es reproductivo y no se le da la importancia que merece a la creatividad en los procesos productivos de innovación en el plan de estudios. Además, si bien la planta académica ve a la creatividad como un factor importante, no la promueve y no la incorpora en sus actividades docentes de forma específica. Para solucionar esta situación, se propone la aplicación de una metodología epistemológica que ayude tanto en el macro como en el microdiseño curricular, que contemple incluir la creatividad como necesaria en el perfil de ingreso de los aspirantes y que le dé mayor énfasis durante el proceso de aprendizaje formativo, lo cual es imprescindible para desarrollar esta competencia, así como modificar el perfil de egreso de los futuros arquitectos.

Prácticas y significados de la apropiación de capital académico en los profesores de la Universidad de Sonora

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar las prácticas y significados de la apropiación de capital académico de los profesores de la Universidad de Sonora para explicar la posición que ocupan dentro del campo académico. El enfoque del estudio es de tipo cualitativo; se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a profundidad a diez profesores de tiempo completo, los cuales fueron seleccionados de manera intencional de acuerdo a características como antigüedad en la institución y su participación en programas de incentivo a la investigación y el desempeño docente. Las categorías exploradas en las entrevistas son: origen social y capital académico objetivado, institucionalizado e incorporado. Los principales resultados indican que el origen social favorece el desarrollo intelectual y formativo; los títulos académicos proporcionan la posibilidad de acceder a posiciones dentro de la jerarquía del campo; el capital académico responde a las reglas impuestas por la institución, y la incorporación del capital académico privilegia la condición de ser docente, aunque la práctica incorpora tanto el habitus hacia la investigación.

Estudio descriptivo de la capacidad de emprendimiento de los alumnos del Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora

The Instituto Tecnologico de Sonora (ITSON) is a university concerned about the integral development of its students, developing the capacity of entrepreneurship through its dimensions. The objective of this research was to identify the entrepreneurship capacity of the students through a descriptive study and difference of means, which allows the knowledge of the levels of perception in their dimensions. The participants were students enrolled in entrepreneurship and the instrument was applied to a sample of 40 students. The type of research was descriptive with the difference of means of each gender. The instrument was adapted from Mavila, Tinoco & Campos (2009) with a Likert scale that goes from 5 to 1 where 5 is never and 1 always. Cronbach's alpha was 0.908. Regarding the findings, in the dimensions it was observed that the highest perception with an average of 1.5000 corresponds to self-realization and the lowest one with 1.9958 to social relation, both in the acceptable range. Regarding the difference of means over gender, it was observed that there is no significant difference. It is concluded that the ITSON students perceive that they have a capacity for entrepreneurship.

Sound production of the critically endangered totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi): Laying the foundation for conservation of this species through passive acoustic monitoring

Little is known about the sounds produced by totoaba, a critically endangered fish endemic to the Gulf of California. In a multi-national effort to aid management of this population through passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), we collected simultaneous acoustic and video recordings of totoaba housed at the Centro de Reproducción de Especies Marinas del Estado de Sonora in Kino Bay, Mexico. Measurements were made of both sexes and multiple age classes. Furthermore, individuals were placed in isolation tanks to measure individual call rates and call-to-call variability. Video from these isolation tanks permitted determination of source/receiver range for source level estimation, as well as association of acoustic with physical behaviors, resulting in identification of potential alarm calls. Totoaba produce a variety of calls, ranging from short duration (<0.03 s), low-frequency (<1 kHz) narrowband pulses to longer, regularly spaced broadband clicks with significant energy over 15 kHz. Call rates and dominant call type depend on both age and sex. Results are used to develop automated pre-processing/detector algorithms for a future PAM system. Quantitative analysis of the performance of these detector algorithms are presented. [Financial support by the Catena Foundation and experiment support by the Centro de Reproducción de Especies Marinas del Estado de Sonora.]

Transparencia del gasto público de Progreso Fideicomiso Promotor Urbano de Sonora. Ejercicio fiscal 2016

En nuestro país durante mucho tiempo se haluchado por la transparencia y rendición de cuentasdel gasto público. El gasto público se considera comola utilización de recursos que permite el funcionamiento del gobierno además de la producción de bienes y servicios que satisfagan las necesidades de la sociedad, éste se consolida como un instrumento esencial generador de cambios estructurales. Por tal motivo, es muy importante que la sociedad lo conozca, se involucre, dé seguimiento y evalúe el desempeño de sus gobiernos con la finalidad de fomentar una utilización eficiente y eficaz de los recursos públicos. Para que la sociedadtenga confianza hacia sus gobernantes se implementan herramientas que permiten dar seguimiento y evaluar las acciones gubernamentales, una de estas herramientas son los portales de transparencia que sirven para brindar a la sociedad información confiable y oportuna sobre el gasto público; y así corroborar si el portal de transparencia cuenta con información actualizada y suficiente del gasto público para que así, la sociedad esté informada de ¿cómo se gastó ese recurso público? Como resultado de esta investigación se llegó a la conclusión de que el organismo descentralizado denominado “Progreso Fideicomiso Promotor Urbano de Sonora” si cumple con la rendición de cuentas por medio de los portales, la contraloría general delestado de Sonora determinó en su evaluación que el sujeto obligado tiene un 92.94% de cumplimiento dela transparencia en el ejercicio fiscal 2016, esta calificacion obtenida nos muestra el nivel de cumplimiento del sujeto obligado.

Biofloc technology (BFT) applied to tilapia fingerlings production using different carbon sources: Emphasis on commercial applications

The biofloc technology, can successfully use in tilapia fingerling commercial production with some benefits, nevertheless the studies are scarce. The objective was to determine the effect of the BFT system using different carbon sources on the productive parameters, demand of feed and water, in tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus) production. The study was conducted at the company Centro Acuícola del Estado de Sonora, it was simple randomized with three treatments and one control (in triplicate). The treatments (carbon sources) were corn flour (CF), wheat flour (WF), sugar (SU) and a control (C) traditional system. The experiment was carried out in 12 glass fiber tanks (100 L) at a density of 3 ind/L (0.05 g/ind). The water quality, productive parameters, cost of consumed food and volume of used water were determined. At the end of the growing period, the lowest weight corresponded to WF (0.30 g/ind) and the highest to SU (0.44 g/ind) and C (0.41 g/ind). The FCR in biofloc treatments varied from 1.28 to 1.51, with no significant differences among them, whereas the 2.33 registered in C was significantly higher (P < .05). The control had the lowest protein efficiency (1.17), while the maximum was recorded in SU (2.11). Proximal tissue analysis showed a crude protein content of 63.9 to 71.0 g/100 g dry basis, with significant differences among treatments. The survival in the stress test was similar among treatments (98.3–99.3%). To produce a batch of 10,000 fingerlings, the used water in BFT was 6.1–7.8 m3 and 23.9 in the traditional system. The supplied feed in BFT varied from 5.8–6.3 kg/batch; meanwhile in the control it raised to 10.7 kg/batch. The cost of feed + C source was estimated in 6.53–7.80 USD/batch in BFT and of 9.13 USD/batch in the control. The fingerlings obtained in CF and SU treatments had a similar zootechnical performance to the control, but the savings in feed and water were significant.

Mathematical Knowledge of Students who Aspire to Enroll in Engineering Programs

Background: The previous knowledge which a student brings with him to university is an important item which eases adaptation and permanence at the university. When a diagnostic exam to evaluate the knowledge students have in Mathematics, their deficiencies from previous studies become clear. At the Instituto Tecnologico de Sonora a diagnostic exam was prepared and given to students who were seeking to enroll in the field of Engineering for the 2016 and 2017 school years. Material and methods: In the study 1,922 students seeking enrollment in 2016 and 1,184 seeking enrollment in 2017 participated. The exam for the 2016 group was given on computers face-to-face in the classroom while the 2017 group was given a distance exam on-line. Results: The students who took the exam in 2017 received higher percentages of correct answers on the exam than the students from the 2016 group. Conclusions: However, both groups showed deficiency in mathematical knowledge in various areas such as Arithmetic (problems with applications in context), Geometry, Algebra (factoring, liner equations and 3x3 lineal equation systems), Analytical Geometry (the four cone figures) and in Calculus (derivative of transcendental functions, limits of a function and maximums and minimums).

Liberalismo y pretensiones científicas en Noticias estadísticas del estado de Sonora

Se analiza la obra de José Francisco Velasco Noticias estadísticas del estado de Sonora (1850), identificando los elementos del utilitarismo decimonónico propio del liberalismo, que se presentaban principalmente como propuestas de tipo económico-administrativo; se rescatan también las pretensiones de cientificidad presentes en el trabajo, elaborado desde la perspectiva de la estadística descriptiva. Se destaca la importancia del autor y de su obra por el momento histórico en que fue elaborada, de consolidación de las instituciones y de la ciencia como generadora de información útil para los gobiernos.

Selección de cepas productoras de enzimas ligninolíticas nativas del Valle del Yaqui

Introducción: Las fibras lignocelulósicas están compuestas por tres polímeros: celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina. El biopulpeo es un pretratamiento, previo al proceso de pulpeo físico químico, cuyo fin es lograr la deslignificación parcial del complejo lignocelulósico por la acción de hongos, debido a que los hongos tienen un complejo enzimático formado por: ligno peroxidasas (LiP), lacasas (Lac), manganeso peroxidasas (MnP), y xilanasas (Xil). Las cepas nativas tienen la habilidad de deslignificar el material lignocelulósico como paja de trigo o madera, entre otros.Método: Se trabajó con diez cepas de la colección COLMENA del Laboratorio de Biotecnología del Recurso Microbiano del Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora. La selección de cepas se realizó escogiendo las que presentaron mayor índice de potencia (I.P.), obtenido a través de la comparación del halo de actividad enzimática contra el halo de crecimiento de la cepa, a los 14 días de incubación utilizando el software Image J 1.44.Resultados: De las diez cepas evaluadas, la mejor para la producción de LiP fue TSM35 con un I.P. de 3.83±0.29, para Lac y Xil; la cepa TSO46 obtuvo valores de con un I.P. de 20.37±2.70 y 1.38±0.00 respectivamente. Con este estudio se determinó el potencial de incorporar cepas nativas para el pretratamiento de biopulpeo previo a un un proceso de deslignificación físico químico.Discusiones o Conclusiones: Se logró determinar que tres cepas tienen actividad ligninolítica en medio sólido por excreción de LiP, Lac y Xil, por lo que tienen potencial para incorporarlos como pretratamiento en un proceso de deslignificación.