974 Reviews tual fermentof ideas of the time?some of which could, and did, kill?Diderot's work and certain books wrongly attributed to him became central to a number of signifi? cant debates. Knowledge of the full range of Diderot's writings remained of course largely incomplete until Naigeon's edition of the (Euvres (1798), since so many of the works, among them the most subversive, had been until that point known only to the very restricted circle of royal and aristocratic subscribers to Grimm's Correspondance litteraire. Tarin deals initially with the abbe Raynal's Histoire des deux Indes, to the third edition of which (1780) Diderot made a massive contribution, and examines how the text informed the revolutionary debates forand against slaves, that led ultimately to the abolition of the slave trade by the Convention in 1794. Further chapters deal with (1) the manner in which certain revolutionaries, notably Robespierre, contested the materialism and atheism of the Encyclopedie; (2) the political theories expressed in the great work and republican interpretations of the views of the encyclopedisteson the political and civil rights of the people; (3) the harnessing of art in the service of the revolutionary ideal of moral regeneration, and the impact of the Salon de 1765 and the Essais sur lapeinture when they appeared in 1795; (4) the consequences ofthe false attribution to Diderot of Morelly's Code de la nature (1755); and (5) the moral outrage that greeted the publication in the second half of the decade ofJacques lefataliste and La Religieuse, as well as the Supplement au voyage de Bougainville and the Entretien d'unphilosophe avec la Marechalede ##*. In his final chapter Tarin shows how, under the Directoire and the Consulat, through exaggerated, distorted, and tendentious readings of his works, Diderot was already portrayed as society's 'fossoyeur' and the source of a 'philosophie anarchiste, volontiers iconoclaste et sanguinaire' (p. 165), a view consolidated by the false attribution to him of D'Holbach's Systeme de la nature. It was only at the very end of the decade that the discourse of certain of the Ideologues initiated glimmerings of a rehabilitation that has taken the best part of two hundred years to complete. This absorbing book is admirably written and documented?Tarin has in particular made excellent use of his extensive knowledge of the revolutionary press?and will take an honoured place among the many notable volumes devoted to Diderot over the past few decades. University of Wales Swansea Michael Cardy Penser la musique dans l"Encyclopedie'. By Alain Cernuschi. (Les dix-huitieme siecles, 47, collection dirige par Raymond Trousson et Antony McKenna) Paris: Champion. 2000. 789 pp. This is a book of major importance for the interpretation of the famous Encyclopedie of Diderot and D'Alembert. The opening forty pages are a lucid meditation on the problems involved in interpreting the dictionary as a totality, and should be read, beyond the restricted field of music, by anyone venturing interpretation of any of its parts (most typically, perhaps, when detaching famous authors' texts from it). An alternative title would justifiably be: Interpreter la pensee de l'( Encyclopedie': L'Exemple de la musique, but library classifications, one suspects, will not respect this nuance and the book will have to be sought on the music shelves. Music illustrates perfectly the methodological problems of drawing a map of the great work's contents and of dealing interpretatively with two logics which are so easily confused, and are indeed largely treated by the Encyclopaedists themselves as one and the same: these are the descriptive logic which seeks to show the connections between bodies of knowledge of the real world already acquired, and the heuristic logic which presents the dictionary as an instrument ofexploration and discovery. The object of two further opening chapters is thus to present music as especially worthy MLR, 97.4, 2002 975 of study as a crossroads of Enlightenment thought (both in what is made explicit and in what is left unsaid) and to present the principles behind the establishment of the corpus of over 1,000 musical articles, rendering it as statistically sound as possible. A quantitative analysis of these thus also has its...