Days Of Strength Training Research Articles

Telomere Length and Biological Aging: The Role of Strength Training in 4814 US Men and Women

Telomere length is an index of cellular aging. Healthy lifestyles are associated with reduced oxidative stress and longer telomeres, whereas unhealthy behaviors are related to shorter telomeres and greater biological aging. This investigation was designed to determine if strength training accounted for differences in telomere length in a random sample of 4814 US adults. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were employed to answer the research questions using a cross-sectional design. Time spent strength training was calculated by multiplying days of strength training per week by minutes per session. Participation in other forms of physical activity was also calculated based on reported involvement in 47 other activities. Weighted multiple regression and partial correlation were used to calculate the mean differences in telomere length across levels of strength training, adjusting for differences in potential confounders. With the demographic covariates controlled, strength training and telomere length were linearly related (F = 14.7, p = 0.0006). Likewise, after adjusting for all the covariates, the linear association remained strong and significant (F = 14.7, p = 0.0006). In this national sample, 90 min per week of strength training was associated with 3.9 years less biological aging, on average. Regular strength training was strongly related to longer telomeres and less biological aging in 4814 US adults.

청소년의 건강행태와 먹방⋅쿡방 시청이 비만에 미치는 영향: 제18차 청소년건강행태조사 자료를 활용하여

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between adolescents' health behaviors and obesity and their viewing of mukbangs and cooking shows. Methods This study used data from the 18th Youth Health Behavior Survey conducted in 2022, and a total of 51,850 participants were analyzed by reflecting stratification variables, clustering variables, and weights according to the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's guidelines for composite sample analysis. Composite frequency analysis and composite crosstabulation analysis(Rao-Scott χ2-test) were conducted, and composite logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the influencing factors. Results The results showed that adolescents' gender, grade level, subjective economic status, breakfast skipping, fruit consumption, fast food consumption, vegetable consumption, late-night snacking, days of physical activity of 60 minutes or more per day during the week, days of strength training during the week, and frequency of watching mukbangs and cooking shows were significantly associated with obesity. Conclusions In order to prevent obesity in teenagers, it is necessary to provide appropriate education and various programs so that people can enjoy watching mukbang and cooking show videos and manage the effects on their own.

The impact of high intensity interval training in a diverse group of cancer survivors: CAPABLE, a pilot study

PurposeGiven the well-documented benefits of regular exercise to cancer survivors, current American Cancer Society guidelines recommend that patients engage in a minimum of 150 min per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with a minimum of two days of strength training. However, few survivors meet this goal, particularly among minorities. MethodsThe CAPABLE study is a single-arm, pilot exercise intervention that introduced 48 cancer survivors to a high intensity interval and strength training program three days a week for 12 weeks. We evaluated the impact of this unique training method on bodyweight, % body fat, serum markers correlated with an adverse cardiometabolic profile and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Measures were summarized at baseline and program exit. Paired t-tests were used to assess change in each of these measures over time. ResultsWe observed losses in weight, body mass index, and % body fat, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels over 12-weeks. There were also clinically meaningful improvements in reported overall HRQoL (FACTG total change +9.5 (95% CI, 4.6, 14.4)) and in each one of the individual domains (physical, social, emotional, and functional well-being). ConclusionsWe observed meaningful improvements in body composition, HbA1c and quality of life over 12 weeks among cancer survivors participating in a high-intensity interval training program. Future work will include a control arm for comparison and address barriers to participation and adherence which will be important in using this intervention and others like it to improve outcomes and reduce cancer health disparities.

Abstract 12741: Effect of One Year of Exercise Training on Left Ventricular Relaxation in Patients With Stage B Heart Failure

Introduction: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a risk factor for developing heart failure (HF). Exercise training decreases LV stiffness in individuals with LVH, but the effects of exercise training on LV relaxation in these individuals are unknown. Methods: Patients with LVH (> 11 mm) and elevated cardiac biomarkers (N-terminal pro- B-type natriuretic peptide [>40 pg/mL] or high-sensitivity troponin T [>0.6 pg/mL]) were randomized 2:1 to 1 year of monitored exercise training 4-5 days a week, including high intensity intervals, and 1-2 days of strength training or an attention control. Isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) was measured with pulse wave Doppler echocardiography and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was consecutively measured with right heart catheterization before and after intervention. LV relaxation time constant, Tau, was estimated by Tau = IVRT / (Ln End-systolic pressure (ESP) - Ln PCWP) (Figure). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 Max; Douglas bags) was measured with an incremental treadmill test. LV Stiffness was significantly improved in exercise arm, previously reported. Results: Thirty-one participants completed the study (Control: n=11, 51±6 years, 55% men, Exercise: n=20 53±6, 65% men). VO 2 Max increased by 18.2% in the exercise arm (2.2±0.6 L/min to 2.5±0.6, but not in controls; group x time p<0.001). Exercise training did not change Tau (exercise 38.2±6.5 to 39.8±8.7 ms) compared to control(40.3 ± 5.9 to 39.2±6.8 ms, group x time p = 0.84, Figure ). Exercise training resulted in no significant changes in IVRT (p = 0.35), SBP (p=0.89) or PCWP (p=0.69). Conclusions: In patients with LVH at risk for HF, one year of high intensity exercise training did not improve LV relaxation despite significant improvement in ventricular stiffness and exercise capacity. These results suggest the primary mechanism for HF risk reduction with exercise training is by lowering LV stiffness, and not necessarily altering LV relaxation.

Exploring the effect of an eHealth intervention on women's physical activity: Design and rationale for a randomized controlled trial.

ObjectiveThis manuscript reports on the protocol for a three-arm randomized controlled trial aiming to assess the effect a self-determination theory-based eHealth intervention on physical activity among insufficiently active women who are overweight or obese.MethodsThe intervention-of-interest provided (A) six weekly behavioural support emails, (B) a wearable activity tracker, and (C) a copy and verbal explanation of the Canadian physical activity guidelines, and was compared to an intervention that provided (B + C) and another that provided (C). Women from a local community were invited to participate in this study. Participants were recruited between September 2018 and March 2019. Data were collected using self-report and direct measures three times: at baseline (week 0), post-intervention (week 7), and at follow-up (week 21). The primary outcome was self-reported total metabolic equivalent minutes of physical activity per week (MET-m/week); exploratory outcomes included number of days of strength training per week, self-determination theory constructs (i.e. motivational regulations, basic psychological needs satisfaction and thwarting), and well-being indicators (i.e. affect, vitality, depression).ConclusionFindings will provide insight into which combination of intervention components may be more effective at promoting physical activity among insufficiently active women who are overweight or obese, and thus inform the design of future interventions aiming to promote physical activity.

Health behaviour change during the UK COVID-19 lockdown: Findings from the first wave of the C-19 health behaviour and well-being daily tracker study.

ObjectivesTo provide baseline cohort descriptives and assess change in health behaviours since the UK COVID‐19 lockdown.DesignA prospective cohort (N = 1,044) of people recruited online, purposively targeting vulnerable populations.MethodsAfter a baseline survey (April 2020), participants completed 3 months of daily ecological momentary assessments (EMA). Dietary, physical activity, alcohol, smoking, vaping and substance use behaviours collected retrospectively for the pre‐COVID‐19 period were compared with daily EMA surveys over the first 30 days during early lockdown. Predictors of behaviour change were assessed using multivariable regression models.Results30% of the cohort had a COVID‐19 at risk health condition, 37% were classed as deprived and 6% self‐reported a mental health condition. Relative to pre‐pandemic levels, participants ate almost one portion of fruit and vegetables less per day (vegetables mean difference −0.33, 95% CI −0.40, −0.25; fruit −0.57, 95% CI −0.64, −0.50), but showed no change in high sugar portions per day (−0.03, 95% CI −0.12, 0.06). Participants spent half a day less per week doing ≥30 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (−0.57, 95% CI −0.73, −0.40) but slightly increased days of strength training (0.21, 95% CI 0.09, 0.34), increased alcohol intake (AUDIT‐C score change 0.25, 95% CI 0.13, 0.37), though did not change smoking, vaping or substance use behaviour. Worsening health behaviour change was associated with being younger, female and higher body mass index.ConclusionsThe cohort reported worsening health behaviours during early lockdown. Longer term changes will be investigated using further waves of data collection.

Abstract PO-144: Assessment of diet and physical activity among prostate cancer survivors: Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)

Abstract PURPOSE: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the third most common cancer diagnosis in US men. Evidence shows that diet and physical activity may play a role in decreasing the risk of PCa progression and improving outcomes. The purpose of this study is to explore lifestyle behaviors of men with and without prostate cancer. METHODS: Data were obtained from the NCI Health Information National Trends and Survey (HINTS), a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey. Using HINTS 5 Cycles 1-3, we identified US. males > 50 years of age with PCa and those without a history of cancer. Respondents reported their height, weight, daily fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and strength training. Data were weighted to calculate population estimates. Statistical analysis included frequencies and multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine the independent association of demographic factors with health behaviors. SPSS Statistics Version 26 was used to analyze data. RESULTS: The overall weighted sample was 76.1% NHW (Non-Hispanic Whites), 64.3% post high school education, 38.6% >$75,000 annual income, and 65.8% were married/cohabitating. PCa survivors were older compared to men without a history of cancer. Both PCa survivors and men without a history of cancer reported a BMI >25, less than 150 minutes of moderate physical activity, less than 2 cups of fruit per day, and less than 3 cups of vegetables per day. Compared to men without cancer, PCa survivors were less likely to consume 3 cups of vegetables per day (OR 0.23, 0.08 – 0.63, p <0.01) and less likely to complete more than 2 days of strength training per week (OR 0.47, 0.23 – 0.99, p<0.05), adjusting for age, income, and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest both PCa survivors and men without cancer do not follow diet and physical activity recommendations. There is a need to develop interventions to encourage healthy behaviors, especially strength training among PCa survivors. Citation Format: Adaora Ezeani, Tanya Agurs-Collins. Assessment of diet and physical activity among prostate cancer survivors: Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-144.

0867 Gender Differences In The Relationship Between Exercise And Sleep In Young Adults

Abstract Introduction Exercise is widely prescribed as a behavioral treatment for sleep health, but generalizations about the benefits of exercise for sleep do not typically consider gender differences. The present study examined relationships between exercise frequency and self-reported sleep outcomes in undergraduate men and women. Methods Students were recruited from campus fitness facilities immediately after they finished a workout (N=829, 19.5±1.4 y, 38.5% Female) and completed demographic, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and exercise questionnaires. Department of Health and Human Services Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans were used to dichotomize students into those who met recommendations for weekly aerobic and strength training exercise and those who did not. Multiple regression was used to examine the relationships between exercise frequency and PSQI outcomes and analysis of variance was used to compare PSQI outcomes by gender and exercise guideline groups. Results Compared to women, men reported more days of exercise, fewer days of aerobic exercise, more days of strength training, better sleep efficiency and later bedtimes (ps<0.05). Among all participants, exercise frequency associated with an earlier bedtime, higher sleep efficiency, less daytime dysfunction and better sleep quality (ps<0.05). When divided by gender, exercise frequency associated with an earlier bedtime and better sleep quality in women (ps<0.05) but not men and associated with less daytime dysfunction in men (p=0.012) but not women. Approximately 47% of participants met exercise guidelines for both aerobic and strength training. Participants who met the guidelines exhibited an earlier bedtime (p=0.01) and higher sleep efficiency (p=0.08) than those who did not. There was also a significant interaction effect for sleep latency (p=0.042) such that meeting the guidelines associated with a shorter sleep latency in men (p=0.006) but not women. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of taking an individual’s gender and specific sleep issue into account when implementing an exercise prescription to improve sleep. Support Rutgers University Aresty Foundation

Abstract PL04-03: Working in innovative settings to enhance reach and improve population-based physical activity levels

Abstract Physically active individuals accrue a wide range of health benefits including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, certain types of cancer; as well as improving mental health, mood, bone and muscular strength, and reduced risk of falls. However, less than half of US adults (age 18+) meet the national Surgeon General recommendations of at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity, including 2 days of strength training, each week. Certain subgroups of the population, Blacks, Hispanics, lower education and income levels, and those living in rural locations, are more likely to not meet the guidelines. In addition, 33.9% of the US population are considered “inactive” (e.g. less than 10 minutes of activity/week)….and inactive subgroups are also quite similar to those who do not meet physical activity guidelines. To address key health and cancer disparities, we must consider intervention strategies that improve reach and effectiveness within these subgroups. This presentation will share examples of working within innovative settings to improve physical activity levels, as well as decrease inactivity. We will introduce constructs of the RE-AIM framework to guide this discussion. Citation Format: Laura Linnan. Working in innovative settings to enhance reach and improve population-based physical activity levels. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PL04-03.

Identification Of Proteins Of Human Serum And Skeletal Muscle By Short-term Strength Training In Elite Korean Speed Skaters

PURPOSE: Protein profiles from the sera and vastus lateralis muscle of speed skaters were analyzed by 2-D PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS. METHODS: Ten elite speed skaters including silver medalist in Torino Winter Olympic Games were participated in the present study and their average age, Vo2 max, and athletic career were 20 years, 54.6 ml·kg-1·min-1 and 14.6 years, respectively. The 12 days of strength training regimen consisted of twelve exercises using 10 repetitions maximum (10RM) and performed three sets with a 1-2min rest between sets and exercises. In addition, all subjects performed 15 rounds in each 200m and 400m skating at 90% of their max speed of 200m/400m skating with 30-40 sec rest intervals. RESULTS: After 12 days of strength training, the fiber type distribution, the CSA of fibers and the capillary density in different fiber types unchanged. In blood, seven proteins, alpha-1-B-glycoprotein-human, serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1), 'SP40,40' sulfated glycoprotein-2, alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor, complex-forming glycoprotein HC, crystalline, alpha B; Heat-shock 20kD like-protein, and chain A, crystal structure of human serum albumin (fragment) were up-regulated after super-maximal strength training. In skeletal muscle, five proteins, myogenin and myogenin 1, calsarcin-2, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase, ATP synthease, H+ transporting mitochondrial F0 complex subunit were up-regulated after super-maximal strength training and the other four proteins, heat shock protein, alpha-crystallin-related B6, fast skeletal myosin alkali light chain1 isoform 3f, catalytic A1 and A2, crystalline alpha B, and heat shock 20kD like-protein were down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS: Proteomics provides an excellent methodology, which is suitable to investigate the adaptive changes after exercise training of protein factors in human blood and tissues. However, serum proteins, in part may not predict certain changes in tissues after exercise interventions despite serum proteins play the central role in clinical diagnosis and monitoring body function.

The Effect of a Multi-Ingredient High Caffeine Pre-Exercise Supplement on Strength Power and Body Composision in 8 Weeks of Resistance Training

Pre-workout supplements are broadly marketed to athletes and recreational exercisers with claims of improved performance or exercise effectiveness. Many such supplements contain a variable blend of known ergogenic aids and often include caffeine. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a multi-component high caffeine pre-workout supplement on lean body mass (LBM) and measures of muscle performance during an eight week strength training exercise program. METHODS: Thirty physically active, resistance trained, college age (19.5 ± 0.269 yr) males were recruited for this double blind taste placebo control investigation. Subjects were randomly assigned into 2 groups: 1) Experimental (EXP) (n = 15) and 2) Control (CON) (n = 15). Subjects in the EXP drank the supplement containing a variety of common ergogenic aids including 450mg caffeine 15 minutes before each training session. Subjects in the CON drank a non-caloric placebo mixture at the same times. Both groups completed an eight week exercise program consisting of three days of strength training per week and all subjects completed the same training protocol. The following tests were performed prior to the training protocol and after 8 weeks of training: Body Weight, Body Composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA); maximal strength was determined using 1 RM tests for 8 different exercises; squat and bench press power was determined using an external dynamometer; and vertical jump. Twenty-five subjects completed the training protocol (EXP n = 14 and CON n = 11). Separate repeated measures ANOVAs were performed to test for differences between EXP and CON groups for strength, power, and body composition. The criteria for statistically significant differences were identified as an p value ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: A main effect for time was identified for each of the 1RM strength measures tested (p<0.05) except biceps curls (p = 0.34). A significant group x time interaction was found for the bench press exercise (F1/22 = 4.843, p = 0.039). Significant main effects were found for lean body mass (F1/22 = 20.32, p<0.001), but there were no significant group × time interactions for changes in LBM (F1/22 = 0.142 p = 0.710). Squat power measurements also showed a significant group x time interaction (F1/22 = 4.857, p = 0.038). Vertical Jump and bench press power did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Significant improvements in strength and lean body mass were observed in both the EXP and CON groups as would be expected with a resistance exercise training program. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the supplement as an ergogenic aid. Two measures of muscle performance, bench press 1RM and squat power, increased more in the EXP group, but LBM changes did not differ. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: 8 weeks of pre-workout supplementation may provide some muscle performance benefit when combined with resistance exercise training. Significant improvements in LBM over the placebo drink were not observed however. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This study was funded by LaBrada Nutrition Inc, Houston, TX. *Denotes Equal Author Contribution

Aerobic Vs. Resistance Exercise In Igfbp-3 In African American Males And Prostate Cancer Cells Growth

The value of aerobic exercise (ex) on health benefits have been well investigated while the benefits of resistance ex have been mostly minimized to that of building muscle and improving performance. Aerobic physical activity has been linked to reducing the growth of prostate tumors by altering function of the insulin-like growth factors. Prostate cancer affects blacks disproportionately, and whether aerobic and resistance ex affects the insulin-like growth factor system similarly is not known. PURPOSE: This pilot study investigated the influence of aerobic ex and resistance ex on the concentration of a substance (insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 [IGFBP-3]) which attenuates the growth of prostate tumor cells. METHODS: Subjects were 14 sedentary black males 18-29 yrs. Subjects were assigned to groups of an aerobic ex (n = 7) and resistance ex (n = 7). The aerobic ex regime consisted of 7 consecutive days of treadmill jogging at 70% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). The resistance ex regime consisted of 7 consecutive days of strength training the major muscle groups of the upper and lower extremity performing 3 sets of 10 repetitions corresponding to 70% 1 repetition maximum. At the beginning and end of 7 days of aerobic/resistance ex, serum samples of the subjects were incubated with cultures of prostate LNCaP tumor cells. The serum concentration of IGFBP-3 and the relative cell growth were measured. RESULTS: Characteristics of age, body weight and height, VO2peak, % body fat, and maximum leg strength were not significantly different across groups. Baseline serum concentration of IGFBP-3 was similar between the aerobic and resistance ex groups (.056 ±.03 vs..056 ±.01 ng/ml). Further, baseline serum growth rate of the tumor cells were similar between groups (.51 ±.09 vs..50 ±.14%). We observed the tumor cell growth rate after aerobic and resistance ex tended to be lower (11% and 21%), but the difference was not significant. There was a tendency for similar increases in IGFBP-3 after aerobic and resistance ex. CONCLUSION: Aerobic ex vs. resistance ex showed similar clinical directional findings for and increase in IGFBP-3 and decrement in prostate tumor cell growth rate. This study provides evidence suggesting aerobic ex and resistance ex are equally effective in possibly inhibiting the evolution of prostate cancer.

A suplementação de ácidos graxos ômega 3 e triglicérides de cadeia média não alteram os indicadores metabólicos em um teste de exaustão

PROPÓSITO: Este estudo compara os efeitos do treinamento de força (TF) com ou sem a suplementação de lipídios ômega 3 (W-3) ou triglicérides de cadeia média (TCM), nos indicadores metabólicos em um teste de exaustão (TE). MÉTODOS: Grupo W-3 (GW-3: n = 7, 26,7 ± 6 anos de idade; 82,6 ± 10kg) e grupo TCM (GTCM: n = 5, 18,8 ± 1,3 ano de idade; 74,6 ± 9,7kg) com 11 meses mínimos em TF. Houve dois momentos de TE: depois de 28 dias somente com TF e coletas de sangue antes (M1a) e após (M1d), e após mais 28 dias de TF mais a suplementação com W-3 ou TCM e repetindo o mesmo procedimento (M2a e M2d). RESULTADOS: O hematócrito (Ht), osmolalidade (Os), sódio (Na+) e pressão de dióxido de carbono (PCO2) não tiveram mudanças significativas em nenhum momento, grupo ou D M2 (P &gt; 0,05). A pressão de oxigênio (PO2) aumentou significativamente após TE nos dois momentos e grupos (P &lt; 0,05). Glicose e bicarbonato (HCO3) tiveram aumento no M1 para o GW-3 e o HCO3 no M2 para o GTCM (P &lt; 0,05), sem outras mudanças. A lactato desidrogenase (LDH) aumentou significativamente somente no M2 para o GW-3 (P &lt; 0,05) e o pH caiu no M1 para ambos grupos (P &lt; 0,05), sem outras mudanças significativas. CONCLUSÃO: Os TE per se alteraram a maioria dos indicadores metabólicos, mas houve grande desvio padrão. O teste induziu a acidose e a suplementação de ácidos graxos não interferiu.