DC-DC Converter In Order Research Articles

Asymmetric Multilevel DC Link inverter for Reducing THD using a Meta-Heuristic Algorithm

Multilevel inverters are essential for increasing power quality, boosting efficiency, and lowering harmonic distortion in the field of power electronics. This research presents a new method using the Pelican optimization algorithm (POA) to create pulse patterns in multilevel inverters. The work focuses on deploying a 125-level asymmetric multi-level inverter that is powered by solar panels through a Dc-Dc converter in order to address power quality difficulties. In order to get better performance in multilevel inverter systems, the Pelican optimization algorithm is used to create pulse patterns that are modeled after the hunting strategies of pelicans. The Distributed Static Synchronous Compensator, is a leading device that uses power electronic components to control power flow and improve power quality in power grids. It is one of the many specialized power devices available. The primary objective is to enhance reactive power to ensure the stability of voltage within the power system and the aim of this research is to maintain voltage stability. Using the pelican optimization algorithm, the method entails creating and deploying a DSTATCOM based on a 125-level asymmetric multi-level inverter.

Machine learning based dynamic super twisting sliding mode controller for increase speed and accuracy of MPPT using real-time data under PSCs

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are created according to the series, parallel or series-parallel connection type of PV panels. Solar panels that form the PV system can have different irradiance values at different times of the day. This condition, which is called partial shading, causes the current and voltage values produced by the panels to fluctuate. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are used to ensure that PV systems operate at maximum power under all environmental conditions. MPPT algorithms are used to optimize the duty cycle of DC-DC converters in order to transfer maximum power to the load. In this study, a two-stage structure is used for MPPT. In the first stage, a reference voltage value is generated using the gaussian process regression (GPR) machine learning algorithm. In the second stage, the duty cycle of the PWM signal required for MPPT is optimized using the super twisting sliding mode controller (STSMC). The performance of the proposed method for three different scenarios is compared with the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) from metaheuristic optimization algorithms and the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm from classical optimization algorithms using real-time data. The software used to analyze and compare the researched methods is MATLAB/Simulink R2021b. The proposed method has performed better compared to both CSA and P&O for four conducted scenarios. Additionally, it was observed that the proposed method leads to less oscillation at the MPP point compared to P&O and CSA.

THD Reduction of Improved Single Source MLI Using Upgraded Black Widow Optimization Algorithm

An upgraded Black Widow Optimization algorithm for obtaining the ideal switching angles of a reduced structure multilevel inverter is proposed in this paper with minimum voltage THD. The conventional BWO algorithm has been modified and proposed to solve the THD minimization problem with faster convergence rate, lesser tuning variables, and lesser number of equations than the other existing nature inspired algorithms. The reduced structure MLI is designed with three asymmetrical DC voltage sources of ratio 1 : 2 : 4 to generate 15-level output voltage which requires reduced number of switching devices in comparison with the existing topologies of equivalent voltage level. The asymmetrical DC voltage sources to the MLI are derived from a single DC voltage source using a multisecondary winding DC-DC converter in order to provide the isolation between the load side and source side. The proposed modified BWO algorithm reduces the complexity of solving the nonlinear equations to achieve the best result by avoiding the local optima. To verify the effectiveness of the upgraded BWO algorithm, the optimization problem for three phase fifteen level MLI has been solved using the genetic algorithm, BFO algorithm, and PSO algorithm. The results for the above three applied algorithms are compared with the upgraded BWO and presented. The proposed algorithm has minimized the output voltage THD to 1.83% at 0.88 modulation index. The developed scheme has been corroborated with the help of MATLAB simulation and the results have been verified through a hardware model developed in laboratory.

The Effect of Spread Spectrum Modulation on Power Line Communications

Interference in Power Line Communication (PLC) is examined in this paper. PLC is a wired communication technology that provides communication and data transmission over the existing electrical network. It uses the electrical wiring in buildings or the electrical grid to transmit data signals between devices, rather than using dedicated communication cables or wireless signals. Many applications employ PLC technologies, which have the benefit of leveraging existing power connections for both power and data transfer, reducing cost and complexity. These interactions may be observed in contemporary smart grids and automobile power networks, where lengthy cables, switching power supplies and communication links all work together but exacerbate Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) problems. This research examines the effects of spread spectrum methods used to reduce EMI from power converters on PLC systems. Spread Spectrum Modulation (SSM) and its three variants, Sine, Random and Sawtooth, are frequently employed to meet the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility, however, there are some repercussions that may be detrimental to the converter or the rest of the electrical network. These outcomes occur for various modulation algorithm settings and at various frequencies. Measurements are made utilising the Frame Error Rate (FER) value provided by the PLC link system to ascertain the interference produced by a Silicon Carbide (SiC)-based DC-DC converter in order to investigate these concerns and standardise an assessment approach. To examine the effect of SSM on reducing EMI in the frequency domain, the peak index of a CISPR-16 EMI receiver is used.

Comparative Model of Single-phase AC Cycloconverter for 1000Wp Photovoltaic Grid-connected 220VAC-50Hz

Currently, the Electrical Engineering Laboratory (EEL) of Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani has a 1 kWp photovoltaic (PV) system. However, in order to fulfill the overall load, the hybrid link to the grid must be improved. The PV system and the grid must be synchronized in terms of voltage, frequency, and phase. This article presents comparative simulations of AC-AC converter models of power electronics component variants using MATLAB 2019a. Among other stages is to model the DC-DC Converter in order to enhance the output voltage of the solar panel by identifying the circuit characteristics. The second stage involves simulating the MOSFET-based DC-AC Converter circuit, which is used to convert DC to AC. The use of switching Thyristor, Gate Turn-Off Thyristor (GTO), and Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) in an AC-AC phase converter to connect to the grid is examined in this range. Non-linear and linear loads are used to represent the load on the AC Cycloconverter range. Based on the results of the modeling and analysis of the PV 1 kWp system, the AC Cycloconverter in the first stage may provide a frequency of 50 Hz with a voltage drop of 235.4 V for the line and 231.9 V for the non-linear, which meets the AC Cycloconverter criterion.

Controller design for PV experimental bench with ADRC strategy supervised by Labview created interface

The converter control scheme plays an important role in the performance of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. In this work, a model has been analysed, designed and simulatedon Power Simulator software and in Matlab Simulink.A hardware implementation using a microcontroller (Arduino Mega 2560 based on ATmega2560) is provided, that operateson feedback from a PV panel voltage and current to control the operation of DCDC converter in order to draw maximum power. Newactive disturbance rejection control (ADRC) algorithm is required to extract the maximum power of the solar energy. This MPPT controller incorporates a boost topology that ensuresa two continuous battery in series (12V, 5Ah) charging in various conditions. The whole of the results shows in one hand that the converter efficiency is very satisfactory, and in the other hand a very good agreement between the results simulated and those experimental in terms of performance. The proposed system is designed in Proteus, and implemented on hardware with a graphical user interface built throughout Labview software.

FFNN BASED MPPT CONTROLLER FOR PEMFC POWERED NON-ISOLATED HIGH GAIN DC-DC CONVERTER WITH SPWM INVERTER FED BLDC MOTOR

A Non-Isolated High Gain DC-DC converter fed from 1.2kW PEMFC is designed to boost the fuel cell voltage. The Feed-forward Neural Network based MPPT controller algorithm is implemented to adjust the duty cycle of DC-DC converter in order make sure optimum power extraction from PEMFC whose result is compared with Fuzzy Logic Controller. The boosted DC voltage is inverteted to drive BLDC motor by three phase inverter. The inverter switches are triggered with switching pattern generated by SPWM technique according to the Hall sensor signals placed at stator of BLDC motor to find the position of rotor. The simulation anlysis has been carried out using MATLAB (R2017a)/Simulink platform and discussed the results.

Robust integral sliding mode controller design of a bidirectional DC charger in PV-EV charging station

The charging infrastructure is developed and extended simultaneously with the considerable growing of electric vehicle fleet. In this paper, the problem of controlling an energy storage unit used in the photovoltaic charging station for electric vehicles is considered. The purpose is to design a robust control of a bidirectional DC-DC converter in order to ensure a perfect tracking of the battery current to its reference, and an asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. For this reason, a robust integral sliding mode control is designed to regulate the current considering the output voltage of DC bus is regulated. The vehicle to grid concept is guaranteed using the bidirectional converter that interface between the energy storage unit and the EV battery. The formal analysis and simulation results are shown that the designed integral sliding mode controller was found to be robust and stable without steady-state errors, which matches all the objectives.

A Novel DC-DC Converter Based Closed Loop Control of BLDC Motor for SPV fed Water Pumping System

This Paper Presents Novel DC-DC Converter Based Closed Loop Control of BLDC Motor for SPV fed Water Pumping System Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Array fed Water pumping System Utilizing Buck-boost DC-DC Converter in order to extract the maximum available power from Solar system. Solar energy has the greatest availability compared to other energy sources. For such solar PV systems, maximum power point tracking control is preferred for efficient operation. This concept is dealing with INC method which is one of the MPPT methods. This study deals with a buck–boost converter controlled solar photovoltaic (SPV) array fed water pumping in order to achieve the maximum efficiency of an SPV array and the soft starting of a permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The current sensors normally used for speed control of BLDC motor are completely eliminated. The speed of BLDC motor is controlled through the variable DC-link voltage of a voltage-source inverter (VSI). The VSI is operated by fundamental frequency switching, avoiding the losses due to high-frequency switching, in order to enhance the efficiency of the proposed system.

MPPT Algorithms (PSO, FA, and MFA) for PV System Under Partial Shading Condition, Case Study: BTS in Algazalia, Baghdad

A photovoltaic (PV) system may be subjected to several local maximum power points(MPP) under partial shading conditions (PSC). The Classical maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, developed for uniform solar radiation on PV arrays such as P&O algorithm sometimes, are unable to discriminate between local and global maximum power points. therefore, this research under partial shading condition (PSC) is aimed for enhancing the efficiency of the PV system by using modernistic techniques such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Firefly Algorithm (FA), and Modified Firefly Algorithm (MFA). The main function of each algorithm is to find the optimal duty cycle for the DC-DC converter in order to increase the output power and efficiency. A BTS in Algazalia, Baghdad with 2.288 kW electrical load power was taken as a case study in this paper. The suggested methods are implemented using nine Photovoltaic modules and a buck-boost converter and the mentioned methods simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software package.Two cases are studied in this paper, Non-uniform irradiation and Changing irradiation along time. The results verified that the performances of PSO and FA methods in tracking the global MPP are very acceptable. Furthermore, under partial shading conditions, the MFA method has a higher tracking speed than PSO and FA methods. The ripple of MFA in steady-state conditions is lower than P&O, PSO, and FA methods. For the four different partial shading conditions that are taken in this paper, the average efficiency achieved by using PSO, FA, and MFA are 97.07%,98%, and 98.5% respectively. For MFA, the average convergence time was 1.925% faster than for FA and 5.05% faster than for PSO. These results applied in Dell laptop with Intel (R) core7i CPU and RAM 8GB.

An electrical power control system for explorer-class remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV)

The importance of an optimal method for electric power transmission is crucial for ROV operation. Meanwhile, only few studies have shown the effect of electrical power system from power supply to ROV.This paper proposes a design and implementation of electrical power system for ROV that developed by Tech_SAS team from Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia. This work aims to obtain the optimal power system to supply ROV’s electrical and electronic components. Tech_SAS ROV is developed to compete on 1st and 2nd ASEAN MATE Underwater Robotic Competition. The system has demonstrated that 48V electric voltage can be transmitted to ROV with negligible voltage drop when using 20 meter 12AWG cable. The voltage is converted to 12V using DC-DC converter in order to supply various ROV’s electronic devices ROV safely and efficiently. Meanwhile, the microcontroller was used to as thrust control to manage current flow to DC motor. The system has been evaluated and demonstrates optimal results and provides a design consideration about ROV’s power system especially on tether cable and power distribution scheme.

Topologies and Control Schemes of Bidirectional DC–DC Power Converters: An Overview

Bidirectional DC-DC power converters are increasingly employed in diverse applications whereby power flow in both forward and reverse directions are required. These include but not limited to energy storage systems, uninterruptable power supplies, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems, to name a few. This paper aims to review these converters from the point of view of topology as well as control schemes. From the point of view of topology, these converters are divided into two main categories, namely non-isolated and isolated configurations. Each category is divided into eight groups along with their respective schematics and a table of summary. Furthermore, the common control schemes and switching strategies for these converters are also reviewed. Some of the control schemes are typically applied to all DC-DC power converters such as PID, sliding mode, fuzzy, model predictive, digital control, etc. In this context, it should be noted that some switching strategies were designed specifically for isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters in order to improve their performance such as single phase shift, dual phase shift, triple phase shift, etc. The features of each topology and control scheme along with their typical applications are discussed, in order to provide a ground of comparison for realizing new configurations or finding the appropriate converter for the specific application.

Power-electronic-interface topology for MEMS energy harvesting with multiple transducers

Based on circuit simulations, this paper investigates a concept for a power electronic interface circuit for MEMS electrostatic energy harvesters. Two ordinary overlap-varying transducers are first electrically configured as a symmetric voltage doublers which enables the device to self-start from an initially low bias. The harvesting system is then reconfigured to couple with a buck-boost DC-DC converter in order to maximize the power delivered to an electronic load. The losses of electronic components due to diode voltage drop and parasitic resistance of inductors are taken into account for a feasibility investigation. Dependence of the maximum output power on inductance and switching frequency is explored.

Solar fed DC-DC single ended primary inductance converter for low power applications

This paper presents 34 to 36 volts. SEPIC converter for solar fed applications. Now days, there has been tremendous increase in the usage of solar energy and this solar energy is most valuable energy source available all around the world. The solar energy system require a Dc-Dc converter in order to modulate and govern the changing output of the panel. In this paper, a system comprising of Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter [SEPIC] integrated with solar panel is proposed. This paper proposes SEPIC power converter design that will secure high performance and cost efficiency while powering up a LAMP load. This power converter designed with low output ripple voltage, higher efficiency and less electrical pressure on the power switching elements. The simulation and prototype hardware results are presented in this paper.

Modeling and analysis of fractional order DC-DC converter

Due to the non-idealities of commercial inductors, the demand for a better model that accurately describe their dynamic response is elevated. So, the fractional order models of Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost DC-DC converters are presented in this paper. The detailed analysis is made for the two most common modes of converter operation: Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM). Closed form time domain expressions are derived for inductor currents, voltage gain, average current, conduction time and power efficiency where the effect of the fractional order inductor is found to be strongly present. For example, the peak inductor current at steady state increases with decreasing the inductor order. Advanced Design Systems (ADS) circuit simulations are used to verify the derived formulas, where the fractional order inductor is simulated using Valsa Constant Phase Element (CPE) approximation and Generalized Impedance Converter (GIC). Different simulation results are introduced with good matching to the theoretical formulas for the three DC-DC converter topologies under different fractional orders. A comprehensive comparison with the recently published literature is presented to show the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.

A Method to Obtain Complex Transfer Functions of Four Order DC-DC Converters

A Method to Obtain Complex Transfer Functions of Four Order DC-DC Converters

DC-DC SEPIC CONVERTER TOPOLOGIES

This paper presents different kind of SEPIC converter Topologies. Those are conventional SEPIC converter, multi resonant SEPIC converter and new resonant SEPIC converter. It is a type of dc-dc converters. It can deliver the output voltage that is less than or larger than the input voltage. It is a fourth order dc-dc converter. Basic operating principle of SEPIC converter is ZVS. MOSFET is used as the switch because of low voltage drop. Conventional SEPIC has two bulk inductors. Multi resonant SEPIC converter needs a resonant capacitor and resonant inductor. The bulk inductor reduces the response speed. The new resonant SEPIC converter has small size, excellent transient performance and higher efficiency. Efficient power conversion can be achieved by switched mode RF inverters like class E inverter. The new resonant SEPIC converter is a dc-dc converter with high frequency and efficiency. New resonant SEPIC converter operating at fixed frequency and duty ratio. It reduces the component count and eliminates the need of bulk inductor. The new resonant SEPIC converter is operating at switching frequency of 20 KHz and converter is simulated by using MAT LAB/SIMULINK for 3.6V input supply.

Modified Incremental Conductance Algorithm for Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Conditions and Load Variation

Under partial shading conditions, multiple peaks are observed in the power-voltage (P- V) characteristic curve of a photovoltaic (PV) array, and the conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms may fail to track the global maximum power point (GMPP). Therefore, this paper proposes a modified incremental conductance (Inc Cond) algorithm that is able to track the GMPP under partial shading conditions and load variation. A novel algorithm is introduced to modulate the duty cycle of the dc-dc converter in order to ensure fast MPPT process. Simulation and hardware implementation are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm under partial shading and load variation. The results show that the proposed algorithm is able to track the GMPP accurately under different types of partial shading conditions, and the response during variation of load and solar irradiation are faster than the conventional Inc Cond algorithm. Hence, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm under partial shading condition and load variation is validated in this paper.

Backstepping Controller Design to Track Maximum Power in Photovoltaic Systems

This work presents a new control method to track the maximum power point of a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. A backstepping controller is designed to be applied to a buck-boost DC-DC converter in order to achieve an optimal PV array output voltage. This nonlinear control is based on Lyapunov functions assuring the local stability of the system. Control reference voltages are initially estimated by a regression plane, avoiding local maximum and adjusted with a modified perturb and observe method (P&O). Thus, the maximum power extraction of the generating system is guaranteed. Finally, a DC-AC converter is controlled to supply AC current in the point of common coupling (PCC) of the electrical network. The performance of the developed system has been analyzed by means a simulation platform in Matlab/Simulink helped by SymPowerSystem Blockset. Results testify the validity of the designed control method.

DYNAMIC MODEL OF ZETA CONVERTER WITH FULL-STATE FEEDBACK CONTROLLER IMPLEMENTATION

Zeta converter is a fourth order dc-dc converter th at can increases (step-up) or decreases (step-down) the input voltage. By considering dynamic model of the converter, the acc uracy of the converter’s modeling and simulation ar e increased thus make it easier to produce the hardware version of the conve rter. State-space approach is a time-domain method for modeling, analyzing, and designing a wide range of systems which can be desc ribed by differential equations or difference equat ions. This gives great advantages because it particularly suited for digit al computer implementation for their time-domain ap proach and vector-matrix description. The converter needs feedback control t o regulate its output voltage. This paper presents the dynamic model of zeta converter. The converter is modeled using state-spa ce averaging (SSA) technique. Full-state feedback c ontroller is implemented on the converter to regulate the output voltage. The sresults are presented to verify the accur acy of the modeling and the steady-state performance subjected to input and loa d disturbances. Index Terms: Modeling, Zeta converter, SSA technique, Full-stat e feedback controller