De Onis Research Articles

New WHO recommendations for the care of preterm or low birthweight infants have the potential to transform maternal and newborn health-care delivery

The incidence of preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) worldwide was 15·2 million in 2019, occurring in 11% of livebirths. 1 Cao G Liu J Liu M Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality of neonatal preterm birth, 1990-2019. JAMA Pediatr. 2022; 176: 787-796 Crossref PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar , 2 Our World in DataNumber of births and deaths per year, world. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/births-and-deaths-projected-to-2100Date: 2022 Date accessed: November 7, 2022 Google Scholar In 2015, an estimated 20·5 million livebirths globally were low birthweight (LBW; weight <2500g at birth). 3 Blencowe H Krasevec J de Onis M et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2019; 7: e849-e860 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (322) Google Scholar The survival, health, growth, and neurodevelopment of preterm and LBW infants lags behind that of full-term infants and special care is needed for these vulnerable infants. 4 Escobar GJ McCormick MC Zupancic JA et al. Unstudied infants: outcomes of moderately premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2006; 91: F238-F244 Crossref PubMed Scopus (119) Google Scholar , 5 Wang ML Dorer DJ Fleming MP Catlin EA Clinical outcomes of near-term infants. Pediatrics. 2004; 114: 372-376 Crossref PubMed Scopus (535) Google Scholar Preterm and LBW infants are susceptible to impaired respiration, difficulty feeding, growth failure, poor body temperature regulation, and infection. 4 Escobar GJ McCormick MC Zupancic JA et al. Unstudied infants: outcomes of moderately premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2006; 91: F238-F244 Crossref PubMed Scopus (119) Google Scholar , 5 Wang ML Dorer DJ Fleming MP Catlin EA Clinical outcomes of near-term infants. Pediatrics. 2004; 114: 372-376 Crossref PubMed Scopus (535) Google Scholar Globally, preterm birth accounts for 36·1% of neonatal deaths and 17·7% of deaths among children younger than 5 years. 6 Perin J Mulick A Yeung D et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-19: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022; 6: 106-115 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (52) Google Scholar Complications of preterm birth are the leading cause of death in children before their fifth birthday. An estimated 0·94 million deaths worldwide were due to preterm birth in 2019. 6 Perin J Mulick A Yeung D et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-19: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022; 6: 106-115 Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (52) Google Scholar

Socio-economic inequalities in child growth: Identifying orientation and forward-looking layout

Socio-economic inequalities in child growth: Identifying orientation and forward-looking layout

El hispanismo de Pedro Henríquez Ureña y Federico de Onís en Estados Unidos

Se presenta una aproximación a la trayectoria de dos insignes intelectuales, el dominicano Pedro Henríquez Ureña y el español Federico de Onís, quienes contribuyeron a despertar el interés por el hispanismo en varias universidades de Estados Unidos y Latinoamérica. Se hace énfasis en su labor docente y de investigación, y en las relaciones que ambos sostuvieron con filólogos, filósofos, escritores e historiadores de la cultura como Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, Unamuno, José Ortega y Gasset, Américo Castro, Alfonso Reyes, José Vasconcelos, Gabriela Mistral, Dámaso Alonso y Amado Alonso. Finalmente, se da cuenta de algunas de sus más importantes contribuciones a los estudios sobre la literatura y la lengua españolas.

O LADO MENOS CONHECIDO DA HISTÓRIA DA PRIMEIRA TRADUÇÃO DE GRANDE SERTÃO: VEREDAS PARA O INGLÊS

RESUMO A tradução de Grande sertão: veredas para o inglês, feita por Harriet de Onís e o Professor James Taylor e publicada no início da década de 1960, é em geral considerada insuficiente, não fazendo jus ao original de Guimarães Rosa. A parte mais conhecida da história dessa tradução é apresentada em trabalhos que têm como fonte principal as cartas trocadas entre Guimarães Rosa e Harriet de Onís, que estão no acervo JGR do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros (IEB) da Universidade de São Paulo. Com base em trabalhos já publicados sobre o assunto e na análise de cartas trocadas entre a tradutora Harriet de Onís e os editores da Alfred A. Knopf, o objetivo deste trabalho é esclarecer melhor alguns fatos que parecem ter ficado em segundo plano, principalmente a atuação de Harriet de Onís para “defender” sua tradução e a escrita singular de João Guimarães Rosa. Como apoio para a discussão, recorreremos às autoras Pascale Casanova e Emily Apter e suas visões sobre a “Literatura Mundial”.

Double Burden of Nutrition and some Eating Habits Characteristics of Preschool Children in Nam Hong Commune, Dong Anh district, Hanoi, 2018

Double Burden of Nutrition and some Eating Habits Characteristics of Preschool Children in Nam Hong Commune, Dong Anh district, Hanoi, 2018

Framing an agenda for children thriving in the SDG era: a WHO–UNICEF–Lancet Commission on Child Health and Wellbeing

Framing an agenda for children thriving in the SDG era : a WHO-UNICEF-Lancet Commission on Child Health and Wellbeing.

"Introduction: A Special Issue in Honor of Historian Richmond Brown (1961-2016)."

"Introduction:A Special Issue in Honor of Historian Richmond Brown (1961-2016)." William Van NormaniD and Matt Childs Richmond F. Brown passed away after a heroic and long battle with cancer on September 20, 2016 in Gainesville, Florida, sadly ending the life and career far too soon of one of the strongest promoters of Latin American Studies in the United States more broadly, and in the Southeast in particular. As many of the readers of this journal will know, Richmond served as Vice President and President of SECOLAS between 2001–2003 and helped transform the organization into a vibrant academic community. He applied similar intellectual energy to his role in the Latin American and Caribbean Section of the Southern Historical Association (LACS-SHA) where he also held various administrative positions, including President. Just a few weeks after Richmond passed away, several of his colleagues discussed his contributions to scholarship and academic associations dedicated to Latin American Studies at the 2016 Tampa-St. Petersburg meeting of LACS-SHA. Out of that conversation and admiration for his work, we began organizing three special panels in his honor to be presented at the 2017 SECOLAS Annual Meeting in Chapel Hill. With the assistance of editor Greg Weeks and Jurgen Buchenau, we organized three separate panels that focused on Richmond's contribution to Latin American studies: Central American History; Atlantic History; and the Southeast Borderlands. The following articles, which make up this special issue of The Latinamericanist are all written by scholars who knew Richmond personally as a scholar, colleague, teacher, mentor, and friend. Richmond Brown was first and foremost a historian of Guatemala. It makes sense that we begin with central America and Jurgen Buchenau's analysis of Guatemala's Ten Years of Spring through the lens of Mexico and Mexican political calculations. A story that is familiar to many of us opens up with new insights when viewed from the north. And it was the north that reshaped Mexico's and its ruling party's interactions with their southern neighbor and its new reform government. While the Mexican Popular Left was interested in supporting the new government and its new policies towards US corporations, the PRI took what could be called a pragmatic approach as they followed a course of action that followed a path that conformed to US political objectives in the region–namely undermining the new government in Guatemala. This helps us to makes sense of what appeared to be contradictory actions towards the Arbenz government during the final years leading up to and immediately following the coup in 1954. Tim Hawkins takes us back to the colonial era [End Page 453] and trans-imperial and trans-national intrigue in the era of independence struggle in New Spain. He recounts a story of intrigue through the Spanish diplomat, Luis de Onis. Loyalists were fearful of French intervention and territorial expansion through an imagined collusion between James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and Napoleon. Hawkins suggests that understanding the fears and imaginings of people in power can shed light on how a nation and its agents act within the context of Atlantic World geopolitics. Richmond Brown was someone of great intellectual curiosity which led him to explore interests in the Caribbean. Richmond understood that it was not possible to fully grasp the full story of Guatemala without understanding the larger context in which it was situated which meant looking at the Caribbean and neighboring or borderland territories and states. He understood early on that the Atlantic world was an inter-connected system and to fully understand the history of one place one needs to incorporate a recognition of the other interactions at work in the larger system. Ernesto Bassi, Casey Schmitt and Robert Taber all follow this approach in their Caribbean focused pieces. Ernesto Bassi re-examines the role of New Granada as a model of economic development for the Spanish colonies during the eighteenth century. Using the writings of Viceroy Antonio Caballero y Góngora, Bassi brings New Granada and the Spanish colonies during the era of the Bourbon Reforms into the conversation on the rise of capitalism. While New Granada never became the economic engine that Caballero y Góngora...

Nutritional Value and Consumer Acceptance of New Cereal Bars Offered to Children

Childhood obesity has become a serious public health problem in recent decades and is associated with severe health disorders and risk of illness [de Onis et al., 2010]. Already in 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) has announced obesity as one of the most severe hazards to the health of children and adults [WHO Report, 1997]. The epidemiological and statistical data indicated that obesity among children had increased dramatically over the last two decades. In 2002, in the United States the problem of obesity affected as many as 30% of the surveyed children and adolescents [Hedley et al., 2004]. Haslam and James estimated that in 2005 ca. 10% of the global population under the age of 18 years has suffered from overweight or obesity [Haslam & James, 2005]. In 2010, 43 millions of children were estimated to be overweight and obese; whereas 92 millions were at risk of overweight. This growing trend is expected to reach 9.1% in 2020 [de Onis et al., 2010]. According to estimates from the WHO’s Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI), in the EU around 1 in 3 children aged 6–9 years were overweight or obese in 2010 [WHO Report, 2010]. A school-based survey conducted in 2010 among 10–12 year old children in seven Euro-

Stunting: The Need for Application of Advances in Technology to Understand a Complex Health Problem

Stunting: The Need for Application of Advances in Technology to Understand a Complex Health Problem

A review of the prevalence and factors responsible for mal-nutrition in Pakistan

Problems occupying special attention identified by the World Health Organization also include Childhood malnutrition (Beagle hole et al., 1993). Development goals are also program by the United Nations to halve the problem of under nutrition (Alderman et al., 2005). Despite of the involvement of international organizations still under nutrition has a main contribution to the high mortality rate of the children in the most part of the world (Caulfield et al., 2004). Poverty plays a main part in the high prevalence of childhood under nutrition. The child is said to be under-weight when its weight is lower than the weight of the reference rage for that age. The weight for height deficiency is known as wasting, while height for age deficiency as stunting. Wasting may be due to acute food shortage while prolonged food deprivation can cause stunting (Cosminsky et al., 1993; de Onis et al., 2000; Fernandez et al., 2002; and Zere &amp; McIntyre, 2003). The factors responsible for the predisposition of children to mal nutrition vary and ranges from political instability to the economical status of the area (de Onis et al., 2000). Therefore protocols developed for the preventive measures of mal-nutrition should be multifaceted.

Promoting healthy growth and preventing childhood stunting: a global challenge

This compendium of reflections on a wide range of issues should feed a constructive dialogue on how best to pool efforts and address effectively the ‘wicked problem’ (Conklin 2005) of childhood stunting. Development agencies and the nutrition community are challenged to translate the existing high-level political and financial commitments into effective synergistic actions coordinated among multiple actors to reduce the global burden of stunting. Through this supplement and other initiatives the Healthy Growth Project hopes to make positive contributions to meeting that challenge. (Excerpt)

Some determinants of Stunting in children of Tehran

Some determinants of Stunting in children of Tehran

Prevalence of short stature in Saudi children and adolescents

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Data on stature in Saudi children and adolescents are limited. The objective of this report was to establish the national prevalence of short stature in Saudi children and adolescents.DESIGN AND SETTING:Community-based, cross-sectional study conducted over 2 years (2004, 2005)PATIENTS AND METHODS:The national data set of the Saudi reference was used to calculate the stature for age for children and adolescents 5 to 18 years of age. Using the 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) reference, the prevalence of moderate and severe short stature was defined as the proportion of children whose standard deviation score for stature for age was less than -2 and -3, respectively. In addition, the 2000 Center for Disease Control (CDC) and the older 1978 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO references were used for comparison.RESULTS:Using the 2007 WHO reference, sample size in the Saudi reference was 19 372 healthy children and adolescents 5 to 17 years of age, with 50.8% being boys. The overall prevalence of moderate and severe short stature in boys was 11.3% and 1.8%, respectively; and in girls, 10.5% and 1.2%, respectively. The prevalence of moderate short stature was 12.1%, 11% and 11.3% in boys and 10.9%, 11.3% and 10.5% in girls when the 1978 WHO, the 2000 CDC and the 2007 WHO references were used, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The national prevalence of short stature in Saudi children and adolescents is intermediate compared with the international level. Improvement in the socioeconomic and health status of children and adolescents should lead to a reduction in the prevalence of short stature.

Prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight among 5-year-old children in Saint Lucia by three methods of classification and a comparison with historical rates

The study aimed to determine if child obesity rates have risen in the Caribbean nation of Saint Lucia, as found globally, and whether under-nutrition coexists, as in other developing nations. The average adult in Saint Lucia is overweight, thus considerable child obesity might be expected, but there are no current data. Heights and weights were obtained from a sample (n= 425) of the 2001 birth cohort of Saint Lucian children measured during the nation-wide 2006/2007 Prior to School Entry Five-Year Assessment. Prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight were estimated by Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Cole et al. and new World Health Organization (WHO) methods. Previously reported 1976 estimates, including children ≤60 months of age only, based on National Centre for Health Statistics curves, were adjusted to new WHO equivalents using an algorithm developed by Yang and de Onis, and compared with rates in our subsample of children ≤60 months of age (n= 99). Regardless of classification method, overweight and obesity rates were high: 14.4% and 9.2% (WHO); 11.3% and 12.0% (CDC); and 9.9% and 7.1% (Cole et al.), respectively. Underweight estimates also varied: 4.7% (WHO); 11.3% (CDC) and 6.6% (Cole et al.). Obesity in our young subsample (15.2%; WHO) was more than 3 times the adjusted 1976 rate (4.3%). Obesity among Saint Lucian pre-schoolers has tripled in 30 years. Our findings also suggest that this country, like many undergoing a 'nutrition transition', faces the dual challenge of over-nutrition and under-nutrition. Routine monitoring of overweight and underweight is needed in Saint Lucia, as is the implementation and evaluation of programmes to address these problems.

Nutritional status of children living in a community with high HIV prevalence in rural Uganda: a cross-sectional population-based survey

To assess the nutritional status of children in a rural community with high HIV prevalence in rural Uganda and to examine the impact of HIV infection at the individual and population level. Methods Cross-sectional population-based survey of children aged 0-12 in a cohort comprising the residents of 25 neighbouring villages in rural southwest Uganda. Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status (height for age, weight for age and weight for height) were assessed in relation to children's HIV serostatus, maternal HIV serostatus and maternal vital status. Children with a Z score of <-2 were defined as undernourished, with a Z score <-2 for weight for age defining underweight, for height for age defining stunting and for weight for height defining wasting. Of 5951 children surveyed, 91% underwent anthropometric measurement: 30% were underweight, 42% stunted and 10% wasted. HIV seroprevalence among children aged 2-12 was 0.7%. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative children (52%vs. 30%), as was the prevalence of stunting (68%vs. 42%), but there was no significant difference in the prevalence of wasting (4%vs. 9%). There were no significant differences in the prevalences of indicators of undernutrition in children classified by maternal HIV and vital status. Chronic childhood undernutrition is common in this rural community. HIV infection had a direct effect in worsening children's nutritional status, but no indirect effect in terms of maternal HIV infection or maternal death. The population-level impact of childhood HIV infection on nutritional status is limited on account of the low HIV prevalence in children. The response to undernutrition in children in Africa requires action on many fronts: not only delivering community-wide HIV and nutritional interventions but also addressing the many interacting factors that contributed to childhood undernutrition before the HIV era and still do so now.

Nas páginas dos jornais: o caráter diplomático atribuído à tradução literária em meados do século XX

&lt;p&gt;O período da Segunda Guerra Mundial, quando o mercado editorial europeu se fechou para as Américas, surgindo a necessidade de alianças políticas estratégicas no continente americano, foi marcado por um aumento do número de traduções de obras brasileiras levadas para os Estados Unidos. Através da política de “Boa Vizinhança” do governo Roosevelt, foi criado o Gabinete do Coordenador de Assuntos Interamericanos (OCIAA), chefiado por Nelson Rockefeller, onde passou a funcionar um programa de intercâmbio cultural entre os Estados Unidos e o Brasil. Desse programa fazia parte o incentivo à literatura traduzida, vista como fonte de conhecimento mútuo. Criou-se, então, um padrão de comportamento que perdurou por décadas. Érico Veríssimo, Gilberto Freyre, Alfred e Blanche Knopf, Samuel Putnam e Harriet de Onís foram atores importantes nesse processo. E apesar de seu posicionamento de esquerda, até mesmo o escritor Jorge Amado se tornaria, na década de 1960, um &lt;em&gt;bestseller &lt;/em&gt;americano, através dessa vertente “diplomática” da tradução. Os fatos acima descritos foram evidenciados em jornais e revistas da época, cuja cobertura é também apresentada neste artigo.&lt;/p&gt;

National survey of the health and nutrition of schoolchildren in Ethiopia

To estimate the prevalence of chronic health and nutritional conditions of schoolchildren in Ethiopia. Cross-sectional survey in schools in each region randomly selected in proportion to size, then a random sample of 50-68 children in grades 3 and 4 in each school. Children were examined for signs of micronutrient deficiencies and chronic infections; weighed and measured; provided a faecal sample to diagnose intestinal parasitic infections; and were interviewed about their recent diet and hygiene practices. A total of 7572 children were studied in 142 schools in all 11 regions of Ethiopia. Nearly 17% of children were orphans. The prevalence of stunting was 22.3% and 23.1% of children were thin for age, but these may be underestimates as there was evidence that age may have been estimated based on stature when children enroll in school. Just under 10% of children were anaemic when altitude was accounted for. The overall prevalence of trachoma was 13% and children who washed their face before school were at lower risk of trachoma than children who had not. Children who reported that they had eaten fruits or vegetables the day before also had a lower risk of xerophthalmia than children who had not. Only 30% of children were infected with intestinal worms. Trachoma is a problem but anaemia and intestinal worms are relatively uncommon in Ethiopian schoolchildren. These data provide a basis for developing a school health policy and programmes.

Correction

Abstract‘Construction of the World Health Organization child growth standards: selection of methods for attained growth curves’ by Borghi E, de Onis M, Garza C, Van den Broeck J, Frongillo EA, Grummer‐Strawn L, Van Buuren S, Pan H, Molinari L, Martorell R, Onyango AW, Martines JC, for the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group (Statistics in Medicine 2006; 25:247–265).The correct reference for citation [59] was supposed to be [59] Dunn PK, Smyth GK. Randomized quantile residuals. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 1996; 5(3):236–244.The authors offer their apologies to the authors of the cited paper and readers.

Nutritional Health of the Children in Senegal: A Comparative Analysis

The first decade having followed its accession to the international sovereignty in 1960, the Senegalese economy went relatively well. The economic health of the country began to only deteriorate in the 70s and the series of plans and development programs (economic and financial recovery Plan in 1979, Program of adjustment in mid-term and long-term in 1985, etc.) applied by the authorities, unfortunately did not allow to rectify the situation. It is generally admitted that the populations' health, particularly the child's is, in the same way as incomes and expenses, a good indicator to estimate the standard of living. She must therefore be the object of a global approach, in other words, it is necessary to consider it under its aspects at once biological, psychological, economical and social, at all the age stages of life, for all the individuals and in all the environments. The nutritional condition is the best world indicator of the child's well-being. But in developing countries, in spite of the global decrease of the levels of prevalence, the malnutrition still remains a major health problem (UNICEF, 1996; De Onis et al., 2000; Hatloy, 2001; World Bank, 2003). It is taking into consideration its importance that this research was interested to evaluate the nutritional state of the children having less than five years of life and to analyze its interactions with some specific characteristics to the child, the mother and the household. The analysis chose to be devoted to an exercise of comparison before/after the devaluation of the CFA franc. The comparison does not have for objective to analyze the impact of the devaluation on these indicators but to rather see the evolution of these indicators in the time, considering this important monetary shock.

Mainstreaming interventions in the health sector to address maternal and child undernutrition

Mainstreaming interventions in the health sector to address maternal and child undernutrition