Days Of Remediation Research Articles

Electrodialytic remediation of harbour sediment in suspension—Evaluation of effects induced by changes in stirring velocity and current density on heavy metal removal and pH

Electrodialytic remediation was used to remove heavy metals from a suspension of dredged harbour sediment. The studied metals Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd are normally strongly bound in anoxic sediment. Six electrodialytic laboratory remediation experiments were made, lasting 14 days and under oxic conditions. The influence on the metal removal was investigated by changing current densities and stirring velocity of the sediment suspension. Using a current density of 1.0 mA/cm 2 gave the highest metal removal. The sediment suspension was partly oxidised when mixed into a suspension for the electrodialytic remediation experiments and was further oxidised during the experiments. Even at low stirring velocities, oxic conditions were obtained. The metal removal was dependent on the achieved pH in the sediment and the highest metal removal and corresponding low pH was obtained by using a current density of 1.0 mA/cm 2 and a stirring velocity of the sediment suspension of 1000 rpm. The highest removal obtained was 98% Cd, 78% Zn, 65% Pb and 44% Cu after 14 days of remediation. The metal removal was more dependent on the stirring velocity than on the current density. When manually stirring the sediment suspension or using a stirring velocity of 60 rpm the sediment deposited, which led to a slightly higher pH in the sediment and keeping all the sediment in suspension is essential for a successful remediation.

Acidification of Harbor Sediment and Removal of Heavy Metals Induced by Water Splitting in Electrodialytic Remediation

Harbor sediments are often contaminated with heavy metals, which can be removed by electrodialytic remediation. Water splitting at the anion exchange membrane in contact with the contaminated material in electrodialytic remediation is highly important for the removal of heavy metals. Here it was investigated how acidification caused by water splitting at the anion exchange membrane during electrodialytic remediation of contaminated harbor sediment and hence the metal removal, was influenced by different experimental conditions. Two different experimental cells were tested, where the number of compartments and ion exchange membranes differed. Totally, 14 electrodialytic experiments were made, with varying remediation time, current densities, and liquid to solid ratio (L/S). pH in the sediment decreased slightly after 1 day of remediation, even if the sediment had a high buffering capacity, suggesting that water splitting at the anion exchange membrane started early in the remediation process. An increase in the voltage over the cell and a decrease in the electrical conductivity in the sediment suspension also indicated that the water splitting started within 1 day of remediation. When the sediment was acidified, the voltage decreased and electrical conductivity increased. After 5 days of remediation the sediment was acidified at the chosen current density (1 mA/cm2) and the main metal removal was observed shortly after. Thus it was crucial for the metal removal that the sediment was fully acidified. Lower metal removal was seen in an experimental cell with three compartments compared to five compartments, due to increased sensitivity of pH changes in the cell.

Electrodialytic removal of cadmium from straw combustion fly ash

AbstractFly ash from straw combustion contains valuable nutrients when returned to agricultural soils. In many instances, however, this fly ash may contain heavy metals, such as cadmium, at levels which often exceed the limits given by the Danish legislation. Thus before utilizing the nutrients, cadmium must be removed from these ashes. The use of an electrodialytic remediation method to remove cadmium from fly ash arising from straw combustion and containing 11.2 mg Cd kg−1 DM (dry matter) was accessed. After 36 days of remediation at a constant current density of 5.6 mA cm−2 more than 97% of the cadmium had been removed from around 150 g ash on a dry basis. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry

Composting of Wood Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

The addition of various nitrogen sources, such as liquid hog manure and mineral medium, to pine wood accelerated the composting process in Dewar vessels, which was obvious from the increased decomposition temperature and the more intensive oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. During composting in Dewar vessels of artificially PAH-contaminated pine wood soaked with liquid manure, the PAH degradation was influenced by the inoculum used. The fastest PAH degradation was achieved by compost addition, but the most intensive carbon dioxide evolution was measured with hydrocarbon-polluted soil as an additive. After 61 days, the PAH content of the wood was reduced from each 1000 mg/kg to 26 mg/kg of phenanthrene and 83 mg/kg of pyrene. The relation between the microbial wood decay and PAH degradation shows that the detoxification at least of artificially PAH-polluted wood demands only a partial wood decay.A pilot scale percolator was applied to composting of artificially contaminated pine wood and really polluted waste wood. After 27 days of remediation, the portion of residual PAHs was higher in the case of the really polluted material. The slower degradation in the real waste wood may be explained by the lower bioavailability of pollutants in comparison with the artificially contaminated wood. In really polluted wood, the degradation rate of PAHs depended on their degree of condensation (the higher the number of aromatic rings the smaller the degradation rate was).

Roles of connexin (gap junction) genes in tumour suppression and cancer gene therapy

Sulfur-iron functionalized biochar (BC-Fe-S) was designed by simultaneously supporting Fe2O3 nanoparticles and grafting sulfur-containing functional groups onto biochar to stabilize Pb and Cd in soil. The BC-Fe-S exhibited excellent stabilization performance for Pb and Cd with fast kinetic equilibrium within 5 days associating with pseudo-second-order model. The bioavailable-Pb and -Cd contents decreased by 59.22% and 70.28% with 3% BC-Fe-S treatment after 20 days of remediation. Speciation transformation analysis revealed that the increase of stabilization time and BC-Fe-S dosage with appropriate soil moisture and pH promoted toxicities decrease of Pb and Cd with transformation of labile fractions to more steady fractions. The labile fractions of Pb and Cd decreased by 12.22% and 16.21% with 3% BC-Fe-S treatment, and transformed to the residual speciation. Meanwhile, wetting-drying and freezing-thawing aging did not markedly alter the bioavailability of Pb and Cd, proving that the BC-Fe-S holds promise for stabilization of Pb and Cd in varying environmental conditions. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that the BC-Fe-S significantly improved diversity and composition of microbial community, especially increasing the relative abundance of heavy metal-resistant bacteria. Overall, these results suggested BC-Fe-S as a high-performance and environmental-friendly amendment with stability to remediate heavy metals polluted soil.