Daytona Beach Research Articles

Preliminary results of scintillation monitoring at KLEF-Guntur low latitude station using GNSS software defined radio

Abstract Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become an integral part of modern life, supporting various applications, from precise positioning and navigation to timing and synchronization. However, GNSS signals are vulnerable to natural interferences including various atmospheric disturbances, with ionospheric scintillations being a significant challenge. Ionospheric scintillations, caused by irregularities in the Earth’s ionosphere, introduce rapid fluctuations in the amplitude and phase of GNSS signals. These fluctuations can severely degrade the accuracy and reliability of GNSS receivers, leading to positioning errors and navigation failures. Hence, it is crucial to develop effective mitigation strategies. One of the promising approaches to mitigate ionospheric scintillations is the utilization of Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology in GNSS receivers. SDR allows for real-time adaptation to changing signal conditions, enabling the receiver to detect scintillations and adjust its signal processing accordingly. This adaptability enhances the receiver’s stability against ionospheric disturbances, ensuring more robust and accurate positioning and navigation. In this paper, preliminary results of GNSS SDR (Make: iP-Solutions, Japan) installed at Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram (Guntur) (16.44° N, 80.62° E) are presented. Amplitude scintillation index (S4) variations for different PRNs and subsequent positioning results are interpreted from April to September 2023. The results are compared and validated with those of the co-located Novatel GNSS receiver and NAVIC receiver. Most of the S4 variations correlate well with the S4 values from the Novatel and NAVIC receivers. S4 observations from the Septentrio receiver at Daytona Beach (Florida) are also presented. The results of SDR will be extended further for the development of scintillation mitigation algorithms. We plan to install an SDR and employ similar mitigation strategy at this location in the near future.

Applying UAS Technologies at Night during a Wildlife Hazard Assessment

Airports operating under the Code of Federal Regulations Part 139 should conduct a wildlife hazard assessment (WHA) when some wildlife-strike events have occurred at or near the airport. The WHA must be conducted by a Qualified Airport Wildlife Biologist (QAWB). The required elements in a WHA include the identification of the wildlife species observed and their numbers and the location of features on and near the airport that could attract wildlife. The collection of data pertaining to mammal populations during a WHA is generally time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. Protocols to collect this data include trapping and marking animals and systematic surveys using a spotlight and/or night vision equipment. The purpose of this study was to investigate how UAS technologies could be effectively applied to streamline the QAWB efforts during a WHA at night. Researchers, including students, used a DJI Mavic 2 Enterprise Dual with visual and thermal cameras and a spotlight, as well as a Matrice 210 with a Zenmuse XT2 thermal camera to collect data. Data were collected in a farmland area located two nautical miles south of Daytona Beach International Airport. We applied multiple strategies to mitigate the risks associated with drone operations in an airport environment. The safe application of UAS to streamline the WHA process is anticipated to provide several benefits to the airport operator, including task completion in reduced time, enhanced level of accuracy during the data collection process, reduced risks for the QAWB, and cost efficiencies. Most importantly, researchers expect to develop benchmark safety protocols that can facilitate the effective integration of UAS into the airport environment.

Surfing the South: The Search for Waves and the People Who Ride Them by Steve Estes

Reviewed by: Surfing the South: The Search for Waves and the People Who Ride Them by Steve Estes Thomas Blake Earle Surfing the South: The Search for Waves and the People Who Ride Them. By Steve Estes. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2022. Pp. [xii], 201. Paper, $19.00, ISBN 978-1-4696-6777-5.) Combining history, travelog, and memoir, Steve Estes’s Surfing the South: The Search for Waves and the People Who Ride Them follows the odyssey of Estes and his daughter, Zinnia, as they hunt for surf in an unlikely place: the American South. Stretching from Brownsville to the Chesapeake, the southern coast is hardly known for its waves. The region’s choppy surf is a far cry from the breaks of Waikiki and Malibu that fostered the development of modern surfing. But as Estes shows, the South has incubated a surf culture all its own, one that “reflect[s] many of the major trends that shaped the region and nation since World War II: Cold War militarization, civil rights, the counterculture, the women’s movement, environmentalism, and coastal development” (p. 3). Estes takes an unconventional approach to his subject. In contrast with the staid prose that characterizes much academic writing, Estes weaves together a familiar, and at times humorous, style with the insights and erudition of a professional historian. Surfing the South follows Estes and his daughter as they road-trip along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts, leapfrogging from (unheralded) surf breaks in Grand Isle and Pensacola to (unheralded) surf breaks in Daytona Beach and the Outer Banks. Estes is as comfortable musing on the ups and downs of the trip—riding secondhand surfboards, staying in ratty motels, and navigating the father-daughter relationship during the preteen years—as he is analyzing the major currents of twentieth-century southern history that have shaped how surfing has developed in the region. Apart from Estes and his daughter, the other characters who populate this search for the stoke are dozens of southern surfers. At every stop along the way Estes connects with locals intimately familiar with the surf scene. As Estes observes, “anywhere with waves can produce wild surf and even wilder surfers” (p. 3). Through his southern surfari, Estes introduces the reader to characters like a born-again board-rider in Galveston, a Vietnam veteran who found waves to surf wherever Uncle Sam sent him, and a Black surfer in Charleston who rides the waves along a once-segregated beach. These interactions have [End Page 401] produced an invaluable source base that not only provides the foundation for Surfing the South but also is available for future research. Estes conducted more than forty interviews that are now preserved as part of the University of North Carolina’s Southern Oral History Program. Speaking of sources, some readers may be left wanting. The text is free of citations. “Writing without footnotes,” Estes tells us, “felt like performing acrobatics without a net or surfing without a leash” (p. 191). However, if the absence of citations is a trade-off for Estes’s more engaging style, that is a deal this reviewer is more than happy to make. While wave riding may seem far removed from the major currents of southern history, surfing proves to be a valuable opening through which readers can see the South’s modern past. Readers can also see that the region has ties to the maritime world that go beyond cotton shipping, commercial fishing, and oil drilling. In bringing together surfing and the South, Estes has been careful to avoid the kinds of caricaturing that have often been deployed when discussing surfers and southerners alike, identities that Estes himself shares. “I sought a balance,” Estes professes, “between the inherent sympathies of a native southerner and the crucial objectivity of a California outsider. I realized that I was both part of the ‘we’ and the ‘y’all’ of the story” (p. 4). Estes has given historians of surfing and of the South, not to mention historians who are surfers or southerners, a valuable gift. Thomas Blake Earle Texas A&M University at Galveston Copyright © 2023 Southern Historical Association

Hosea Williams: A Lifetime of Defiance and Protest by Rolundus R. Rice

Reviewed by: Hosea Williams: A Lifetime of Defiance and Protest by Rolundus R. Rice Anthony Siracusa Hosea Williams: A Lifetime of Defiance and Protest. By Rolundus R. Rice. (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2021. Pp. xviii, 394. Paper, $29.99, ISBN 978-1-64336-257-1; cloth, $89.99, ISBN 978-1-64336-256-4.) In his biography of Hosea Williams, Rolundus R. Rice documents the man Martin Luther King Jr. relied on as a field organizer in key campaigns throughout the 1960s. Rice’s telling is largely a favorable one, arguing that Williams’s “campaigns helped to create and maintain pressure on the White House, Congress, and the federal courts, and [that] the resulting legislation and court rulings did more to topple the barriers of Jim Crow in a relatively brief period than anything in the century since emancipation and Reconstruction” (pp. 3–4). But Rice rightly balances this description of Williams by calling him a “a con man with convictions,” noting that Williams described himself as neither a conservative nor a liberal but an “opportunist” (p. 297). Chapters 1 and 2 focus on Williams’s early life and career, while the third chapter recounts his leadership in the Savannah freedom movement of the early 1960s. It was in Savannah that Williams introduced the “night marches,” a mass mobilization tactic designed to place additional pressure on local white power structures (p. 71). Williams’s work in Savannah put him on the radar of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and chapters 4–7 focus on his work with King’s organization. This section of the book is built around an analysis of Williams’s leadership of the 1964 campaign in Selma, Alabama. Notably, King told Williams to call off the famous “Bloody Sunday” march across the Edmund Pettus Bridge, but Williams and his colleague John Lewis went ahead with the plan after fellow SCLC staffer James Bevel deceived them into thinking that King had changed his mind. The book breaks new ground in covering Williams’s work after King’s death in 1968, most notably Williams’s role in the Poor People’s Campaign, which took him to Charleston, South Carolina, Daytona Beach, Florida, and Columbus, Georgia. Williams criticized King’s widow, Coretta Scott King, for “prostituting” her husband’s legacy by fund-raising for the King Center in Atlanta in the years after his death (p. 238). But this tension between Coretta Scott King and Williams is not sufficiently explored in the book, with Rice instead opting to let Williams’s words tell the story. This approach reveals a larger problem, as Rice does little to explain how sex and gender influenced the movement, Williams, or male senior SCLC staff members. [End Page 187] Numerous scholars of the movement have chronicled Ella Baker’s discontent and resignation from the SCLC after serving as co-founder and president, as well as the fact that King kept his family in near poverty throughout his public life. His choice to split the more than $54,000 he received for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 among civil rights groups, and other similar choices, inflicted real hardship on his wife and children—challenges that became acute when King was murdered in Memphis. Such context would have been helpful in presenting Williams’s demeaning comments about King’s widow, and the absence of a deeper analysis of sex and gender dynamics in the book—just like the absence of women in positions of leadership at the SCLC—is notable. The last portion of the book is dedicated to Williams’s life as an elected official. In 1974, Williams was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives, where he served ten years before leaving that office and running—successfully—for chair of the Atlanta city council in 1985. Williams then won a DeKalb County commission seat in 1990 before retiring from politics in 1994, a fitting end to a career defined by a passion for political education and voter mobilization. At 325 pages, the book is detailed in its treatment of a figure central to the heroic era of the civil rights movement, and it is helpful as a resource for understanding the...

Bravo Segrave!

Abstract On March 29, 1927, Sir Henry Segrave hurtled down Florida's Daytona Beach to establish a new world land speed record of 203 mph. Two years later, Segrave returned to Daytona Beach to reclaim the land speed record for England, driving at over 231 mph. His achievements were hailed in every leading newspaper in England and the United States. This article interrogates the cultural significance of Segrave's feats and argues that Segrave personified an era intoxicated with the allure of speed and infatuated with the power of the machine. Segrave also straddled the cultural divide between the values and virtues of the Victorian era and the emergence of the new technologically sophisticated modern world. Even more significantly, Segrave stood astride a tectonic shift in the place and role of England in the postwar world.

The Heat Is On: Observations and Trends of Heat Stress Metrics during Florida Summers

Abstract Extreme heat is annually the deadliest weather hazard in the United States and is strongly amplified by climate change. In Florida, summer heat waves have increased in frequency and duration, exacerbating negative human health impacts on a state with a substantial older population and industries (e.g., agriculture) that require frequent outdoor work. However, the combined impacts of temperature and humidity (heat stress) have not been previously investigated. For eight Florida cities, this study constructs summer climatologies and trend analyses (1950–2020) of two heat stress metrics: heat index (HI) and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT). While both incorporate temperature and humidity, WBGT also includes wind and solar radiation and is a more comprehensive measure of heat stress on the human body. With minor exceptions, results show increases in average summer daily maximum, mean, and minimum HI and WBGT throughout Florida. Daily minimum HI and WBGT exhibit statistically significant increases at all eight stations, emphasizing a hazardous rise in nighttime heat stress. Corresponding to other recent studies, HI and WBGT increases are largest in coastal subtropical locations in central and southern Florida (i.e., Daytona Beach, Tampa, Miami, and Key West) but exhibit no conclusive relationship with urbanization changes. Danger (103°–124°F; 39.4°–51.1°C) HI and high (>88°F; 31.1°C) WBGT summer days exhibit significant frequency increases across the state. Especially at coastal locations in the Florida Peninsula and Keys, danger HI and high WBGT days now account for >20% of total summer days, emphasizing a substantial escalation in heat stress, particularly since 2000. Significance Statement Extreme heat is the deadliest U.S. weather hazard. Although Florida is known for its warm and humid climate, it is not immune from heat stress (combined temperature and humidity) impacts on human health, particularly given its older population and prevalence of outdoor (e.g., agriculture) work. We analyze summer trends in two heat stress metrics at eight Florida cities since 1950. Results show that heat stress is increasing significantly, particularly at coastal locations in central and southern Florida and at night. The number of dangerous heat stress days per summer is also increasing across Florida, especially since 2000. Our analysis emphasizes that despite some acclimation, Florida is still susceptible to a serious escalation in extreme heat as the climate warms.

Mary McLeod Bethune: Village of God by Yahya Jongintaba

Reviewed by: Mary McLeod Bethune: Village of God by Yahya Jongintaba Ida E. Jones Mary McLeod Bethune: Village of God. By Yahya Jongintaba. ( Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2021. Pp. xxii, 327. $60.00, ISBN 978-1-62190-621-6.) The life, legacy, vision, and reach of Mary McLeod Bethune indelibly marked the twentieth century. Known as Mrs. Bethune, Dr. Bethune, Mother Bethune, or Sister Bethune, she lived a selfless life shaped by the cultural, emotional, and spiritual deposits made by her grandmother, mother, and father. She was born with a birth caul, which in folklore was purported to mean that she would see possibilities and potentialities beyond the average person. Her parents cultivated her innate talent and encouraged her quest for education. Clearly, these prophecies manifested over her nearly eighty years of life. During her retirement years, she sought to pen an autobiography. In her essay "How God Has Helped Me," she wrote, "I am conscious of the increasing power of God all through the years. He is today a sustaining power, comforting and controlling the way I take" ("How God Has Helped Me," in Chiazam Ugo Okoye, ed., Mary McLeod Bethune: Words of Wisdom [Bloomington, Ind., 2008], p. 63). In this essay, she recounted her life from the little village school in South Carolina to the campus of Bethune-Cookman College in Daytona Beach, Florida. This essay is the foundational document Yahya Jongintaba uses to situate Mary McLeod Bethune: Village of God. Jongintaba employs the idea of a village as a scene, story, place, being, language, idiom, and mission through which the life of Bethune is infused with divinely ordered steps. This biography of Bethune deviates from the chronological structure, preferring a religious structure in five parts: Freedom, Creativity, Integrity, Discipline, and Love. Jongintaba posits, "Who knows but that the foregoing five virtues are the framework by which God enables Mary to read into deeper and deeper layers of books over the course of her years" (p. 25). Chapters 1 and 2 provide an exegesis of Rackham Holt's Mary McLeod Bethune: A Biography (Garden City, N.Y., 1964) filtered through ideals of Christian freedom and creativity. Here Jongintaba shares that Bethune's initial desire was to become a missionary sent to Africa. Her longing for Africa was fulfilled in 1952 when she traveled to Liberia at the age of seventy-six. Africa, nature, and closeness to God were interconnected and contributed to her sense of purpose and her worldview. "Africa is a blessed place to Mary but so is the nature and history of the land with its African retentions into which she was born in rural Sumter County, South Carolina," Jongintaba writes (p. 47). Chapter 3 examines integrity: Jongintaba writes, "Woman is the custodian of the future. If she fails in the home, she fails forever … because the home is the link between the womb and the further forms of [the] village" (p. 136). Chapters 4 and 5 feature the demonstrative elements of Bethune's spiritual ideals, discipline, and love. These traits were infused throughout her institutional and organizational affiliations as essential building blocks for faith-led women. In closing, Jongintaba provides an exhaustive presentation of Bethune's writings, which allow Bethune to speak directly to the reader. The use of her diaries, lectures, and speeches demonstrates the divine intervention in her life. However, the spiritual filter used is esoteric at times, making the larger work [End Page 186] hard to follow. Other distractions were the use of Mary in lieu of Bethune and citing her birthday as May 10, not July 10, throughout the book until page 266. Lastly, the foundational essay, "How God Has Helped Me," should have been included for reference. The best audiences for this book are Bethune scholars, womanist theologians, historians, and sociologists. Ida E. Jones Morgan State University Copyright © 2022 The Southern Historical Association

A Multi-scale Analysis of the Atmospheric Conditions Associated with the Daytona Beach Tornado of Christmas Day, 2006

This case study describes a severe-storm event over Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina on 25 December 2006, with a particular focus on an F2 tornado that struck Daytona Beach, FL and caused over $50 million in damages. The severe weather occurred over a 12-h period and was associated with a deep upper-level trough and surface front moving through the southeastern U.S. Morning soundings over Florida showed low to moderate CAPE and strong vertical wind shear, consistent with seasonal composite tornadic soundings for the region. A quasi-linear convective system moved onshore near Tampa during the midmorning hours, the northern half of which accelerated and produced bow echoes that resulted in two tornadoes and nontornadic wind damage over Pasco, Sumter, and Lake Counties between 1620 and 1725 UTC. This portion of the line then moved into Volusia County and spawned F2 tornadoes in Deland and Daytona Beach after 1800 UTC. Data from the Melbourne National Weather Service Forecast Office’s Weather Surveillance Radar-1988D (WSR-88D), Daytona Beach International Airport (DAB) Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS), and DAB Low Level Wind Shear Alert System (LLWAS) were integrated to analyze conditions at the east end of the DAB runway 7L/25R complex, where the tornado first appeared. The LLWAS is normally used by air traffic control personnel for monitoring airport wind-shear conditions. The 10-s LLWAS wind data filled critical temporal and spatial gaps in the WSR-88D and ASOS data, and captured evidence of strong winds and cyclonic curvature nearly coincident with the locations of the radar-identified velocity couplet and tornado itself.

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Street Sweepings.

One hundred and seventeen street sweeping samples were collected and analyzed for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Fifty-six samples were collected in one city (Gainesville, Florida) allowing for an in-depth city-wide characterization. Street sweepings from five other urban areas, (Orlando, n = 15; Key West, n = 15; Pensacola, n = 12; Tampa, n = 13; and Daytona Beach, n = 6) were analyzed to provide a city-to-city comparison of PFAS. Within our analytical workflow, 37 PFAS were quantified across all samples, while the maximum number of PFAS quantified at one site was 26. Of those PFAS quantified in Gainesville, 60% were perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and 33% were precursors to PFAA. Among the PFAAs, short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were the dominant class representing 26% of the total PFAS by concentration. In the comparison across different urban cities, the dominant compound by concentration and frequency of detection varied; however, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and linear perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOSlin) were the two PFAS that were detected the most frequently. This study documents the first-time detection of hexadecafluorosebacic acid and perfluoro-3,6,9-trioxaundecane-1,11-dioic acid within environmental samples.

A Biting Review of Shark Attacks Off Florida's Coast, 1960 - 2016

The authors examine the monthly total and average number of unprovoked shark attacks off Florida’s Atlantic and Gulf coasts between 1960 and 2016, with special emphasis on the last twenty-seven years, divided into three nine-year intervals. Two-way connected-line plots, bar graphs and a series of two-sample t-tests reveal that monthly averages were highest in April (1999 – 2007) and September (1999 – 2007 and 2008 – 2016). Topographic maps created for each nine-year period show the lowest densities (shark attacks per square mile) from 1990 to 1998 and the highest densities from 1999 to 2007, off the shore of the east-central part of the state, northeast of Orlando in Volusia County, home to Daytona Beach.

Promoting Tobacco Use Among Students: The U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company College Marketing Program.

From the 1970s-1990s the U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company (USST) conducted aggressive campaigns to solicit college students to buy their smokeless tobacco (ST) products. The scope, scale, methods, and impact of this youth marketing campaign have yet to be analyzed in the academic literature. Historical research study. Internal industry documents describing the USST campaigns were obtained via the University of California, San Francisco's repository of tobacco company records. Marketing materials were obtained from Stanford University's Research Into the Impact of Tobacco Advertising (SRITA) collection of 657 USST advertisements. USST's College Marketing Program (1978-mid 1980s) sponsored events in some 350 campuses and hired student representatives in at least 175 colleges and universities across America. College representatives were trained to provide free samples to fellow students. Over a typical school year approximately a quarter million Happy Days, Skoal, and Skoal Bandits samples were handed out to undergraduates. USST paid their student representatives well and offered them a variety of incentives based upon sales growth. During the 1990s, USST's Skoal Music program engaged students on campuses and at "spring break" venues such as Daytona Beach. Targeting of college students on campus was a common tobacco industry practice between the 1940s and early 1960s. From the 1970s through 1990s USST resurrected the method and pursued it with vigor including: distribution of free samples; sponsored events and concerts, branded intramural teams; visits by sports celebrities; logo wearables and merchandise; contests and incentives; and displays and promotions in stores on and surrounding campuses. Laryngoscope, 131:E1860-E1872, 2021.

Florida State University College of Medicine.

Florida State University College of Medicine.

Two Florida county school days more crowded with MH training

Now that the second half of the school year has kicked off, Volusia County's older students can add something else to their to‐do list in between regular classes, school assemblies, emergency drills, extracurricular activities, tutoring and test prep: monthly lessons on mental health, The Daytona Beach News‐Journal reported Jan. 12. The State Board of Education approved in July a new requirement that sixth‐through 12th‐grade students get five hours of mental health awareness and assistance training each year. To meet the new requirements in Volusia County, the district office will provide lessons to schools each month via PowerPoint presentations with voice‐overs and videos, plus one‐page informational handouts. Teachers will facilitate one of three optional discussion questions, and students will complete a monthly sign‐in sheet to show they finished the lesson. In Flagler County, schools will roll out 10 30‐minute lessons between January and March, with the subject matter varying based on the grade. The new initiative, approved at the urging of Gov. Ron DeSantis and first lady Casey DeSantis, expands on requirements that legislators approved following the 2018 shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School. The massacre prompted some calls for educators and lawmakers to put their focus on mental health services, rather than adding armed staff at schools. “We will be the No. 1 state in the nation in terms of mental health outreach and school safety,” Education Commissioner Richard Corcoran in a press release in July.

The House that Race Built

The House that Race Built E. Patrick Johnson (bio) The year 1970 was spiteful. It was a year of the United States’ continued reckoning with its racist past, present (and future); its sexism and misogyny; its homophobia; its class wars; its jingoism and imperialism. It was the year that Angela Davis was fired from UCLA for being a communist; it was the year that race riots occurred in Augusta, GA, Miami and Daytona Beach, FL; it was the year that Black Panther leader Huey P. Newton was released from jail. And the list goes on. The country needed a salve for the wound inflicted by white supremacy, though no amount of ointment would scab over centuries of the deeds of white men. As they always already had done, black women came to the rescue with their own form of root work on this more “imperfect” union. The sweat and toil of their labor in the fields and in white folks’ houses that would spill into the streets and on picket lines, was the historical context for what emerged as a black feminist consciousness made manifest materially and rhetorically. In the preface to her 1970 black feminist anthology, The Black Woman, for example, writer Toni Cade Bambara proclaims, “We are involved in a struggle for liberation: liberation from the exploitive and dehumanizing system of racism, from the manipulative control of a corporate society; liberation from the constrictive norms of ‘mainstream’ culture, from [End Page 678] the synthetic myths that encourage us to fashion ourselves rashly from without (reaction) rather than from within (creation)” (1970, 7). And as if singing a harmonic alto to Bambara’s soprano, the twin namesake Toni Morrison punctuates Bambara’s declaration with an exclamation mark: The Bluest Eye. Indeed, the story of Pecola Breedlove in The Bluest Eye is exemplary of what happens when we fail to loosen the hold of the “synthetic myths” that are often internalized as a reaction to white supremacy: when we are seduced by the seeming “innocence” of language that formulates the “Dick and Jane” children’s book primer that opens the novel; when we, like Cholly Breedlove, buy the lie of what manhood should be and feels like, and get trapped in the pursuit of an ideal that leaves one forever wanting and ultimately, “a ratty nigger” (Morrison 2000, 17); when we, like Pauline Breed-love, become maimed by our obsession with an external “other” rather than the other within, which keeps us from living our best life; indeed, when we, like all our ancestors and the yet unborn yield to the temptation of racism it keeps us “distracted,” as Morrison, speaking in a different context, notes, from doing our work because “there will always be one more thing” (1975). Ultimately, like the entire Breedlove family, we sometimes drape around us a stunningly beautiful yet deceptively cheap cloak of ugly that does not belong to us—“a cloak of ugliness” we have accepted to wear without question (2000, 39). Given this “ugly” historical context, fifty years is an eye blink— or a mother’s side eye. We have been stuck in the changing same for over three centuries, and so it is the themes of Morrison’s first novel that call us to reckon with what it all means—this so-called black American life in which the election of a black president lulled us into a quietude that actually awoke a sleeping giant. And now we know that orange is definitely not the new black and there were no marigolds in the fall of 2016. Fifty years. The reckoning continues and the ante has been upped. How apropos, then, that we celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of one of the greatest novels in the history of American arts and letters. Pecola’s tragic story is a necessary precautionary tale that has stood the test of the half century of its existence. It has done so not only because racism and our internalization of it persists, but also because Morrison provides us a language—a primer—to put a name to that process of internalization. But putting a name to it was only the first step. It actually may...

Twenty-Seven Years of Progress in the Science of Meteorological Tsunamis Following the 1992 Daytona Beach Event

Meteorological tsunamis (“meteotsunamis”) are hazardous tsunami-like waves of atmospheric origin. They have typical periods from a few minutes to about 3 h and typical spatial scales from a few hundred meters to approximately 100–150 km. The waves have different local names in different regions of the world: “rissaga” in the Balearic Islands (Spain), “marrobbio” in Sicily (Italy), “sciga” in the Adriatic Sea (Croatia), “milghuba” in Malta, and “abiki” in Japan. Meteotsunamis have markedly different generation mechanisms than storm surge or rogue waves, and are mainly produced by direct air pressure forcing. Several recent destructive meteotsunami events have attracted considerable attention to the phenomenon. The present paper is one of the first attempts to classify and overview the strongest events. A total of 51 selected events over the past 27 years are examined and described. Some of these events are well known (e.g. the events of 4 July 1992 Daytona Beach, Florida, 15 June 2006 Ciutadella Harbour, Spain, and 13 June 2013 East Coast of USA), while others have only been mentioned in the media and on the Internet. The list of events includes those that have occurred in the Mediterranean, the Black Sea, Japan, South Korea, Australia, the Great Lakes, South Africa, the USA, Canada, Brazil, the Netherlands and other countries and regions. All meteotsunami events are separated into four groups: “Good-weather harbour”, “Good-weather open-coast”, “Bad-weather harbour (storm seiches)” and “Bad-weather open-coast”. “Good-weather” meteotsunamis are most typical for the Mediterranean region, while “bad-weather” events mainly occur on the Atlantic coasts of the USA and Europe.

Welcome

Greetings, and welcome to Daytona Beach, FL and PowerMEMS 2018 – the 18th International Conference on Micro and Nanotechnology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion Applications!The objective of PowerMEMS 2018 is to catalyze innovation in micro- and nano-scale technologies for the energy domain. The scope of the meeting ranges from basic principles, to materials and fabrication, to devices, systems and applications. The topics span the lifecycle of energy from power generation or harvesting to storage, conversion and conditioning, and integrated systems that manage these processes. The applications include micro power generation for wireless sensors and portable devices, as well as microsystems for actuation, pumping and propulsion.Our Conference aims to stimulate the exchange of insights and information, as well as the development of new ideas, in the power MEMS field. Our goal is to allow the attendees to interact and network within our multidisciplinary community that includes professionals from many branches of science and engineering, as well as energy and entrepreneurial specialists interested in the commercialization of power MEMS technologies.Since the first PowerMEMS in Sendai, Japan in 2000, the Conference has grown in size, reputation, impact, and technical breadth. This year’s technical program is highlighted by three plenary talks from prominent experts on wearable energy harvesting systems, magneto-electric generators, and near-zero-power microsystems. Each plenary talk anchors a “Focus Session” in each of these themes. The contributed program received 162 abstract and late news submissions. After careful review by the 35-member Technical Program Committee, a total of 135 papers were selected for presentation, 51 for oral, and 84 posters. There oral presentations are divided into 16 sessions, and the posters divided into two afternoon poster sessions. Nine PowerMEMS-in-Action live demos will be featured during the poster sessions, showcasing mature technologies and novel approaches hands-on. The conference proceedings are made available to attendees via direct download. All authors have the option to “elevate” their conference paper into a fully peer-reviewed journal article in either J. Micromechanics and Microengineering or Smart Materials and Structures. All non-elevated conference papers will be archived online around May 2019 under IoP’s J. of Physics: Conference Series.We hope to maximize interaction among participants and stimulate lively discussion through technical and social events. The PowerMEMS School provides opportunity to learn from leading experts in topics ranging from fundamentals of energy harvesting technologies to applications of PowerMEMS in selected domains. The PowerMEMS-in-Action live demos stimulates researchers to push their power MEMS technologies out of the laboratory and get feedback. Our tabletop exhibitors will help catalyze conversations between our industrial partners and the research community. On Thursday, the conference banquet will be held at the Kennedy Space Center, with dinner served directly below the retired Space Shuttle Atlantis orbiter. This will be a once-in-a-lifetime experience!This meeting is made possible by many generous contributions of time, effort, and financial support. Thanks are due to our co-organizers Florian Herrault (TPC Chair), Shad Roundy (Sponsorship and industry Chair), and Alexandra Garraud (School Chair), Peter Woias (PMiA Chair), to the Technical Program Committee for their intensive efforts in reviewing abstract submissions, and to the International Steering Committee for their advice and support. We are grateful to Preferred Meeting Management Inc. for their many contributions to the management and organization of our Conference. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the organizational and financial support provided for this meeting by the Transducers Research Foundation, Université de Sherbrooke, University of Florida, University of Utah, HRL Laboratories, and our exhibitors, publication partners, and other supporters.We hope that you find PowerMEMS 2018 enjoyable and fruitful, while enjoying the beautiful scenery and unique attractions of Daytona Beach!Sincerely,

THE 21ST AIR TRANSPORT RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE

The Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) was launched as a special interest group of the World Conference on Transport Research Society (WCTR) during the 7th Triennial WCTR Conference at Sydney in 1995. Headquartered at the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, ATRS is a platform for exchanging research ideas and results and facilitating multi-national and/ or multi- disciplinary research collaborations. Professor Tae Oum is the ATRS Founder and Chair and Professor Martin Dresner is the President and CEO. ATRS has its networking committee consisting of representatives around the group including researchers, economists, consultants and professionals. Since 2001, ATRS has been producing on a yearly basis a Global Airport Benchmarking Report. The report provides over 30 performance metrics for measuring and assessing effects of the operating environment and service quality of the airport, and airport management strategies such as business diversification, outsourcing, etc. Initiated at the University of British Columbia, the annual Global Airport Performance Benchmarking project is currently hosted at the David B. O’Maley College of Business at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Florida. A task force, led by Professor Chunyan Yu, and consisting of 16 leading researchers from Asia Pacific, Europe and North America guides the development of the annual report released every summer. More than 200 airports and 20 airport groups are covered and benchmarked among peer airports worldwide and within the three regions currently including North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific & Oceania. With the objective of providing the most comprehensive and unbiased comparison of airports performance regarding productivity and efficiency, financial performance, unit cost competitiveness, and airport charges, the report currently consists of three parts. The first part provides a summary of the research methodology and main findings. The second part, which is the main body of the report, provides comparative assessments of airport performance and characteristics such as traffic volume, number of employees, terminal-airside capacity, and airport charges. The last part of the report presents a short profile of each airport, its new development and recent awards.

Long-Term Atmospheric Corrosion of Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel and Zn-Al Coated Steel

Hot dip galvanized steel and zinc alloyed coated steel such as ZnAl are widely used in the building industry. However, despite large efforts made to study the corrosion products formed on zinc under atmospheric weathering conditions (see for instance reference 1 and 2), very few data exist on HDG and zinc alloyed coated steel [5]. This work is a part of a larger research program were steel with different zinc coatings are exposed on a worldwide basis on well characterized exposure sites in Europe, Asia and North America, see Table 1. Corrosion rates of hot dip galvanized steel and zinc aluminum coated steel (e.g. Zn5%Al and Zn 55% Al) were determined after 1, 2, 4 and 6 years of exposure under different climatic conditions. The formation and development of corrosion products was followed by detailed analysis of samples exposed 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 years using XRD, FTIR-spectroscopy and SEM-EDS. The data are discussed in view of current knowledge in the atmospheric corrosion of zinc, HDG and Zn-Al coated steel materials [1-6] Table 1. Test sites in the exposure program Code Name Country Distance to Sea(m) A Brest France <5 B Bohus-Malmön (I) Sweden <5 C Bohus-Malmön (II) Sweden 300 D Ijmuiden Netherlands 2600 E Cadiz Spain 750 F Jiangjin China ̴900 km G Ostrawa Czech Republic ̴500 km H Dubai UAE 2000 I Daytona Beach USA 100 J Quindao China 10 K Wanning China 100 L Bangkok Thailand 35 km M Sattahip Thailand 10 N Singapore SIngapore 10 References 1-I. Odnevall, C. Leygraf, Corros. Sci. 34 (1993) 1213–1229. 2- I. Odnevall, C. Leygraf, Corros. Sci. 36 (1994) 1551–1567. 3- N. Le Bozec, D. Thierry, M. Rohwerder, Dan Persson, G. Luckeneder and L. Luxem, Effect of CO2 on the atmospheric corrosion of ZnMgAl coated steel, Corrosion Science, 74, pp 379-386, 2013 4- E. Diller, B. Lescop, S. Rioual, G Nguyen, D. Thierry and B. Rouvello, Initial formation of corrosion products on pure zinc and MgZn2 examined by XPS: Corrosion Science 79, pp 83-88, 2014. 5- D. Persson, N. Le Bozec, T. Prosek, D. Thierry, G. Luckenader , Corrosion Science Vol 90, pp 276-283, 2015. 6- D. Persson, D. Thierry, N. Le Bozec: Corrosion products formation on Zn55Al upon exposure in marine atmosphere, Corrosion Science, 720, 2011.

A Long-Term Performance Evaluation of an Experimental Concrete Overlay

Flexible pavements are often rehabilitated by milling distressed asphalt and placing new asphalt at a thickness that accounts for expected traffic growth and pavement life. However, there are many reported benefits to concrete overlays as a method to rehabilitate and preserve distressed asphalt pavements. In 1988, the Florida Department of Transportation designed and constructed an unbonded concrete overlay on US-1 between Daytona Beach and Titusville. The 1.9-mile concrete overlay was part of a larger 8-mile milling and resurfacing of a deteriorated asphalt pavement. The concrete overlay test sections were divided into three groups based on design thicknesses of 6, 7, and 8 inches. Each of these groups included subsections with three joint spacing levels and two dowel bar configurations consisting of standard 12-inch spacing and wheel path only. The overlay sections are still in service with no major rehabilitation effort. The primary distress is pavement roughness found in sections with wheel path dowels only. The section with the most cracked slabs had joint spacings of 20 ft, which is no longer recommended. This paper documents the experimental program and presents the analysis and findings.

Erratum

Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications TechnologiesVolume 29, Issue 7 e3444 ERRATUMFree Access Erratum This article corrects the following: Recent advances in fog and mobile edge computing Ejaz Ahmed, Periklis Chatzimisios, Brij B. Gupta, Yaser Jararweh, Houbing Song, Volume 29Issue 4Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies First Published online: April 6, 2018 First published: 13 June 2018 https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.3444AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat After online publication of the Editorial for the Special Issue Fog and the Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC),1 an error was detected in the affiliation of the fifth author. The correct affiliation for Houbing Song is “Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, USA” and not “Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Oklahoma, OK, USA.” REFERENCE 1Ahmed E, Chatzimisios P, Gupta BB, Jararweh Y, Song H. Recent advances in fog and mobile edge computing. Trans Emerging Tel Tech. 2018; 29(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.3307 Volume29, Issue7July 2018e3444 ReferencesRelatedInformation