DDT In Liver Research Articles

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) occurrence in Sparus aurata exposed to microplastic enriched diets in aquaculture facilities

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are highly stable and bioaccumulative, and microplastics (MPs; plastics <5 mm) are ubiquitous in the marine environment. In this study we report the levels of a selection of pollutants in liver and muscle of juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) exposed to virgin and weathered MP enriched diets during three months and followed by one month of MP depuration. In general, a major concentration of pollutants in liver was observed. According to OCPs, total DDTs was two or three times higher in liver. Levels in muscle suffer higher variability between treatments and sampling periods. The MP index was negatively correlated to HCB and positively to p,p′DDT in liver. Levels of pollutants are correlated to biological parameters such as total size and total weight. Our results suggest that the bioaccumulation is subjected to the molecular structure of the pollutants and that MPs are correlated with the detoxification system.

The evaluation of p,p'-DDT exposure on cell adhesion of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Many studies have found a positive association between the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and DDT exposure. These studies mainly focus on the effect of DDT exposure on cell proliferation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotion. However, the influence of DDT on cell adhesion of hepatocellular carcinoma remains to be unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of p,p'-DDT on cell adhesion of hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. The data showed that p,p'-DDT, exposing HepG2 cells for 6 days, decreased cell-cell adhesion and elevated cell-matrix adhesion. Strikingly, p,p'-DDT increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and this was accompanied by the activation of JAK/STAT3 pathway. Moreover, ROS inhibitor supplement reversed these effects significantly. However, the addition of ER inhibitor, ICI, had no effect on the p,p'-DDT-induced effects. p,p'-DDT altered the mRNA levels of related adhesion molecules, including inhibition of E-cadherin and promotion of N-cadherin along with CD29. Interestingly, the p,p'-DDT-altered adhesion molecules could be reversed with JAK inhibitor or STAT3 inhibitor. Likewise, p,p'-DDT stimulated the JAK/STAT3 pathway in nude mice, as well as altered the mRNA levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and CD29. Taken together, these results indicate that p,p'-DDT profoundly promotes the adhesion process by decreasing cell-cell adhesion and inducing cell-matrix adhesion via the ROS-mediated JAK/STAT3 pathway. All these events account for the carcinogenic potential of p,p'-DDT in liver.

A COMPARISON BETWEEN INTUBATION AND FOOD ADDITION AS ROUTES OF ORAL EXPOSURE FOR NORTHERN BOBWHITES TO DDT INSECTICIDE

Our objective was to compare two methods of oral dosing of p,p'-DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane) on uptake of DDT metabolites and isomers (i.e., p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDD) in livers and brains. p,p'-DDT was administered to northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) by intubation with corn oil or as a feed additive for 56 days. When adjusted for amount of DDT consumed, total DDT (sigma DDT, the summation of all DDT metabolites and isomers) and p,p'-DDE concentrations differed significantly (P less than 0.10) in both brains and livers, whereas p,p'-DDD differed only in brains and p,p'-DDT differed only in livers. Paired comparisons between brains and livers differed significantly for sigma DDT, (P less than 0.05), p,p'-DDE (P less than 0.05) and p,p'-DDT (P less than 0.1) for both intubated and food-dosed treatment groups, whereas p,p'-DDD (P less than 0.05) differed only in the intubated group. We concluded that method of oral exposure affected the uptake of DDT in livers and brains for northern bobwhites.

Weitere Untersuchungen zur Belastung niedersächsischer Saatkrähen (Corvus frugilegus) mit chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen

In addition to the investigations on environmental pollutants in rookeries in 1982 and 1983, further examinations were made in 1986. Decreasing residues of σ DDT in livers of nestlings and eggs, and increasing residues of Lindan in livers of nestlings were determined. In contrast, the concentrations of Lindan in eggs diminished. As reported for 1982 and 1983, the PCBs were mainly found in industrialized areas and pesticides in rural environments.

Effects of dietary levels of protein and fat on DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) and liver lipid metabolism.

In order to examine the effect of dietary protein and fat on DDT metabolism and liver lipid concentration, rats were supplied with calory adjusted diets consisting of various amounts of protein and fat. The results suggested that dietary protein and fat changed the liver lipid concentration. They also showed that dietary protein and fat affected the residual concentration of DDT and its metabolites in the liver and adipose tissue. The change of the concentration of lipids in liver accompanied a change of the residual concentration of DDT in liver. This fact indicates that one effect of dietary protein and fat on the metabolism of DDT is attributable to the metabolic change of lipids in liver. Dietary protein accelerated the metabolism of DDT and reduced its residual concentration in liver. The results suggest that regression equations exist between the residual concentration of DDT in liver and (1) dietary factors and (2) lipid concentration in liver; In (DDT) = a x 1n (x1) + b x 1n(x2) + c x 1n(TL) + d (1) In(DDD or DDE) = a' x 1n(TL) + b' x 1n(PL) + c' (2) where x1, x2, TL, and PL are the dietary protein, dietary fat content, total lipid, and phospholipid concentration in liver, respectively. a, a', b, b', c, c', and d are constants. The concentrations of DDT and its metabolites estimated from equations (1) and (2) agrees well with the measured concentrations in liver.