De Paris Research Articles

NTproBNP values for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in dyspneic old patients regarding age

Abstract Background The diagnosis of heart failure (HF) in elderly patients is often difficult, due to overlap of typical signs and symptoms with those of comorbidities. Plasma N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide(NTproBNP) is known to increase with age and according to comorbidities. However, the diagnostic performance of this biomarker is unclear in those patients. Aims This study sought to define the diagnostic accuracy of plasma NTproBNP in patients over 75 yo in a large population referred for acute dyspnea in the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Methods and Results In this retrospective, longitudinal multicenter cohort study, we collected data from 12,974 patients aged 75 years or older who were hospitalized for acute dyspnea with NTproBNP measurement in the 48 hours after admission between 2011 and 2021 in geriatrics, cardiology and pulmonology departments. The final diagnosis was classified with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD 10) as either "AHF" or "other acute respiratory failure" (OARF), represented by pulmonary embolism, COPD and pneumonia. The Mean (SD) age of our population was 84.4 (6.1) years old, and 52.7% of patients were women. 8,385 (64.6%) patients had an AHF diagnosis at discharge. Regarding age of patients, NT-proBNP threshold values was higher in patients over 85 yo, 2530 ng/L, compared to that of patients < 85 yo, 1680 ng/L. The NTproBNP threshold for ‘ruling-out’ AHF had a 79% sensitivity in patient > 85 YO and 82% sensitivity in patient 75- 85 YO. In patients > 85 compared with patient 75-85 yo, predictive positive value was 85 and 86 %, specificity was 65% and 75% and AUC was 0.77 and 0.84. Finally, despite the consideration of other clinical and biological parameters, NTproBNP level remain more discriminating for the diagnosis of AHF in old patients with comorbidities. Conclusion In patients 75-85 and over 85 years of age referred for acute dyspnea with NTproBNP dosage at admission, a cutoff of 1680 and 2530 ng/L respectively allow for an accurate diagnosis of AHF.

NTproBNP values for diagnosis of congestive heart failure in old patients regarding kidney failure

Abstract Background The diagnosis of heart failure (HF) in old patients is often difficult, due to overlap of typical symptoms and comorbidities. Plasma N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide(NTproBNP) is known to increase with age and according to comorbidities particularly in chronic kidney failure. However, the diagnostic performance of this biomarker is unclear in those patients with kidney failure. Aims This study sought to define the diagnostic accuracy of plasma NTproBNP in patients over 75 yo in a large population referred for acute dyspnea in the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. Methods and Results In this retrospective, longitudinal multicenter cohort study, we collected data from 12,974 patients aged 75 years or older who were hospitalized for acute dyspnea with NTproBNP measurement in the 48 hours after admission between 2011 and 2021 in geriatrics, cardiology and pulmonology departments. The final diagnosis was classified with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD 10) as either "AHF" or "other acute respiratory failure" (OARF), represented by pulmonary embolism, COPD and pneumonia. The Mean (SD) age of our population was 84.4 (6.1) years old, and 52.7% of patients were women. 8,385 (64.6%) patients had an AHF diagnosis at discharge. Regarding creatinine clearance (CrCl) of patients, NT-proBNP threshold values was lower in patients with CrCl ≥40 ml/min compared to that of patients CrCl <40 ml/min, 1681 and 2238 ng/L respectively. The NTproBNP threshold for ‘ruling-out’ AHF had 81% sensitivity in patient with CrCl ≥40 ml/min and 87% sensitivity in patient with CrCl <40 ml/min. In patients with CrCl ≥40 ml/min compared with patient with CrCl <40 ml/min, predictive positive value was 82 and 89 %, specificity was 70% and 45% and AUC was 0.81 and 0.69. The other comorbidities that statistically change NTproBNP cutpoint diagnostic value were atrial fibrillation, age and sex. Conclusion In old patients referred for acute dyspnea with NTproBNP dosage at admission with kidney failure, cutpoint values of 1681 and 2238 ng/L according to CrCl allow for an accurate diagnosis of AHF.

Report of the 13th Annual Conference of the Worldwide Airports Lawyers Association (WALA), in Paris, France, on 28-30 June 2023

The 13th Worldwide Airports Lawyers Association (WALA) Annual Conference (WALA is a global association that unites airport lawyers, aviation industry professionals, and stakeholders to collaborate, share knowledge, and address legal issues in the field of airport law. See further, https://abiaxair.com/wala2023/links.php), splendidly hosted by Groupe Aéroports de Paris (ADP), https://www.parisaeroport.fr/en/homepage-group convened on 28–30 June 2023 in the enchanting city of Paris. The three-day event featured a diverse agenda including the Pre-conference Seminar dedicated to airport commercialization, the Airport Law Conference replete with fourteen different sessions, and a momentous addition – the First Urban Air Mobility Legal Forum. Through intellectually stimulating exchanges, WALA XIII paved the way for a future of airport law in support of a sustainable, innovative, and robust civil aviation sector. Conference report, WALA, Worldwide Airport, Lawyers Association

Women from the Medieval Male Perspective

In this work, the book Good Wife of Paris (Le Menagier de Paris) serves as the beginning point for a discussion of the place of women in medieval society. It also demonstrates how current women have been influenced by the discipline of women in Western European culture from the Middle Ages onward, as shown in some of its literature. This article focuses on how men treated women in the Middle Ages and attempts to explore the historical roots of this discrimination. In the book Le Menagier de Paris, it is made clear that the wife is subject to the husband and offers a set of guidelines for newlywed women in the voice of a medieval aristocratic male. The analysis of Le Menagier de Paris reveals that the medieval order of marriage was male-dominated, and that this marriage structure has influenced modern weddings. The study focuses on the medieval order of marriage and the status of women as expressed in its contents.

Walking for Revolution: From Surrealism to the Situationist International

This article examines the Parisian Surrealist and Situationist engagement with urban walking as a critical artistic practice. Exploring how the theme of urban wandering, essential to Parisian Surrealism in its early years, is re-elaborated in the Situationist concept of the dérive [drift], the article sheds new light on the relationship between these rival movements. Firstly, it offers a narrative account of Surrealist wandering that closely considers two events, the Dadaist visit to Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre in 1921 and the aimless wandering (déambulation) experiment in Blois in 1924, alongside two landmark Surrealist texts, Louis Aragon's Le Paysan de Paris (1926) and André Breton's Nadja (1928). Secondly, it situates the difficult relationship of Guy Debord to Surrealism in the history of artistic avant-gardes. Thirdly, it highlights the importance of Surrealism to the elaboration of the dérive, by analysing the implicit and explicit references to Surrealism through Debord's writings of the 1950s. Finally, it turns to the literary precursors of the dérive, distinct from but related to the Baudelairean flâneur, to explore the poetic roots of Surrealism and the Situationist International in modern French literature. This article illuminates the importance of Surrealist concepts to the Situationist city, to deepen our understanding of the Parisian avant-garde and their legacies.

First person – Antoine Canat

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Antoine Canat is first author on ‘ DAXX safeguards heterochromatin formation in embryonic stem cells’, published in JCS. Antoine conducted the research described in this article while a PhD student in Emmanuelle Fabre's lab at Insitut de Recherche St Louis, Université de Paris, France. He is now a postdoc in the lab of Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla at the Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany, investigating nuclear organization and chromatin regulation during totipotency and pluripotency.

A digital ecosystem for the multidisciplinary study of Notre-Dame de Paris

The 2019 fire of Notre-Dame de Paris was not only a significant event in its history, but also provided a unique platform for multidisciplinary studies and digital data analysis. At the initiative of the CNRS and the Ministry of Culture, a large-scale collaboration is currently underway to manage and analyse the extensive data generated in connection with the restoration of the cathedral. The role of digital data is crucial for understanding complex multidisciplinary studies, especially in the field of cultural heritage. A digital data working group, composed of thirty scientists from 12 laboratories, is focused on documenting and organising this collective experience to serve both the immediate needs of restoration and the long-term goals of cultural heritage research. Key challenges include data traceability, knowledge modelling, multidimensional analysis and the need to address gaps in semantic understanding, memory, data correlation and technology. To address these challenges, a novel method is proposed that combines the digital representation of material heritage with the evolving knowledge about it. By collaborating with the wider scholarly community involved in Notre Dame's scientific action, the aim is to introduce new methods in heritage research and bridge the gap between the humanities and digitally-driven scholarship. This initiative also intersects with two primary scientific vectors: the technological approach to data collection and the generation and analysis of semantically enriched datasets.

High unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 exposure of newly admitted and hospitalized psychiatric patients

BackgroundPatients with pre-existing mental disorders are at higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and adverse outcomes, and severe mental illness, including mood and psychosis spectrum disorders, is associated with increased mortality risk. Despite their increased risk profile, patients with severe mental illness have been understudied during the pandemic, with limited estimates of exposure in inpatient settings. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and antibody titers, and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations of newly admitted or hospitalized psychiatric inpatients without known history of COVID-19 infection, using robust quantitative multi-antigen assessments, and compare patients’ exposure to that of hospital staff. MethodsThis multi-centric, cross-sectional study compared SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and titers of 285 patients (University Psychiatric Centre Duffel [UPCD] N = 194; Assistance-Publique-Hopitaux de Paris [AP-HP] N = 91), and 192 hospital caregivers (UPCD N = 130; AP-HP N = 62) at two large psychiatric care facilities between January 1st and the May 30th 2021. Serum levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against Spike proteins (full length), spike subunit 1 (S1), spike subunit 2 (S2), spike subunit 1 receptor binding domain (S1-RBD) and Nucleocapsid proteins were quantitatively determined using an advanced capillary Western Blot technique. To assess the robustness of the between-group seroprevalence differences, we performed sensitivity analyses with stringent cut-offs for seropositivity. We also assessed peripheral concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-a using ELLA assays. Secondary analyses included comparisons of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and titers between patient diagnostic subgroups, and between newly admitted (hospitalization ≤ 7 days) and hospitalized patients (hospitalization > 7 days) and correlations between serological and cytokines. ResultsPatients had a significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (67.85 % [95% CI 62.20–73.02]) than hospital caregivers (27.08% [95% CI 21.29–33.77]), and had significantly higher global SARS-CoV-2 titers (F = 29.40, df = 2, p < 0.0001). Moreover, patients had a 2.51-fold (95% CI 1.95–3.20) higher SARS-CoV-2 exposure risk compared to hospital caregivers (Fisher’s exact test, P < 0.0001). No difference was found in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and titers between patient subgroups. Patients could be differentiated most accurately from hospital caregivers by their higher Spike protein titers (OR 136.54 [95% CI 43.08–481.98], P < 0.0001), lower S1 (OR 0.06 [95% CI 0.02–0.15], P < 0.0001) titers and higher IL-6 (OR 3.41 [95% CI 1.73–7.24], P < 0.0001) and TNF-α (OR 34.29 [95% CI 5.00–258.87], P < 0.0001) and lower titers of IL-8 (OR 0.13 [95% CI 0.05–0.30], P < 0.0001). Seropositive patients had significantly higher SARS-COV-2 antibody titers compared to seropositive hospital caregivers (F = 19.53, df = 2, P < 0.0001), while titers were not different in seronegative individuals. Pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations were not associated with serological status. ConclusionOur work demonstrated a very high unrecognized exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among newly admitted and hospitalized psychiatric inpatients, which is cause for concern in the context of highly robust evidence of adverse outcomes following COVID-19 in psychiatric patients. Attention should be directed toward monitoring and mitigating exposure to infectious agents within psychiatric hospitals.

Comprehend the Women in the Middle Ages from The Parisian Household Book

The late Middle Ages is a crucial period in the history of Western Europe for the transition to modern times. The social outlook of this period has changed a lot compared with the previous times. People who were in this context have generated their own expressions corresponding to the society at this time, mainly manifested as the change of views and values. This paper is aim at selecting the material called The Parisian Household Book (Le Mnagier de Paris) to do primary source analysis, then extensively collecting other documents about women, marriage and family in the Middle Ages for a more comprehensive interpretation. Through the research, we know the living conditions of urban women in the late medieval ages and the requirements of family or society to them from this instruction manual. Meanwhile, the following conclusions are drawn: in medieval marriage, both husband and wife had rights and obligations to fulfill. Some men with high social status taught their wives to manage the family well in order to maintain the stability of their class. For women, those who came from the countryside to the city were willing to accept such guidance, because these might become favorable tools for the improvement of their social standing.

Gathering, integration, and interpretation of heterogeneous data for the virtual reconstruction of the Notre Dame de Paris roof structure

The objective of this case study is to present the issues, methods and experiments underway to enable the acquisition of data and the creation of digital models of the timber structures, also known as the Forest, of Notre-Dame de Paris at different temporal states. Among the different models created, a restitution was developed from all the data collected and produced. This interpretation is the result of collecting, collating, and synthesizing heterogeneous data on pre- and post-fire structures. Indeed, the constitution of this model is also based on new data, obtained after the accident, which required the development of ad-hoc solutions to meet the various constraints of the site. These different resources have made it possible to produce the first univocal and three-dimensional restitution of the frameworks before - and after - the fire and the way to gather in particular all the partial data having been used to create it. This experimentation proposes the necessary qualities to enrich the future ecosystem of analysis and multidimensional memorization for the restoration and conservation of Notre-Dame.

Enzymotherapy infusion in home hospital care

The six pediatric care units of the Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris home hospitalization service provide daily care for 150 children. A small proportion are treated for enzyme-deficiency diseases at the reference centers of the Necker-Enfants malades and Armand-Trousseau hospitals. Treatment consists of a weekly injection of enzyme therapy, lasting from three to five hours. In order to reduce the time spent by the nursery nurse, while guaranteeing the quality and safety of care, a team discussion led to the drafting of a procedure for harmonizing practices and empowering families to carry out this enzymotherapy injection.

Good Mothers or Lascivious Females? The Perception of Mares in the Context of Equine Husbandry and Breeding in Medieval France (1200-1500)

Though mares were essential to the breeding of medieval warhorses, they are elusive in written and iconographic sources dominated by male horses. When they appear, their portrayal is ambiguous: thirteenth-century encyclopaedists describe them both as an ideal representation of motherhood and as lascivious beings. This may have influenced the perception of mares in the context of equine husbandry. This paper compares descriptions in thirteenth-century encyclopaedias to French versions of Rufus’s De medicina equorum (1250), and to its 1456 reinterpretation by Guillaume de Villiers. The Roman d’Alexandre (1180) by Alexandre de Paris, and the financial records of Charles VI (1368-1422) are used to understand the complex cultural perception of mares. Despite negative sexual undertones, mares were portrayed as strong and independent, eliciting wariness and admiration.

Discrimination of internal browning in pineapple during storage based on changes in volatile compounds

Internal browning (IB) is a physiological disorder without external symptoms of postharvest pineapples, but whether and how IB influences pineapple volatiles remain unknown. We examined eigenvalues of volatiles in ‘Comte de Paris’ pineapples with or without IB using electronic nose (E-nose) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Correlation coefficients between the responses of E-nose sensors S7 and S9 and IB were 0.836 and 0.804, respectively. The multilayer perceptron neural network and radial basis function neural network models classified IB degree with accuracy of 94.77% and 91.67%. GC–MS analysis revealed 30 volatile substances upregulated in pineapple with IB compared to those without, of which 15 were esters. IB regulated volatile compound synthesis through the lipoxygenase pathway which involved lipoxygenase, pyruvate decarboxylase 1, alcohol dehydrogenases, acyl-CoA oxidase 1, and alcohol acyltransferase genes and their related enzymes. These results suggested that volatiles regulated by IB could be used to discriminate IB severity in pineapples.

Scientific research on stained-glass windows for Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral

During the fire at Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral on April 15 th, 2019, the historic stained-glass windows were entirely protected by the action of firefighters and the resistance of the vault, which fulfilled its role as a shield. In this context, a group of art historians, stained glass experts, conservation scientists and university researchers was created to coordinate scientific research concerning the stained-glass windows of the cathedral. This “Glass” working group (GT Verre) defined the following priority research themes: the characterisation of surface deposits on stained glass, understanding the interaction of the former with materials and how to optimise conservation-restoration treatments, and general research to extend our knowledge of the 12 th to 20 th -century stained glass at Notre-Dame.

Medications Modulating the Acid Sphingomyelinase/Ceramide System and 28-Day Mortality among Patients with SARS-CoV-2: An Observational Study.

Prior evidence indicates the potential central role of the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system in the infection of cells with SARS-CoV-2. We conducted a multicenter retrospective observational study including 72,105 adult patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to 36 AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris) hospitals from 2 May 2020 to 31 August 2022. We examined the association between the ongoing use of medications functionally inhibiting acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMA), which reduces the infection of cells with SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, upon hospital admission with 28-day all-cause mortality in a 1:1 ratio matched analytic sample based on clinical characteristics, disease severity and other medications (N = 9714). The univariate Cox regression model of the matched analytic sample showed that FIASMA medication use at admission was associated with significantly lower risks of 28-day mortality (HR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.72-0.88; p < 0.001). In this multicenter observational study, the use of FIASMA medications was significantly and substantially associated with reduced 28-day mortality among adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. These findings support the continuation of these medications during the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm these results, starting with the molecules with the greatest effect size in the study, e.g., fluoxetine, escitalopram, and amlodipine.

The 4th Southeast Asian Conference on Geophysics (SEACG) 2022: Great Challenges and Opportunities of Geophysics Today and Future

The Southeast Asian Conference on Geophysics (SEACG) is a biannual event held by the Geophysical Engineering Department, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Indonesia. The SEACG has been successfully conducted since 2016, and several selected papers have been published in the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. The first (2016) and second (2018) conferences were held offline in Bali, Indonesia, while the third conference (2020) was held virtually due to the Covid19 pandemic. Along with the end of the Covid19 pandemic, the current event (2022) is being run as a hybrid conference (physical and virtual), live from Bandung, Indonesia.The conference theme of the SEACG 2022 is “Great Challenges and Opportunities of Geophysics Today and Future.” The program lasts two days, from August 9, 2022, to August 10, 2022, and is sponsored by the Institute of Research and Community Services, ITB. There are 11 invited international speakers (30-minute duration) and 88 contributed speakers (20 min duration) who presented their ideas. With five panel rooms, 35 contributed speakers delivered offline presentations and 53 virtually via Zoom. The speakers, both invited and contributed, presented and introduced new geophysical insights and techniques.The panel discussion featured intriguing topics and invited speakers from various institutions, such as Institut Teknologi Bandung – Indonesia (Dr.rer.nat. R. Mohammad Rachmat Sule, Dr. Tedi Yudistira, Prof. Sri Widiyantoro, Prof. Wahyu Srigutomo, and Prof. Wawan Gunawan Abdul Kadir), CSIRO – Australia (Dr. Erdinc Saygin), Australian National University – Australia (Prof. Phil Cummins), University of Tokyo – Japan (Prof. Takeshi Tsuji), JGI, Inc. – Japan (Moeto Fujisawa, M.Sc.), Ocean University of China – China (Dr. Zhijun Du), and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris – France (Dr. Jean-Philippe Metaxian). The event was opened by Dr. Fatkhan (the Head of the Geophysical Engineering Master and Doctorate Degree Program, ITB) and closed by Dr. Warsa (the Head of the Geophysical Engineering Bachelor Degree Program, ITB).The SEACG 2022 provided a platform for academics, professionals, and students to discuss and promote scientific results related to recent advancements in geophysical methods and related sciences. The conference covered various session topics, such as Fault and Deformation Study, Passive Seismic, Environmental Geophysics, Geophysical Approaches in Hydrocarbon, Geophysical Approaches in Geothermal, Advance Geophysics, Vulcanology, Tomography, Seismic Hazards, Geomagnetic, and Seismology.We would thank the organization’s team members, the reviewers, and the faculty staff. They have worked very hard to make this event possible. We wish all attendees of SEACG 2022 have an exciting experience and enjoy the moment in this scientific forum.List of Organizing Committee, Documentation are available in this pdf.

Combining robust urine biomarkers to assess chronic kidney disease progression.

Urinary biomarkers may improve the prediction of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Yet, data reporting the applicability of most commercial biomarker assays to the detection of their target analyte in urine together with an evaluation of their predictive performance are scarce. 30 commercial assays (ELISA) were tested for their ability to quantify the target analyte in urine using strict (FDA-approved) validation criteria. In an exploratory analysis, LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) logistic regression analysis was used to identify potentially complementary biomarkers predicting fast CKD progression, determined as the 51CrEDTA clearance-based measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) decline (>10% per year) in a subsample of 229 CKD patients (mean age, 61 years; 66% men; baseline mGFR, 38mL/min) from the NephroTest prospective cohort. Among the 30 assays, directed against 24 candidate biomarkers, encompassing different pathophysiological mechanisms of CKD progression, 16 assays fulfilled the FDA-approved criteria. LASSO logistic regressions identified a combination of five biomarkers including CCL2, EGF, KIM1, NGAL, and TGF-α that improved the prediction of fast mGFR decline compared to the kidney failure risk equation variables alone: age, gender, mGFR, and albuminuria. Mean area under the curves (AUC) estimated from 100 re-samples was higher in the model with than without these biomarkers, 0.722 (95% confidence interval 0.652-0.795) vs. 0.682 (0.614-0.748), respectively. Fully-adjusted odds-ratios (95% confidence interval) for fast progression were 1.87 (1.22, 2.98), 1.86 (1.23, 2.89), 0.43 (0.25, 0.70), 1.10 (0.71, 1.83), 0.55 (0.33, 0.89), and 2.99 (1.89, 5.01) for albumin, CCL2, EGF, KIM1, NGAL, and TGF-α, respectively. This study provides a rigorous validation of multiple assays for relevant urinary biomarkers of CKD progression which combination may improve the prediction of CKD progression. This work was supported by Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, MSDAVENIR, Pharma Research and Early Development Roche Laboratories (Basel, Switzerland), and Institut Roche de Recherche et Médecine Translationnelle (Paris, France).

Mediators, users and narratives: The cathedral experience

The unprecedented emotion aroused by the burning of Notre-Dame de Paris on April 15, 2019 implies an attachment to this building whose foundations anthropology attempts to uncover. Therefore, it is also a case of questioning the way in which a heritage can be as universally shared as is the Parisian cathedral. Moreover, in the present of the restoration, which holds the monument at a distance from its users in an unprecedented way, the current investigation aims to understand what happens to this link, as revealed by the catastrophe.

2D/3D data fusion for the comparative analysis of the vaults of Notre-Dame de Paris before and after the fire

The work presented in this article was carried out following the fire (April 15, 2019) that ravaged Notre-Dame de Paris. The goal was to establish in a short and limited time-span the structural diagnosis of the remaining vaults of the cathedral. The analysis relied on 2D and 3D data acquired before and after the fire, and available at that time. Two complementary methods have been developed to estimate potential displacements from multi-temporal surveys. The first method is mainly based on the processing of image collections obtained with photogrammetric routines right after the fire. The second method, based on the processing of raw 3D data acquired with Terrestrial Laser Scanning, was developed afterward to refine and complete the analysis. Both methods have benefited from essential functionalities offered by two open-source solutions proven to enable “real-based” modeling in Cultural Heritage contexts, namely Micmac and CloudCompare. This paper presents the complementary use of these two software packages whilst detailing some procedural computing approaches to document and support structural diagnosis in an emergency situation. The limits and capabilities of each method are exposed and analyzed, toward the objective to develop 2.5D and 3D based geometrical analysis, respectively from photogrammetric and lasergrammetric sources. The results are presented and discussed regarding their potential usage for a quantitative and accurate diagnosis of vaults.

Historical monuments and lead pollution: Lessons from the case of Notre-Dame de Paris and Sainte-Chapelle

To investigate the potential spreading of leaded dust over Paris and its inhabitants, following the fire of Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral in April 2019, we developed a dedicated protocol to identify the geochemical fingerprint of the emitted particles. This method could be transposed to a contemporary monument to Notre-Dame de Paris which had not burnt and which had to undergo a major restoration phase: Sainte-Chapelle de Paris. Thus, a new study was performed on the indoor dust collected in this monument, to which the protocol developed for the dusts of Notre-Dame was applied. The comparison of the geochemical fingerprint of both monuments highlights the complexity of establishing the chemical signatures of such buildings. The homogeneity of the isotopic and elemental results obtained on the samples from Notre-Dame de Paris compared to those from Sainte-Chapelle de Paris reveals the homogenizing role of the fire, which simplifies the geochemical signature determination. Moreover, this study does not show any significant impact of anthropogenic pollution (road traffic, industry, incinerators) on the indoor environment of monuments, which are nevertheless rich in construction lead. The notion of “polluter-polluted monument" could be problematic in the event of an accident during restoration phase. These new results obtained on dust samples from a building that has not experienced any recent major deterioration underlines the multiple sources of lead present in these monuments and the importance of identifying univocally their signature. However, the concentrations of metal and metalloid in the indoor dust do not show any major pollution inside Sainte-Chapelle de Paris that could be a threat to human health.