Boost DC-DC Converter Research Articles

An Ultra High Gain Switched-Capacitor Boost DC-DC converter with Reduced Ripple Current

An Ultra High Gain Switched-Capacitor Boost DC-DC converter with Reduced Ripple Current

Performance evaluation of fuel cell based on a DC-DC boost converter through optimized MPPT controller

The current electric vehicle domain is increasingly focused on fuel cell technologies due to its flexibility, steady supply of power, low atmospheric pollution, increased startups, and rapid responses. Fuel cells exhibit nonlinear power versus current characteristics, making it challenging to extract maximum peak power from the fuel stack. To address this, this work introduces an adaptive Coati Optimization algorithm combined with a Tilt-integral-derivative (TID) controller (TID-ACOA) to find the maximum power point (MPP) of the fuel stack systems, ensuring maximum power extraction. The proposed MPPT controller is compared with other MPPT controller, including PI, TID, and TID-COA. Comprehensive evaluations are conducted on tracking current, voltage, maximum power extraction, MPPT controller efficiency, converter voltage settling time, and oscillations. The fuel stack’s low output voltages are enhanced using a boost DC-DC converter, and the entire fuel stack-fed boost converter systems is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation result show that the TID-ACOA MPPT controller achieves higher MPP tracking efficiency compared to conventional controllers.

Investigating the Impact of Discretization Techniques on Real-Time Digital Control of DC-DC Boost Converters: A Comprehensive Analysis

This paper provides a thorough comparative analysis of discretization techniques commonly utilized in digital control applications for DC-DC boost converters (DBCs). Given the crucial role of DC-DC converters in various industries such as renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and portable electronic devices, it is imperative to optimize their performance through efficient digital control. This study aims to improve the understanding of the effects of discretization methods on control system behaviour. It investigates their impact on the performance, stability and accuracy of control algorithms in the context of DBC, using dSPACE real-time interface (RTI) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation for validation. This approach replicates real-world conditions, allowing performance to be evaluated in a controlled environment. The analysis examines behaviour in the time and frequency domains, providing insight into the strengths and weaknesses of each method. Experimental validation using MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow on dSPACE RTI 1007 processor, DS2004 high-speed A/D and CP4002 timing and digital I/O boards ensures that the comparative analysis provides practical benefits for DBC digital control applications.

Dual Second Order Generalized Integrator – Phase Locked Loop technique applied to a distorted grid-connected solar energy based on a Z-Source Inverter

In this paper, a Dual Second Order Generalized Integrator_Phase Locked Loop (DSOGI_PLL) technique applied to the Photovoltaic (PV) system supplying a Z-Source five-level Inverter (ZSI) is presented. The ZSI assures the increasing voltage of the PV system and provides the desired output DC at the input of the five-level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter (5L_NPCI), without any control which reduces the complexity of the overall system, this is due to the impedance network in its structure. We use Z-Source in order to eliminate the controlled DC bus as well as the use of the DC-DC Boost converter as an intermediary. A DSOGI technique is employed to control and optimize the energy quality, especially in distorted grid conditions and allows one to obtain a very low value of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) which means lower peak currents, and higher efficiency. Low THD is an essential feature in power systems that international standards such as IEC 61000-3-2, and IEEE-519 set limits on the harmonic currents of various classes of power equipment connected to a distorted three-phase grid. Compared to the classic structure of inverters, the NPC five-level inverter presents a very high performance.

Solar-Hydrogen system of additional power supply and digital control system for on-board power supply system

Even for short space flights, such as manned flights to the Moon back in the 60s, it became extremely obvious that electric batteries are completely unsuitable because of their huge mass needed to store the required supply of onboard energy. Therefore, already in the 60s of the last century, the USA and the USSR took the path of using a hydrogen storage system using hydrogen fuel cells.Solar-hydrogen energy systems for spacecraft reliably provide energy for carrying out various kinds of unscheduled work on board and for eliminating emergency situations. Surplus energy is constantly accumulated on board in the form of the chemical energy of cryogenic hydrogen. The article presents too the result of the development of a solar-hydrogen power supply system for spacecraft, the onboard network of which provides slow and fast processes. This paper delves into designing digital control systems for power conditioning devices on the example of charging-discharging device based on a boost DC-DC converter. The device was implemented to condition a storage battery by properly charging and discharging it. A technique for constructing a small signal model of the converter has been developed. This involves constructing a block diagram using the discontinuous switching functions and analog models of electrical circuit components. The transfer functions of the analog controllers for the two-loop subordinate control system were derived. Then the procedure of a bilinear z-transform to the given transfer functions was applied. As a result, the discrete transfer functions of the digital controllers were obtained. Realization both analog and digital controllers in Matlab Simulink confirmed their identical behavior and stability within the power converter. Experimental studies of the static and dynamic waveforms of the digital control system showed controllability and stability of the charging-discharging device for the storage battery in typical operating modes. Thus, the method of synthesizing digital control systems for energy converters is proved valid and applicable for designing new power conditioning devices within modern power supplies.

An Enhanced Voltage Gain Techniques in Quadratic Boost Converters - A Systematic Review

High voltage gain non-isolated boost DC-DC converters are widely employed in applications such as hybrid electric vehicles, aircraft power supplies, photovoltaic (PV) systems and fuel cells (FC) applications. The use of conventional boost converters in high-gain applications is affected by their practical limitation on their voltage gain. Several boost converter topologies based on different voltage lift techniques have been studied and reported; them is quadratic boost converter (QBC). These converters have recently emerged as an interesting topology because of the quadratic nature of their voltage gain, simple among structure and simple control scheme. Recently modified topologies of QBC employing different voltage lift techniques aimed at further enhancing their performance are reported. This paper is aimed at presenting a review on the advances in quadratic boost converters topologies. In this article, QBC are categorized into five groups: magnetically coupled based on coupled-inductor (CI), switch-inductor (SI), switch-inductor switch-capacitor (SC-SI), switch-capacitor (SC), and soft-switching QBC. Furthermore, the paper makes a comprehensive comparison of various QBC in terms of voltage conversion ratio, total component count, input current ripples and voltage stress across switching devices.

Low-Cost Platform Implementation of Discrete Controllers for DC-DC Boost Converter

In recent years, various solutions have been developed to control power electronic converters using devices available on the market that are powerful and easy to use. These solutions, in most cases, offer high performance. However, these have high implementation costs because the required devices are expensive. For this reason, this document presents the implementation of two discrete-time controllers widely used in the literature for a boost converter implemented on a low-cost platform. The objective is to obtain a constant voltage at the converter’s output for photovoltaic system applications. The proportional-integral control is implemented as the first case, and the second case is a sliding mode control. In addition, a prior analysis is presented through simulation. Both control algorithms are implemented on the TMS320F28379D microcontroller from Texas Instruments through the same manufacturer’s integrated development software based on an optimized C/C++ language compiler. The results of the non-linear algorithm reveal better performance in reducing the time response, the overshoot of the transient state, and the steady-state error. Finally, the significant economic savings associated with the implementation costs of the controllers tested on a low-cost platform differentiate this work from other similar ones.

State Space Average Modeling, Small Signal Analysis, and Control Implementation of an Efficient Single-Switch High-Gain Multicell Boost DC-DC Converter with Low Voltage Stress

This paper presents the closed-loop control of a single-switch high-gain multicell boost DC-DC converter working in a continuous conduction mode (CCM). This converter is particularly designed for applications in photovoltaic systems. One of the main advantages of the proposed converter is that it only employs one active semiconductor switch, which decreases the converter losses and cost, increases the efficiency, and simplifies the control circuit. Moreover, the multicell nature of the proposed converter offers the possibility of obtaining the required voltage gain by selecting the number of cells. State space average (SSA) modeling and small-signal analysis are used to model the switching converter power stages of the proposed converter. The parasitic series resistances of the passive elements of the converter circuit are considered to improve the accuracy of the modeling. Small-signal analysis is used to derive the open-loop transfer functions, input-to-output and control-to-output transfer functions of the proposed converter to examine its dynamic performance. The stability of the converter is analyzed to design the parameters of the voltage controller using the proposed modeling method. The experimental prototype of the proposed single-switch two-cell boost DC-DC converter was implemented. The simulation and experimental results proved the effectiveness of the proposed boost DC-DC converter under different working conditions. It has a fast dynamic response without overshoots. A comprehensive comparison between the proposed converter and previous boost converters is provided. It guarantees a required variable and constant high voltage gain with a wider duty ratio range. It compromises between the required performance, the low number of components, low voltage stress on the components, and cost-effectiveness. The experimental efficiency of the proposed converter is about 96% at a 100 W load.

A Novel DC-DC Boost Converter with Coupled Inductors for High Gain and Smooth Switching

A Novel DC-DC Boost Converter with Coupled Inductors for High Gain and Smooth Switching

Dual input single Output quadratic Boost converter for DC microgrid

DC-DC converters play a critical role in various applications, including DC microgrids, electrical vehicles, data centres and aerospace power systems. This article provides a description of a non-isolated Dual Input Single Output Quadratic Boost DC-DC Converter (DISOQBC) designed for DC microgrids. PV module and battery are low dc voltage power generators. DC microgrid requires high voltage for its operation effectively. By utilizing the proposed converter, the PV module and battery are integrated with separate sources. Achieving a high efficiency and voltage conversion ratio, the proposed converter is distinguished by low components used. The operation of the converter, component design, steady state analysis, and small-signal model has been reported. The proposed converter's benefits include the converter's ability to handle more than one source, deliver more gain than the conventional converter, simple control and reduced losses. The outcome of simulating the converter validates the proposed converter's theoretical operation. The laboratory prototype is ultimately employed to validate and verify the performance of the proposed DISOQBC.

Boost DC-DC converter with regenerative snubber

To accommodate the wide range of input voltages supplied by redundant batteries and ensure an adequate hold-up time for communication systems during utility power failures, power supplies used in 5 G base stations typically include a front-end boost converter as the first stage and a second-stage isolated converter. In this paper, a new topology for a regenerative snubber in boost converters is proposed. Compared to traditional active or passive snubber topologies, the proposed snubber offers the advantages of having fewer components and occupying less space. Moreover, it does not require additional active devices and can be driven by widely-used commercial PWM control integrated circuits, achieving a higher level of cost-effectiveness and offering increased industrial applications. The final prototype of a power supply for a networking switch hub (as used in 5 G base stations) is fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

Impact of Stress and Material Porosity on Double Boost DC-DC Converter Technology to Enhance Field-Effect Heterotransistors and Heterodiodes Density

Currently, several critical issues in solid-state electronics, such as improving the performance, reliability and density of integrated circuits elements like diodes, field-effect transistors, and bipolar transistors are being intensively addressed. One effective approach to reduce the dimensions of integrated circuits elements is to manufacture them in thin film heterostructures with an optimal manufacturing regime. In this paper, we explore methods to increase the density of field-effect heterotransistors and heterodiodes in the framework of a double boost DC-DC converter. We consider manufacturing this converter in a heterostructure with a specific configuration, where several required areas of the heterostructure should be doped by diffusion or ion implantation. Subsequently, the dopant and radiation defects should be annealed using an optimized scheme. Based on this approach, we provide recommendations for determining the optimal annealing time to achieve the best compromise between increasing density of integrated circuits elements and minimizing local overheating during their operation. We also propose a method to reduce the mismatch-induced stress in the heterostructure. We present an analytical approach to analyze mass and heat transport in heterostructures during the manufacturing of integrated circuits, accounting for mismatch-induced stress. This approach allows for the consideration of spatial and temporal variations in the parameters of technological processes, as well as their nonlinearity.

Review of DC-DC boost converter derived topologies for renewable energy applications

This paper deals with three different power converter topologies for boosting the available dc input voltage. The converters considered for the study are conventional DC-DC boost converter, quasi switched boost DC-DC converter (qSBC) and quasi Z source converter (qZSC). The converters are designed for an input voltage of 24 V to deliver a power of 200 W to a resistive load. The steady-state analysis of all three topologies is discussed to determine the key characteristics of the proposed topologies. All the converters are simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment and the outcomes are explained in detail. The performance comparison of the converters such as switch stress, diode stress and boost factor versus duty ratio are presented. Thus, this comparison helps to choose a suitable boost converter topology for a specific application.

A new single switch universal supply voltage DC-DC converter for PV systems with MGWM-AFLC MPPT controller.

The present power generation government companies focus on Renewable Power Sources (RPS) because their features are zero carbon footprint, unlimited power source, fewer greenhouse pollutants, fewer output wastages, plus creatinga very healthy atmosphere. In this work, the sunlight source is utilized for the Photovoltaic (PV) standalone network. The merits of sunlight sources are very optimal human resources needed, unlimited natural sources, plus easy operation. However, the solar power resource is nonlinear fashion. As a result, the operating point of the sunlight network fluctuates concerning sunlight intensity. So, in this article, the Modified Grey Wolf Methodology with Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller (MGWM-AFLC) is introduced to maintain the operating point of the sunlight system at the global power point position of the PV array. This controller traces the MPP with very low fluctuations in the PV-produced voltage. The advantages of this proposed method arefewer sensing devices required, less difficulty in development, more useful for rapid changes inthe sunlight temperatures, simpler to realize operation, greater economic growth, plus highly useful for household applications. The sunlight set-up generation voltage is lowwhich is improved by introducing the new Wide Power Rating High Voltage DC-DC Boost Converter (WPRHVBC). The features of this WPRHV converter are low voltage strain on semiconductor devices, few passive elements are enough to develop the circuit, plus easy understanding.

Spacecraft Medium Voltage Direct-Current (MVDC) Power and Propulsion System

This paper introduces a medium voltage direct-current (MVDC) system for large spacecraft megawatt-scale (MW) power and propulsion systems intended for interplanetary transport, including missions to the Moon and Mars. The proposed MVDC system includes: (i) A nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) that powers a permanent magnet (PM) generator whose output is rectified and connected to the MVDC bus. (ii) A solar photovoltaic (PV) source that is interfaced to the MVDC bus using a unidirectional boost DC-DC converter. (iii) A backup battery energy storage system (BESS) that connects to the MVDC bus using a bidirectional DC-DC boost converter. (iv) A dual active bridge (DAB) converter that controls the power to the spacecraft’s electric thruster. The NEP serves as the main power source for the spacecraft’s electric thruster, while the solar PV and BESS are intended to provide power for the payload and spacecraft’s low-voltage power system. The paper will (i) provide a review of the spacecraft MVDC power and prolusion system highlighting state-of-the-art main components, (ii) address the control of boost converters for the PV and BESS sources and the DAB converter for the thruster, and (iii) propose an uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) concept based on current control algorithms to mitigate MVDC instability due to unpredictable factors and external disruptions. The proposed UDE can actively estimate and compensate for the system disturbance and uncertainty in real time, and thus, both the system tracking performance and robustness can be improved. Simulation studies have been conducted to substantiate the efficacy of the proposed schemes.

An Improved High Gain Continuous Input Current Quadratic Boost Converter for Next–Generation Sustainable Energy Application

With the rapid transformation from fossil fuel-based energy systems to renewable-based energy systems the application of a high gain boost DC-DC converter is becoming the main attraction due to its wide range of numerous applications. This specific study presents an improved high gain non isolated quadratic boost DC-DC converter (QBC) with voltage gain three times of the quadratic boost converter. The proposed non-isolated category topology is the modified version of the quadratic boost converter where the 2nd inductor of the QBC is replaced by a voltage multiplier cell (VMC) and a switch capacitor network is integrated with the VMC to increase the voltage gain as well as to reduce the switch’s voltage stress. Moreover, the continuous input current and common ground feature of this proposed circuit configuration have shaped its potential application by making it advantageous over other non-isolated based high gain boost converters. To support its feasibility a rated power of 150 W prototype is developed after validating the results by Plecs software. The voltage gain offered by this proposed circuit configuration is justified by experimental results and the software simulation. A comprehensive analysis and components design is also formulated and documented in this study.

A Study of High Gain DC-DC Boost Converters for Renewable Energy Sources

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the various topologies of DC-DC boost converters which are designed for optimal integration with RES like photovoltaic (PV) systems. Photovoltaic applications demand efficient energy harvesting and management to maximize the conversion of solar energy into electrical power. The DC-DC topologies include switched coupled inductor, basic coupled inductor, coupled capacitor with coupled inductor with a snubber circuit, active clamp, high step-up and three-winding dual switches are considered for study. Each topology is analyzed in terms of its suitability for PV applications, considering factors such as efficiency, voltage gain, and reliability. The basic coupled inductor topology is explored as a reference point, providing a foundation for understanding the subsequent advanced configurations. This work explores and compares several prominent boost converter configurations, incorporating advanced techniques to enhance overall performance and efficiency for RES applications.

TWO STAGE THREE PHASE GRID CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

The new age of electricity generation is renewable energy. There is no other room, but to use renewable resources in energy generation to make the planet safer, and sustainable for the future. Renewable resources come in a variety of ways, but solar energy is by far the most practical. These days, solar panels are widely used due to their ease of use, accessibility, and efficiency in producing power. This Project mainly represents the simulation of compact design of a grid-tied solar system for energy production. Several fundamental characteristics, including temperature, irradiance, voltage, and current, affect the efficiency of a solar panel. Hence sudden change in any of these parameters leads drop in power and voltage. The precept aim is to improve the output voltage of PV array and boost converter there by reducing the harmonic content in grid current. The main points discussed here are the MPP tracking algorithm, the synchronization of the inverter and the connection to the grid. Tracking the dc voltage and current allows MPP calculation which gives the inverter to function efficiently. Key Words:- Grid Connected PV Systems, DC-DC Boost Converter, Inverter, Harmonic Filter, MPPT and Phase Locked Loop(PLL).

A Novel Design and Analysis Adaptive Hybrid ANFIS MPPT Controller for PEMFC-Fed EV Systems

Now, the present electric vehicle industry is focusing on the fuel cell technology because its features are high flexibility, continuous power supply, less atmospheric pollution, fast startup, and rapid response. However, the fuel cell gives nonlinear power versus current characteristics. Due to this nonlinear behavior, the maximum power extraction from the fuel stack is quite difficult. So, in this work, an adaptive genetic algorithm with an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ACS with ANFIS) MPPT controller is introduced for finding the MPP of the fuel stack system thereby extracting the peak power from the fuel stack. The proposed hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is compared with the other MPPT controllers which are enhanced incremental conductance-fuzzy logic controller (EIC with FLC), improved hill climb with fuzzy logic controller (IHC with FLC), adaptive beta with FLC, enhanced differential evolutionary with FLC (EDE with FLC), and marine predators optimization with FLC (MPO with FLC). Here, these hybrid controllers’ comprehensive investigations have been carried out in terms of tracking speed of the MPP, oscillations across the MPP, settling time of the converter voltage, maximum power extraction from the fuel stack, and working efficiency of the MPPT controller. The fuel stack generates a very low output voltage which is improved by using the boost DC-DC converter, and the overall fuel stack-fed boost converter system is designed by utilizing the MATLAB/Simulink tool. From the simulation results, the AGA with ANFIS MPPT controller gives high MPP tracking efficiency when compared to the other hybrid controller.

Designing robust hybrid controllers for enhancing output voltage regulation in CPL feed boost converters through backstepping and nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode approaches

This paper presents a novel and robust hybrid controller that combines the backstepping controller with the nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode controller (NFTSMC) for DC-DC boost converters (DDBCs) operating alongside constant power loads (CPLs). The primary aim of the controller is to enhance the stability of the DC-bus voltage while consistently delivering power to the CPL. To achieve this objective, the exact feedback linearization approach is applied to transform the nonlinear dynamical model of the DDBC into Brunovsky’s canonical forms. The incorporation of matched uncertainties into the dynamical model illustrates the robustness of the proposed control approach. The hybrid controller is formulated based on this model, leveraging Lyapunov stability theory to ensure large signal stability under the designated control law. Significantly, the NFTSMC effectively addresses the singularity problem associated with sliding mode controllers (SMCs). The effectiveness and resilience of the proposed controller are validated under variations in input voltage, reference voltage, and power demand. Comparative analysis is conducted by contrasting simulation results with those obtained using conventional SMC (CSMC) and a typical PI controller (PIC). The results unequivocally highlight the superiority of the proposed controller in terms of ensuring system stability and providing a rapid response across various operating modes. Furthermore, to authenticate the practical applicability of the proposed controller, processor-in-loop (PIL) validation is employed, confirming its effectiveness in real-world scenarios.