De Los Research Articles

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Venezuelan Pediatric Patients-A Single Center Prospective Observational Study.

Several studies suggest that children infected with SARS-CoV-2 have fewer clinical manifestations than adults; when they develop symptoms, they rarely progress to severe disease. Different immunological theories have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. In September 2020, 16% of the active COVID-19 cases in Venezuela were children under 19 years. We conducted a cross-sectional study of pediatric patients' immune response and clinical conditions with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patients were admitted to the COVID-19 area of the emergency department of Dr José Manuel de los Ríos Children's Hospital (2021-2022). The lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry, and IFNγ, IL-6, and IL-10 serum concentrations were quantified using commercial ELISA assays. The analysis was conducted on 72 patients aged one month to 18 years. The majority, 52.8%, had mild disease, and 30.6% of the patients were diagnosed with MIS-C. The main symptoms reported were fever, cough, and diarrhea. A correlation was found between IL-10 and IL-6 concentrations and age group, lymphocyte subpopulations and nutritional status and steroid use, and IL-6 concentrations and clinical severity. The results suggest a different immune response depending on age and nutritional status that should be considered for treating pediatric COVID-19 patients.

Perception of the risk of living in the mediations of a final disposal site, El Salto, Mexico

[Introduction]: The study of risk perception refers to the reflections and evaluations of people about the dangers to which they, their facilities and their environment are or could be exposed and make decisions about it. [Objective]: This research analyzes the risk perception of the communities Mesa de los Laureles and Fraccionamiento Nueva Vizcaya located in El Salto, Jalisco, Mexico, which are in the vicinity of the Los Laureles Sanitary Landfill. In addition to this, the spatial relationship between the location of people and diseases sensitive to contamination is examined. [Methodology]: A quantitative methodology was used, complemented with Geographic Information Systems, field trips and in-depth interviews. 101 surveys were carried out, the questionnaire was divided into four sections with 21 questions. Descriptive statistics and analysis with simple linear regression and chi-square were performed. [Results]: perceives the changes in their environment, and identifies related diseases, such as gastrointestinal, respiratory, and dermal . Statistical models indicate that illnesses could tentatively be minimized by 2.73% if homes were 2.55 meters further from the landfill. [Conclusions]: the population still perceives the risk from a very limited notion of space, which prevents it from reacting to the threat, likewise it has a portfolio of risks, where living in the vicinity of the landfill is not seen as a significant threat to his physical well-being, and assumes it as an acceptable risk.

A Rare Case of Biparental Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia: A Case Report and Literature Review [ID: 1336615

INTRODUCTION: Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare placental anomaly associated with high perinatal mortality; it is predominantly seen in female fetuses and very few cases have been reported. The evaluation of first- and second-trimester products of conception is of the utmost importance when assessing molar pathologies such as complete hydatidiform moles, partial hydatidiform moles, and nonmolar samples. METHODS: We report a monochorionic 46XX,69XXY pregnancy with placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) with possible androgenetic biparental mosaicism etiology (Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes approval number P-270-18). RESULTS: The patient is a 28-year-old gravida 2, para 1, female with no notable past medical history. She had a previous pregnancy resulting in an uncomplicated abdominal delivery at 39 weeks of gestation 5 years prior. The patient was transferred to our health center at 24.2 weeks of gestation with a molar component because of USG data consistent with a probable hepatic tumor, perimembranous ventricular septal defect, and probable PMD. Ultrasound at 24.3 weeks of gestation demonstrated a single intrauterine pregnancy with one-third of the placenta appearing normal, the second third showing irregular cystic masses, and the remaining third with larger cysts. Placental mesenchymal dysplasia was diagnosed retrospectively based on data from the gross, histologic, and genetic components. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PMD with a 46XX,69XXY karyotype. A radical and cautious approach to PMD cases is needed because of the lack of sufficient data and reports.

El hambre de los otros: Ciencia y políticas alimentarias en Latinoamérica, siglos XX y XXI

According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2021, “an estimated 59.7 million people in Latin America and the Caribbean were undernourished” in 2020, “the highest figure in the last 20 years.” Forty-one percent of Latin Americans (267 million people) are food insecure, and while the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated hunger, the trend was already on the upswing before it: “Between 2019 and 2020,” according to the report, “the population living with hunger increased by 30 percent, rising by 14 million people in just one year.” The persistence (and absolute growth) of malnutrition and food insecurity is part of the long history of coloniality, racialized and gendered capitalist development, and the knowledge systems that these intertwined processes create and legitimize.El hambre de los otros helps us to understand the ways that Latin American governments understood, framed, and addressed the problems of hunger and nutrition throughout the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. This well-conceived and timely volume brings together some of the leading Latin American scholars working in the field to explore “the relationship between science, the state, and public policy at the time that governments conceived of and implemented policies to address the food problem in Latin America” (p. 3). This book helps move the study of Latin American food histories beyond studies of production and consumption. Instead, the authors seek to unravel the overlapping scientific and developmentalist discourses on food and poverty, in different national contexts, that undergird policy approaches to “the hunger of the others.”The introduction by Stefan Pohl-Valero and Joel Vargas Domínguez is, in and of itself, an important achievement. The editors provide a breathtaking historiographical and theoretical analysis that engages the international literature on science studies, food and nutrition, and development studies to contextualize the volume's case studies and demonstrate how they engage different but related fields of inquiry. Pohl-Valero and Vargas Domínguez utilize what they refer to as “assemblages of food governance” (ensamblajes del gobierno alimentario) to understand how intersecting discourses and institutions (local, national, international) shape social science research, which creates specific logics of understanding food and nutritional deficiencies and then is used to create policies.The tight focus of this volume is the product of a collaborative intellectual process guided by the editors. Pohl-Valero is a founder of the Red de Estudios Históricos y Sociales de la Nutrición y Alimentación en América Latina, an important research group that brings together scholars from throughout the world and fosters critical work on food and nutrition studies in Latin America. The authors' close collaboration is evident in the depth and breadth of each chapter and in how the chapters engage and intersect with each other.Individual chapters utilize diverse methods and approaches for peeling back the different layers of food policies in Latin America, with chapters on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico. While numerous themes emerge in the volume, several authors examine the use of science and policy to address the nutrition of the poor. On this theme, Sandra Aguilar Rodríguez addresses race and gender in postrevolutionary Mexican food policy, Vargas Domínguez writes on women's health and scientific interactions between Argentina and Mexico, Rodrigo Ramos Lima focuses on organotherapy and its connection to nutrition policies in Brazil, and Luisa Fernanda Rojas Sandoval examines the creation of Bienestarina, a low-cost nutritional supplement in Colombia. Other chapters center Latin America's engagement in international nutritional debates, such as José Buschini's chapter on the 1939 Third International Conference on Nutrition, Nicole Pacino's chapter on US public health and nutrition assistance to Bolivia, and Eve Buckley's chapter on debates on hunger and overpopulation in the United States and Brazil. Chapters by the research team of Stefan Pohl-Valero, Sebastián Albán, Johan Sebastián Ariza, Yaneth Becerra, Natalia Camacho, Claudia Cortés, and Beatriz Macías, by Sören Brinkmann, and by Pilar Zazueta examine the confluence of institutions and discourses involved in the creation and transformation of food policies in Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico, respectively. Flavia Demonte and Sandra Daza-Caicedo delve into recent nutritional policies, the former for Argentina and the latter for Bogotá, Colombia.El hambre de los otros is an outstanding collection and essential reading for students of contemporary Latin American history and for anyone interested in food studies, science studies, public policy, and the nation-state. The persistence of hunger and malnutrition amid plenty is at the core of Latin American realities. Fortunately, the contributors to this book help to reveal the structures of power, knowledge systems, and policies that have yet to find the magic beans to eradicate hunger.

Facilidad de uso de los auriculares en la pandemia de covid-19 Usabilidade do Fone de ouvido na pandemia covid-19

The use of headphones was accentuated starting from the year 2020, inserted in the online universe of meetings, conferences, congresses, lives, classes, and videos, in the home office system, due to social isolation, resource resulting from health recommendations, pandemic of Covid 19. The purpose of this work is based on the response of the survey carried out with users to assist the design when elaborating the headphones project, considering the usability and choice factors from the perspective of the user’s perception. Based on a literature review, a questionnaire was designed aimed at the perception of the fundamental requirements of the device, which led to essential factors directing future design projects, in which there is alignment between physical and cognitive ergonomics, aiming at comfort, usage satisfaction, and health of its users.

The Revised Starling Hypothesis: Modeling the impact of the glycocalyx on vascular refilling during ultrafiltration in humans

The glycocalyx lines systemic capillaries and influences the distribution of osmotic forces across the capillary between the intravascular and interstitial compartments. By creating a pericapillary space between the capillary and the interstitium with a low osmotic pressure, the predicted and measured water flux at the distal end of systemic capillaries is outward under physiological conditions – contrary to the prediction of the traditional Starling model of capillary fluid transport. This has led to a ‘revised’ Starling model in which the predicted the movement of water from the capillary into the interstitium is consistently outward, and the return of water from the interstitial compartment necessary to maintain intravascular volume occurs nearly exclusively through the lymphatic system. We developed a methematicl model of the revised Starling Hypothesis that is applicable to the whole body in the special circumstance of hemodialysis, where the contributions of renal function to blood volume regulation may be ignored, and the total input and output of water and solutes are controlled and measured as part of the process of hemodialysis. We created a revised, two compartment (vascular+interstitial space), Starling model using the quantitative model of Facchini et al. (Microvasc. Res. 94:52-63, 2014) that describes capillary transport through the glycocalyx (albeit as normalized dimensionless values). We modelled the return of interstitial water to the vascular space through lymphatic flow based on the interstitial pressure (Possenti et al., Micro. Vasc. Res. 122:101-110, 2019), and we estimated the interstitial pressure based upon the formulation of Chapple et al. (Comp. Meth, and Prog. In Biomed. 41: 33-54,1993). We used the two-compartment model (intravascular and extravascular spaces) developed by de los Reyes et al. (J. Theoret. Biol. 390:146-155, 2016) to analyze transcapillary fluxes based on the traditional Starling model, and we embedded the description of fluxes across glycocalyx developed by Facchini et al. to decribe the fluxes of solutes and water across the glycocalyx and peri-glycocalyx/sub-capillary space and added control of lymphatic function within this two-compartment model to create a revised Starling model. The traditional and revised models were evaluated using data from periods of ultrafiltration in which the hematocrit (Crit-line), body weight and measured fluid input or ultrafiltrate removed were measured, and we compared the predicted fluxes of solvent and solutes across the capillary and through the lymphatic system between the traditional and revised Starling models. The two models lead to dramatically different predictions—all of the fluid transported out of the capillary must come back via the lymphatics according to the revised Starling model. This places vital importance upon the lymphatic flow during vascular refilling when blood volume is reduced and must be repleted to maintain stable cardiac function. Partially funded by the Renal Research Institute This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Spatiotemporal Variability in Disturbance Frequency and Severity across Mexico: Evidence from Conifer Tree Rings

It is critical to understand the ecological processes of forest dynamics by identifying past forest disturbances to take appropriate management actions. Tree-rings are commonly used for this purpose due to their reliability and accuracy. Here, we used a network of ring-width data distributed along a broad ecological gradient for the spatiotemporal identification of forest disturbances in 15 species of 13 sites of young Mexican conifers. We found different spatial and temporal patterns in the occurrence of forest disturbance. The species with the highest disturbance rates were Pinus patula (Ppa; El Jacalón), Pinus montezumae (Pmo; La Cueva), Pinus hartwegii (Phc; Cerro El Moro), and Pinus teocote (Pts; Rancho Joyas del Durazno) of the Gulf of Mexico, and Pinus ayacahuite (Pay; Corral de los Borregos) of the Mexico Center. The highest number of disturbances was found in 1953, 1956, 1976, and 1980; however, we noted that the number of disturbances tended to increase from 1975 to 1990 and particularly from 2000 onwards. The species close to the Gulf of Mexico presented a higher frequency and severity of disturbances than those located close to the Pacific Ocean. Thus, our results demonstrate a spatiotemporal pattern of disturbance events, which deserves further analysis, including regarding the drivers of disturbance. This knowledge is crucial for a better understanding of the dynamics of contemporary species.

Whale shark abundance forecast: The interannual hotspot effect

Abstract Each year, whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) aggregate in the northern Gulf of California at Bahia de los Angeles, a small coastal village that recently developed whale shark swimming as economic activity during the summer and autumn. Since the number of animals using the bay fluctuates annually, we aimed to predict it 1 month before each whale shark season. We based our modelling approach on the hypothesis that interannual warming conditions would spatially restrict whale shark habitats, triggering larger aggregations in areas that remain productive. We photo‐identified whale sharks while surface feeding in Bahia de los Angeles during a 13‐year period, which allowed us to estimate a local abundance index per year through mark–recapture techniques. Then, we fitted these abundances as a function of several competing model structures, based on means of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll‐a, as well as their interannual anomalies from the linear trend, during spring, within the best‐known range of the species in the northern Gulf of California. The results of the ecological model showed that whale sharks visit Bahia de los Angeles in larger numbers during extreme warming conditions, with relatively high surface chlorophyll‐a concentrations, which was especially evident during the 2014–2016 northeast Pacific Marine Heatwave and El Niño. Presumably, the overall reduction in surface productivity associated with these events forced whale sharks to restrict their summer–autumn habitat to productivity hotspots, including Bahia de los Angeles. Our model allowed us to predict the number of animals visiting the site before each season starts, which has crucial proactive management implications, such as allowing authorities to regulate the ecotourism effort dynamically to reduce the probability of ship strikes and/or excessive stress to the animals. We propose an abundance baseline from the prediction for neutral interannual conditions. Synthesis and applications. We recommend local authorities apply the model described in this study during the late spring of each year to obtain predictions of the upcoming whale shark abundance and establish the maximum ecotourism effort allowed accordingly.

The Sima de los Huesos cervical spine.

Information regarding the evolution of the neck in genus Homo is hampered owing to a limited fossil record. Neandertals display significant metric and/or morphological differences in all the cervical vertebrae, when compared to Homo sapiens. Thus, the important fossil record from the Middle Pleistocene site of Sima de los Huesos (SH) not only offers important information about the evolution of this anatomical region within the Neandertal lineage, but also provides important clues to understand the evolution of this region at the genus level. We present the current knowledge of the anatomy of the cervical spine of the hominins found in SH compared to that of Neandertals and modern humans, and, when possible, to Homo erectus and Homo antecessor. The current SH fossil record comprises 172 cervical specimens (after refittings) belonging to a minimum of 11 atlases, 13 axes, and 52 subaxial cervical vertebrae. The SH hominins exhibit a morphological pattern in their cervical spine more similar to that of Neandertals than that of H. sapiens, which is consistent with the phylogenetic position of these hominins. However, there are some differences between the SH hominins and Neandertals in this anatomical region, primarily in the length and robusticity, and to a lesser extent in the orientation of the spinous processes of the lowermost cervical vertebrae. We hypothesize that these differences in the lowermost subaxial cervical vertebrae could be related to the increase in the brain size and/or changes in the morphology of the skull that occurred in the Neandertal lineage.

In the bosom of the Earth: a new megalithic monument at the Antequera World Heritage Site

Antequera in southern Spain is widely recognised as an outstanding example of the European megalithic phenomenon. One of its most remarkable features is the evident relationship between conspicuous natural formations and human-built monuments. Here, the authors report the results of their investigation of a tomb newly discovered at the site of Piedras Blancas at the foot of La Peña de los Enamorados, a limestone massif that dominates the Antequera plain. Excavation and multidisciplinary study, including geological, architectural and archaeoastronomical investigations, have revealed a complex funerary monument that is part natural, part built, part hypogeum, part megalith. The results emphasise the centrality of La Peña in the Neolithic worldview and encourage wider investigation of prehistoric place-making.

The sound of the beast: Structure and anti-structure in religious and secular schooling

Tensions between spiritual development and school discipline academic goals at one Puerto Rican Protestant high school mirror tensions between leadership development and discipline at my own school. At the Protestant school where I conducted ethnographic research, faculty-student hierarchies were downplayed and students were given ample freedom of expression in worship, in the interest of encouraging them to have individual encounters with God. At the second site, I recount “auto-ethnographically” how the school’s leadership-development mission is associated with rituals and relationships paralleling those in the first site. As part of this auto-ethnography, I also describe how students, through the student government which serves as a counterpart to worship activities at the Protestant school, successfully contested the administration’s authority in a controversy over the dress code. I employ both cases to illustrate how liminality and communitas, concepts developed by the anthropologists Victor Turner and Edith Turner, explain the tensions described and serve to draw attention to similar moments and spaces in religious and secular schooling. The writings of John Taylor Gatto as well as Eileen de los Reyes and Patricia Gozemba’s concept of “pockets of hope” further highlight this tension. Liminality and communitas also help identify much of what was lost in emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research with these concepts could produce important insights into the possibilities and pitfalls of such educational endeavours, as well as into the interplay between structure and agency in schooling.

Abstract 396: Role of PHF8 in resistance to melanoma targeted therapies

Abstract Melanoma is a highly prevalent cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. While immune checkpoint inhibitors have drastically improved outcomes for about half of metastatic melanoma patients, many are still resistant to these treatments or develop life-threatening toxicities. Around 50% of melanomas carry BRAF mutations that result in constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway. Therapeutic combinations of BRAF and MEK inhibitors (MAPKi) have proven very efficient against these tumors, but responses are not durable and treatment-resistant recurrence almost inevitably occurs. Our group recently uncovered a role for the histone demethylase PHF8 in melanoma metastasis, and demonstrated that PHF8 directly controls the expression of key components of the TGFβ pathway. Given that TGFβ signaling crosstalks with the MAPK pathway and contributes to resistance to therapy in various tumors, we decided to investigate a potential role for PHF8 in response and resistance to MAPKi therapy in melanoma. To test our hypothesis, we assessed the effect of modulating PHF8 expression in BRAFV600E-mutant cells and their matched MAPKi-resistant derivatives. PHF8 silencing did not affect cell survival or proliferation of parental, MAPKi-sensitive melanoma cell lines, but it re-sensitized resistant cells to MAPKi treatment. Conversely, PHF8 overexpression in melanoma cell lines did not affect their proliferation rate but increased the emergence of resistant clones in BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma cells treated with BRAFi (Dabrafenib) and MEKi (Trametinib) combinations. Next, we assessed the dynamics of PHF8 expression and TGFβ signaling in melanoma cells exposed to MAPKi. Treatment of MAPKi-sensitive cells leads to a fast and complete downregulation of PHF8 protein expression without a change in mRNA levels, paralleled by reduced TGFβ signaling, as evidenced by decreased SMAD2 phosphorylation. However, PHF8 protein expression is restored in MAPKi resistant clones. Therefore, based on our preliminary data, we postulate that PHF8 suppression by the MAPK pathway plays a critical role in melanoma response to targeted therapy and that its restoration contributes to acquisition of resistance. We are currently investigating MAPK-dependent mechanisms controlling PHF8 stability, and testing novel PHF8 inhibitors for their ability to bypass or overcome melanoma resistance to MAPKi. Our studies might provide basis for a novel epigenetic therapy as a strategy to maximize the potential of MAPKi therapy in melanoma treatment. Citation Format: María de los Ángeles Gómez-Muñoz, Nicole Eskow, Ines Delclaux, Rana Moubarak, Eva Hernando-Monge. Role of PHF8 in resistance to melanoma targeted therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 396.

Abstract 2850: NX-5948 promotes selective, sub-nanomolar degradation of inhibitor-resistant BTK mutants

Abstract Small molecule kinase inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies by suppressing signaling pathways essential for tumor cell survival. Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitors are widely used in the clinic for treatment of patients with B cell malignancies. Acquired resistance mutations, however, can reduce or eliminate their efficacy and represent a growing challenge. Mutations at C481 dramatically reduce the binding of covalent BTK inhibitors, whereas other clinically-observed mutations such as V416L, T474I, and L528W reduce or eliminate the activity of next-generation non-covalent inhibitors. Some of these mutations abolish BTK kinase activity while retaining intact BCR signaling and BTK-dependent growth, indicating that mutant BTK elicits scaffold-mediated signaling essential for malignant B cell survival. To assess the impact of resistance mutations on the activity of BTK inhibitors, we generated a DLBCL line (TMD8) harboring BTK-C481S, V416L, T474I, or L528W point mutations. The C481S mutation eliminated the anti-proliferative effects of covalent inhibitors ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, and zanubrutinib, while the V416L, T474I, and L528W mutations dramatically reduced the activity of pirtobrutinib, vecabrutinib, and fenebrutinib. L528W largely abolished the activity of ibrutinib and zanubrutinib, whereas V416L substantially reduced the activity of acalabrutinib. This variability in BTK inhibitor sensitivity to resistance mutations complicates treatment decisions for patients who relapse on BTK inhibitors, necessitating agents that can more broadly target resistance mutations. Here we assessed the activity of NX-5948, a heterobifunctional degrader molecule that induces the targeted degradation of BTK. We used surface plasmon resonance to evaluate the binding of NX-5948 to WT and mutant (C481S, T474I, V416L and L528W) BTK proteins. NX-5948 binds potently to BTK WT, C481S and T474I with single-digit nanomolar affinities, but loses potency against the V416L (14-fold) and L528W (33-fold) mutants. Despite this reduction in binary binding affinity, NX-5948 induces sub-nanomolar degradation of all mutant forms of BTK and potently suppresses expression of activation markers and proliferation in TMD8 cells harboring these mutations. We propose that the positive cooperativity that NX-5948 induces between BTK and the E3 ligase cereblon contributes to its potent and sustained degradation activity against BTK resistance mutants. We also assessed the selectivity of NX-5948 by global proteomics and observed exquisite selectivity across cell types and conditions. The exceptional potency, selectivity, and activity of NX-5948 against BTK mutants warrant its investigation in clinical settings that develop diverse inhibitor resistance. A phase 1a/b trial of NX-5948 for patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies is ongoing (NCT05131022). Citation Format: Mark Andrew Noviski, Nivetha Brathaban, Ratul Mukerji, Stephanie Yung, Jordan Ye, Hugo Bousquet, Mateo Sanchez Garcia de los Rios, Brandon Bravo, Jiwen Chen, Paul Auger, Jeffrey Mihalic, Hao Lu, Cristiana Guiducci, Gwenn Hansen. NX-5948 promotes selective, sub-nanomolar degradation of inhibitor-resistant BTK mutants [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2850.

Neanderthal child's maxilla from Baume Moula-Guercy (Soyons, Ardèche, France).

This article provides an ontogenetically-based comparative description of the Guercy 3 partial child's maxilla with Rdm2 -RM1 and unerupted RI2 -RP4 from Baume Moula-Guercy (MIS 5e) and examines its affinities to European and Middle Eastern Middle-to-Late Pleistocene (≈MIS 14-MIS 1) Homo. Description of the Guercy 3 maxilla and dentition (7.0 year ± 0.9 month) is based on observations of original fossils, casts, CT scans, literature descriptions, and virtual reconstructions. Our ontogenetic sample comprises a Preneanderthal-Neanderthal group and a Homo sapiens group. These groups are subdivided into (1) Preneanderthals (≈MIS 14-9), Early Neanderthals (MIS 7-5e), and Late Neanderthals (MIS 5d-3), and (2) Middle (MIS 5), Upper (MIS 3-2), and Late Upper Paleolithic (≈MIS 1), and recent H. sapiens. Standard techniques were employed for measurements and developmental age determinations.The Guercy 3 maxilla lacks changes found in Late Neanderthals, including the positioning of the root of the zygomatic process, infraorbital and nasal plates, premaxilla, buccal and labial alveolus, maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, and verticality of anterior tooth implantation. The morphology of the Guercy 3 maxilla more closely approximates that of Sima de los Huesos Preneanderthals, while the dentition more closely approximates the Early-Late Neanderthal condition. Maxillary remains of children and juveniles between MIS 14-MIS 5e are rare, and the available sample is fragmentary and distorted. Although fragmentary, the Guercy 3 maxilla is undistorted and provides new insights into the evolution of the midface in Neanderthals.

Atardece el barroco: ficción experimental en la España de Carlos II (1665-1700) ed. by Jorge García López and Enrique García Santo-Tomás

Reviewed by: Atardece el barroco: ficción experimental en la España de Carlos II (1665-1700) ed. by Jorge García López and Enrique García Santo-Tomás John Slater Atardece el barroco: ficción experimental en la España de Carlos II (1665-1700). Ed. by Jorge García López and Enrique García Santo-Tomás. (Albores de un Tiempo Nuevo, 2) Madrid: Iberoamericana Vervuert. 2021. 371 pp. €40. ISBN 978–9192–261–2. No longer Golden Age and not yet Enlightenment, the literary period between the death of Pedro Calderón de la Barca in 1681 and that of Carlos II in 1700 can be either 'bajobarroco' and 'tardobarroco'—looking backward—or 'primera' and 'temprana ilustración'—looking forward. In their Introduction the editors associate the period with the 'novatores', who were men of science, not poets; specifically, 'novatores' were scientists battling decadence, a cultural failing that scholars rarely bother to identify through comparison with that which is demonstrably not decadent. Addressing such problems head on, Atardece el barroco implicitly links experimental philosophy and experimental fiction, by focusing on the uses of periodicity, the relationship of science and literature, and what that relationship can tell us about both fields. Although the collection is subtitled 'ficción experimental en la España de Carlos II', there is little fiction in the traditional sense; instead, the term brings together disparate regimes of representation, allowing the authors to range widely across genres while meditating on time and knowledge. These meditations are roughly divisible into three camps. The first is composed of contributors—Miguel García-Bermejo Giner, Pedro Ruiz Pérez, Paula Casariego Castiñeira, and Nicolás Fernández Medina—who emphasize continuities between the late baroque and the period that precedes it. García-Bermejo Giner traces successive plagiarisms of advice to married couples in conduct manuals, starting with Antonio de Guevara and extending to Antonio Sánchez Tórtoles. Ruiz Pérez's study of the point at which literary biography becomes fanciful encomium indicates that biography's style becomes an artefact of influence when the biographer imitates the tone of his subject. The dramatic topos of the enchanted garden, Casariego Castiñeira shows, is an allusive crossroads where Ariosto and Spanish dramaturgy intersect. Finally, Fernández Medina, examining the work of Antonio de Fuentelapeña, first demonstrates that a narrative sensibility infiltrated scholastic dialectics and then poses a larger question: at what point does slavish scholasticism become literary parody? Jorge García López, Chad M. Gasta, and Alain Bègue comprise the second camp, and all three look forward towards the Enlightenment. García López demonstrates persuasively that Francisco Gutiérrez de los Ríos, a figure who in recent years has come to be seen as seminal for the period, eschewed Descartes's conceptual philosophy in favour of Gassendi's practicality. Gasta creates a vivid portrait of the [End Page 266] playwright Bances Candamo's oscillations between earnest acceptance and critical interrogation of astrology. Scrutinizing poets' 'afán de modernidad' leads Bègue to a marvellous exploration of scientific modernity as a question of taste: a world-view that entailed an aesthetic. More eclectic is the third camp—made up of Folke Gernert, María Elisa Navarro Morales, María Luz López-Terrada, Adriana García-Bryce, and Enrique García Santo-Tomás—in which historiographic sensibilities are varied and surprising. Emblematic of this group is Gernert, who, entirely unburdened by centuries of sclerotic historiography, portrays Carlos II actively patronizing early chemistry; Gernert creates a new context in which to understand the court as a place where dramatic spectacle and scientific practice met. Navarro Morales shows that Juan Caramuel de Lobkowitz, in his architecture manual, contemplated the ways in which the built environment can influence behaviours by positing that the artificer-prince might promote peace through legible architecture. López Terrada, treating the theatre of Juan Bautista Diamante as source text for the social history of medicine, argues compellingly that literature often represents medicine according to literary conventions that do not correspond to social realities; literature does not always tell us...

Review: Inventing Indigenism: Francisco Laso’s Image of Modern Peru, by Natalia Majluf

Book Review| April 01 2023 Review: Inventing Indigenism: Francisco Laso’s Image of Modern Peru, by Natalia Majluf Inventing Indigenism: Francisco Laso’s Image of Modern Peru, by Natalia Majluf. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2021. 245 pages. Hardcover $50.00, ebook $50.00. Verónica Uribe Hanabergh Verónica Uribe Hanabergh Universidad de los Andes Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture (2023) 5 (2): 149–150. https://doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2023.5.2.149 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Verónica Uribe Hanabergh; Review: Inventing Indigenism: Francisco Laso’s Image of Modern Peru, by Natalia Majluf. Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 1 April 2023; 5 (2): 149–150. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2023.5.2.149 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentLatin American and Latinx Visual Culture Search Art historian Natalia Majluf’s Inventing Indigenism derives from her doctoral dissertation, which she returned to after working for more than twenty years (1995–2018) at the Museo de Arte de Lima, first as curator in chief and then as director. She was able to revise, update, and publish her research while she was the Simón Bolívar Visiting Chair at the Centre of Latin American Studies, University of Cambridge (2018–19). This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the modern construction of Peru, a process Majluf examines through a deep, well-thought-out textual and visual proposition based on a single painting: Francisco Laso’s Habitante de las Cordilleras del Perú (Inhabitant of the Peruvian Highlands, 1855). The strength of this painting is already latent on the cover; its seriousness, massiveness, and centrality are visually evident and become even more influential throughout the text, as Majluf intelligently examines modern indigenism and the... You do not currently have access to this content.

Notes on Contributors

Other| April 01 2023 Notes on Contributors South Atlantic Quarterly (2023) 122 (2): 417–420. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-10405189 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Notes on Contributors. South Atlantic Quarterly 1 April 2023; 122 (2): 417–420. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-10405189 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsSouth Atlantic Quarterly Search Advanced Search Timothy Brennan has published essays on literature, cultural politics, intellectuals, and imperial culture in numerous publications, including The Nation, the Times Literary Supplement, New Left Review, Critical Inquiry, and the London Review of Books. He teaches humanities at the University of Minnesota, and is the author most recently of Borrowed Light, Vol I: Vico, Hegel and the Colonies (2014) and Places of Mind: A Life of Edward Said (2021).Ana Cristina González-Vélez is a medical doctor and a PhD in bioethics and public health, and a renowned international expert and leader in the field of health and sexual and reproductive rights, the right to health, and gender equality. She has held several positions across the spectrum of her profession: as a service provider, policy formulator, researcher, international advisor, activist, and teacher on “health law” at the School of Medicine in the Universidad de los Andes. She has served as an... You do not currently have access to this content.

Marine protected areas in the southern south‐west Atlantic: Insights from marine top predator communities

AbstractThe marine ecosystem provides numerous goods and services, dampens the impacts of floods and storms, and provides climate control, through the regulation of carbon fluxes, nutrient cycling, and the bioremediation of human waste and tourism. However, the ocean is vulnerable to anthropogenic threats and has been severely altered by humans.Seabirds and marine mammals are long lived, highly mobile, easily identifiable, and occupy the upper levels of trophic webs. These ecological features make them suitable as sentinels of the marine ecosystem.Sighting data collected during eight oceanographic surveys were analysed to describe and compare the biodiversity of the communities of top predators within the marine protected areas (MPAs) of Namuncurá/Burdwood Bank I and II and the surrounding areas in two contrasting seasons (summer and winter). Data were grouped into six zones based on depth and geographic position.Twenty‐five species of seabirds and 13 species of marine mammals were recorded in 113 days of surveys between 2014 and 2018. Top predator community composition varied seasonally in the different zones.A suite of indicator species was identified according to their specificity and fidelity to a particular zone. Most of the species identified as potentially useful indicators differed between summer and winter, highlighting the importance of conducting systematic surveys in both periods.The MPAs Namuncurá/Burdwood Bank I and II are key areas for top predator communities in the region, mainly in summer when the number and abundance of species increase. However, the waters around Isla de los Estados and the channel between Isla de los Estados and Burdwood Bank were also identified as a relevant habitat for many species. This knowledge should be included to create a regional network of areas under special management considerations that connect the established MPAs with other key pelagic and coastal areas (as found in this study) for the conservation of subantarctic marine megafauna.

COOL–LAMPS. III. Discovery of a 25.″9 Separation Quasar Lensed by a Merging Galaxy Cluster* * This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile, and the 2.5 m Nordic Optical Telescope located at Rocque de los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma.

In the third paper from the COOL–LAMPS Collaboration, we report the discovery of COOL J0542-2125, a gravitationally lensed quasar at z = 1.84, observed as three images due to an intervening massive galaxy cluster at z = 0.61. The lensed quasar images were identified in a search for lens systems in recent public optical imaging data and have separations on the sky up to 25.″9, wider than any previously known lensed quasar. The galaxy cluster acting as a strong lens appears to be in the process of merging, with two subclusters separated by ∼1 Mpc in the plane of the sky, and their central galaxies showing a radial velocity difference of ∼1000 km s−1. Both cluster cores show strongly lensed images of an assortment of background sources, as does the region between them. A preliminary strong lens model implies masses of and for the east and west subclusters, respectively. This line of sight is also coincident with an ROSAT ALL-sky Survey source, centered between the two confirmed cluster halos reminiscent of other major cluster-scale mergers. Archival and new follow-up imaging show flux variability in the quasar images of up to 0.4 mag within ∼1 yr, and new multicolor imaging data reveal a 2σ detection of the underlying quasar host. A lens system with this configuration offers rare opportunities for a range of future studies of both the lensed quasar and its host and the foreground cluster merger causing the lensing.

The Neandertal nature of the Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos mandibles.

The recovery of additional mandibular fossils from the Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos (SH) site provides new insights into the evolutionary significance of this sample. In particular, morphological descriptions of the new adult specimens are provided, along with standardized metric data and phylogenetically relevant morphological features for the expanded adult sample. The new and more complete specimens extend the known range of variation in the Atapuerca (SH) mandibles in some metric and morphological details. In other aspects, the addition of new specimens has made it possible to confirm previous observations based on more limited evidence. Pairwise comparisons of individual metric variables revealed the only significant difference between the Atapuerca (SH) hominins and Neandertals was a more vertical symphysis in the latter. Similarly, principal components analysis of size-adjusted variables showed a strong similarity between the Atapuerca (SH) hominins and Neandertals. Morphologically, the Atapuerca (SH) mandibles show nearly the full complement of Neandertal-derived features. Nevertheless, the Neandertals differ from the Atapuerca (SH) mandibles in showing a high frequency of the H/O mandibular foramen, a truncated, thinned and inverted gonial margin, a high placement of the mylohyoid line at the level of the M3, a more vertical symphysis and somewhat more pronounced expression of the chin structures. Size-related morphological variation in the SH hominins includes larger retromolar spaces, more posterior placement of the lateral corpus structures, and stronger markings associated with the muscles of mastication in larger specimens. However, phylogenetically relevant features in the SH sample are fairly stable and do not vary with the overall size of the mandible. Direct comparison of the enlarged mandibular sample from Atapuerca (SH) with the Mauer mandible, the type specimen of H. heidelbergensis, reveals important differences from the SH hominins, and there is no morphological counterpart of Mauer within the SH sample, suggesting the SH fossils should not be assigned to this taxon. The Atapuerca (SH) mandibles show a greater number of derived Neandertal features, particularly those related to midfacial prognathism and in the configuration of the superior ramus, than other European middle Pleistocene specimens. This suggests that more than one evolutionary lineage co-existed in the middle Pleistocene, and, broadly speaking, it appears possible to separate the European middle Pleistocene mandibular remains into two distinct groupings. One group shows a suite of derived Neandertal features and includes specimens from the sites of Atapuerca (SH), Payre, l'Aubesier and Ehringsdorf. The other group includes specimens that generally lack derived Neandertal features and includes the mandibles from the sites of Mauer, Mala Balanica, Montmaurin and (probably) Visogliano. The two published Arago mandibles differ strongly from one another, with Arago 2 probably belonging to this former group, and Neandertal affinities being more difficult to identify in Arago 13. Outside of the SH sample, derived Neandertal features in the mandible only become more common during the second half of the middle Pleistocene. Acceptance of a cladogenetic pattern of evolution during the European middle Pleistocene has the potential to reconcile the predictions of the accretion model and the two phases model for the appearance of Neandertal morphology. The precise taxonomic classification of the SH hominins must contemplate features from the dentition, cranium, mandible and postcranial skeleton, all of which are preserved at the SH site. Nevertheless, the origin of the Neandertal clade may be tied to a speciation event reflected in the appearance of a suite of derived Neandertal features in the face, dentition and mandible, all of which are present in the Atapuerca (SH) hominins. This same suite of features also provides a useful anatomical basis to include other European middle Pleistocene mandibles and crania within the Neandertal clade.