Day For 7days Research Articles

Misoprostol versus Letrozol with Misoprostol in Management of First Trimesteric Missed Miscarriage

Background and objective: The objective of this work is to match the security and effectiveness of two treatment modalities (Misoprostol versus Letrozol with Misoprostol) in medical treatment of 1st trimesteric missed miscarriages. Methods: This is an interventional randomized case-control investigation that was performed at the outpatient antenatal care clinic of Luxor General Hospital during the period from February to December 2017. The study included a number of 200 cases who have been randomly classified to 2 equal groups: Group-I "Misoprostol" which included 100 cases received 800-mg of misoprostol vaginally at once of diagnosis and group-II "Letrozol + Misoprostol" which included 100 cases received 10-mg letrozol 2 times a day for 3-days as pretreatment then 800-mg of vaginal misoprostol. Results: Misoprostol alone group (group-I) has a significantly high duration of vaginal bleeding after the 1st Misoprostol dose and time passed after 1st misoprostol dose till the 1st passage of POC in comparison with group-II, (P-value Conclusion: The results revealed that a 3-days course of letrozole (10-mg per day) trailed by misoprostol vaginally (800-mg) was accompanied with a significantly high full abortions rate in women with first-trimester miscarriage compared to misoprostol alone (81.0% vs. 54.0%) without increasing side effects.

Staying UpRight in Parkinson’s disease: A pilot study of a novel wearable postural intervention

ObjectivesThis interventional pilot study aimed to 1) examine whether a novel wearable vibro-tactile feedback device (‘UpRight Go’) is effective and feasible to improve postural alignment in Parkinson’s disease (PD); 2) explore relationships between postural alignment and attention in PD; 3) explore effect of vibro-tactile device on balance and gait; and 4) gain initial feedback on the use of the vibro-tactile device in the laboratory and at home. Methods25 people with PD sat, stood and walked for two-minutes without and with the UpRight device attached to their upper backs to provide feedback on postural alignment in the laboratory. A sub-group (n = 12) wore the UpRight device at home for 60 min. per day for 7-days of postural feedback. Subjective feedback on use of the device was obtained in the laboratory and at the end of the 7-day period.The primary outcome for this study was posture measured by verticality of inertial measurement units (IMUs) at the neck, trunk and low back, which was done with and without the UpRight device. Secondary outcomes included clinical measures of posture, subjective feedback on the device, computerized attention measures, gait and balance. ResultsNeck postural alignment in PD was significantly improved (reduced neck flexion) with the UpRight during sitting and standing in both clinical measures (p = 0.005) and IMU outcomes (p = 0.046), but trunk and low back posture did not change. There was no change in postural alignment during walking with the UpRight. Postural alignment response was related to attentional capabilities. Many subjects (68 %) reported that they felt a benefit from the UpRight and most participants reported that the device was acceptable (Lab use; 72 %, Home use; 75 %). ConclusionThe UpRight Go feedback device may improve neck/upper-back posture in PD during sitting and standing, but not during walking. Postural alignment response to the device may depend on attentional mechanisms.

Adverse effects of oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin on the fertility of Saanen bucks.

This study aimed to determine the adverse effects of oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin application on the fertility of Saanen bucks. For this purpose, twenty-four bucks were divided into three groups. Group I (control group) received only 5ml of 0.9% NaCl for 7days, group II was given a single dose of 20mg/kg oxytetracycline and group III was given at a dose of 2.5mg/kg per day for 7days intramuscularly. Serum and semen samples were collected from the bucks at post-treatment 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9days and examined spermatological parameters (quantity, motility, density, abnormal sperm ratio, and live-dead sperm ratio), serum testosterone levels (with ELISA) and sperm DNA parameters (with Comet assay). The results showed no change in sperm volume, abnormal sperm rate, and dead-live sperm ratio in group II and III following oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin administration. However, a decrease in sperm density, sperm motility, mass activity, and testosterone levels, and an increase in sperm DNA damage were detected. These spermatological parameters (density, motility, mass activity) and testosterone levels were less decreased and sperm DNA damage was less increased in group II than group III. The greater damage in group III may be attributed to the longer duration of enrofloxacin administration compared to oxytetracycline and the effect of enrofloxacin on DNA. The results obtained from this study suggest that usage of oxytetracycline and especially enrofloxacin should be restricted and antibiotics with fewer side effects on sperm should be preferred in Saanen bucks during the reproduction period.

Improving respiratory muscle strength and health status in burn patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Pulmonary complications are among the major disadvantages of burns. The present study aimed to determine the effect of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle strength and health status in burned patients. The current randomized clinical trial was conducted on 64 burned patients in Burn Center of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. In the intervention group, a Powerbreathe device (KH1 digital model) was used twice a day for 10days, accompanied by the routine procedures and in the control group, only chest physiotherapy and incentive spirometer were used. Before the intervention, the mean scores of respiratory muscle strength were 38.8 ± 10.1 and 35.8 ± 9.0 in the Powerbreathe group and control group, respectively (p = .206). After the intervention, the mean score of respiratory muscle strength of Powerbreathe group was 49.2 ± 11.8 and in the control group was 39.3 ± 8.5 (p < 0.001). Moreover, the mean scores of health status before the intervention in the burned patients were 66.3 ± 14.8 and 63.0 ± 17.3 in the Powerbreathe group and control group, respectively (p = 0.550). In the post-intervention phase, the mean health status score of the burned patients in the intervention and control groups were measured at 75.9 ± 14.1 and 66.7 ± 15.9, respectively (p = 0.019). It seems that inspiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle strength and health status in the burned patients. Therefore, the use of Powerbreathe is recommended for the prevention and improvement of pulmonary complications in patients with chest burns.

The antioxidant and anti-apoptotic potential of Pleurotus eryngii extract and its chitosan-loaded nanoparticles against doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in male rats.

This study was conducted to evaluate the protective role of Pleurotus eryngii extract (PE) and Pleurotus eryngii extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PE-CSNP) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Male rats were divided into six groups: control (DMSO/ethanol), PE (200mg/kg PE), PE-CSNP (30mg/kg PE-CSNP), DOX (10mg/kg DOX, a single dose, i.p), DOX+PE (10mg/kg DOX+200mg/kg PE) and DOX+PE-CSNP (10mg/kg DOX+30mg/kg PE-CSNP). PE and PE-CSNP were administered by oral gavage every other day for 21days. DOX-treated rats showed histopathological impairment compared with the control group. There was an increase in the apoptotic index, caspase 3 (CASP3), BCL2-associated X apoptosis regulator (BAX), dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) expression and total oxidative status (TOS) in the DOX group, while mitofusin-2 (MFN2), total antioxidative status (TAS) and serum testosterone levels of the DOX group reduced when compared with the other groups. PE and PE-CSNP treatments provided significant protection against DOX-induced oxidative stress by reducing TOS levels and increasing TAS levels. CASP3, BAX, apoptotic index and DRP1-MFN2 expressions were restored by PE and PE-CSNP. However, the PE-CSNP showed higher antioxidant and anti-apoptotic efficacy compared with PE. Thus, our results provide evidence that CSNP and PE could synergistically have a potent antioxidant and anti-apoptotic therapy against DOX-induced testicular damage in male rats.

Lycopene Alleviates Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Induced Testicular Toxicity by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Mice.

The research was carried out to investigate the possible ameliorative effect of lycopene on TiO2 NPs-induced male reproductive toxicity and explore the possible mechanism. Ninety-six healthy male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were equally divided into eight groups (control group, 50mg/kg TiO2 NPs group, 5mg/kg LYC group, 20mg/kg LYC group, 40mg/kg LYC group, 50mg/kg TiO2 NPs + 5mg/kg LYC group, 50mg/kg TiO2 NPs + 20mg/kg LYC group, 50mg/kg TiO2 NPs + 40mg/kg LYC group), and the mice were treated by intragastric administration every day for 30days in this research. Sperm parameters, testicular histopathology, oxidant and antioxidant enzymes, and cell apoptosis-related protein expression in the testicular tissue were analyzed. The results showed that TiO2 NPs exposure significantly decreased sperm count and motility, and TiO2 NPs also increased sperm malformation in the epididymis; these characteristics were improved when co-administration with LYC. Testicular histopathological lesions like disorder of germ cells arrange, detachment, atrophy, and vacuolization were observed after TiO2 NPs exposure, and these abnormalities were effectively ameliorated by co-administration with LYC. Oxidative stress was induced by TiO2 NPs exposure as evidenced by increased the level of MDA and decreased the activity of SOD as well as the level of anti-O2-, and these alterations were effectively prevented by co-administration with LYC. LYC also alleviated TiO2 NPs-induced germ cell apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as shown by the upregulation of Bcl-2, the downregulation of Bax, Cleaved Caspase 3, and Cleaved Caspase 9. LYC could ameliorate TiO2 NPs-induced testicular damage via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis, which could be used to alleviate the testicular toxicity associated with TiO2 NPs intake.

Systemic corticosteroids could be used as bridge treatment in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome waiting for surgery

Local and systemic inflammatory markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines are increased in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Therefore, systemic or topical anti-inflammatory agents are used to treat this syndrome. We evaluated the treatment with systemic corticosteroids in children with severe OSAS and adenotonsillar hypertrophy before surgery. This was an unblinded open label study. Children with severe OSAS (diagnosed through polysomnography, obstructive apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] > 10eV/h) were recruited. Exclusion criteria included age < 3years, history of acute or chronic cardiorespiratory or neuromuscular or metabolic disease; major craniofacial abnormalities; and chromosomal syndromes and epilepsy. Computer-generated random numbers were used for simple randomization of subjects. All children were treated with intranasal beclomethasone spray, and 15 children additionally received oral betamethasone and 0.1mg/kg per day for 7days. Sleep clinical record (SCR) and pulsoximetry were performed before and after 7days in all children. Among 28 children with severe OSAS mean age was4.5 ± 1.8years, AHI 20.4 ± 1.8eV/h). In children treated with intranasal and oral corticosteroids, mean (95.3 ± 1.1 vs 97.0 ± 0.8%, p = 0.0001) and minimum oxygen saturation (78.8 ± 6.3 vs 89.2 ± 4.2, p = 0.001) improved, and the SCR score (12.6 ± 1.2 vs 8.3 ± 1.1, p = 0.0001) was reduced. Children treated onlywith intranasal beclomethasone spray showed no differences in outcome measures before and after treatments. When we considered the oximetry measures, after corticosteroid treatment, we obtained statistical differences between the 2 groups (p < 0.01). These results seem to suggest that a short course of oral betamethasone could be useful to treat children with severe OSAS and adenotonsillar hypertrophy waiting for surgery.

Effect of photobiomodulation on post-operative symptoms in teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis treated with foraminal enlargement: A randomized clinical trial.

To assess the efficacy of photobiomodulation in reducing post-operative symptoms and use of analgesics in teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis treated with foraminal enlargement in a single visit. This prospective double-blind, controlled, superiority, randomized clinical trial enrolled 70 patients requiring root canal treatment of one single-rooted tooth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. The participants were randomized into one of the following two groups: 35 patients in the control group (C.G) - root canal treatment with foraminal enlargement, without any additional treatment and 35 patients in the photobiomodulation group (PBM.G) - root canal treatment with foraminal enlargement associated with photobiomodulation (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and low-level laser therapy). The outcome variables were post-operative pain, tenderness, oedema and the use of analgesics. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analogue scale (recorded every day for 7days, then the 14th and 30th days after root canal treatment). Facial oedema was assessed subjectively by two independent evaluators using photographs taken by one of the researchers at 48h, 72h and 7days after the procedures. Data were tabulated and analysed using the Mann-Whitney U, Chi-Square, Fisher`s Exact, Student T and Ordinal Logistic Regression by Generalized Estimating Equations tests in SPSS software. There were no significant differences in post-operative pain and tenderness between the groups at any observation period (p>.05). Photobiomodulation (beta=-0.77 / p=.01), time (beta=-0.23 / p<.01), and male gender (beta=-1.20 / p<.01) were associated with decreased post-operative pain. Only time (beta: -0.10; p<.01) and male gender (beta: -1.04; p<.01) were associated with decreased tenderness. For oedema and use of analgesics, there was no difference between the groups (p>.05). Photobiomodulation had no significant effect on post-operative pain, tenderness, oedema and the use of analgesics after root canal treatment with foraminal enlargement, in single-rooted teeth treated in a single visit. Register of Clinical Trials: NCT03704857. Research Ethics Committee: no 2.353.996 / CAAE 74185417.9.0000.5626.

Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia attenuates ischemic limb injury by promoting angiogenesis in mice.

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) against limb ischemic injury. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: limb ischemic injury group (Ischemia, induced by ligation and excision of the left femoral artery), limb ischemia following CIHH pretreatment group (CIHH+Ischemia, simulated a 5000 m altitude hypoxia, 6h per day for 28days, before induction of hind-limb ischemia), and sham group (Sham). The blood flow in the mouse models of hind-limb ischemia was examined using laser doppler imaging. The functional and morphological performance of ischemic muscle was evaluated using contraction force and hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Angiogenesis was determined by immunohistochemistry staining of the endothelial markers CD31 and CD34. The protein expressions of angiogenesis-related genes were detected using Western blot assay. Chronic ischemia resulted in reduced blood perfusion, decreased contraction tension, and morphological destruction in gastrocnemius muscle. CIHH pretreatment increased the contractile force and muscle fiber diameter and decreased necrosis and fibrosis of the ischemic muscle. Also, CIHH significantly increased the density of CD31+ and CD34+ cells and promoted the expression of angiogenesis-related molecules in ischemic muscle. These data demonstrate that CIHH has a protective effect against chronic limb ischemia by promoting angiogenesis.

Sericin Alleviates Thermal Stress Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior and Cognitive Impairment Through Regulation of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Heat-Shock Protein-70 in the Hippocampus.

Exposure to heat stress (HS) has adverse effects on brain function, leading to anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment. Sericin is a silk derived protein with various neurobiological activities. The present study has investigated the effects of sericin on anxiety and cognitive impairments, in HS-received mice. The adult male mice were exposed to HS (43 ºC, 15min once a day for 14days) and simultaneously treated with 100, 150, and 200mg/kg/day of sericin through oral gavage. Elevated plus-maze and Lashley III Maze tests were used to evaluate anxiety and learning and memory, respectively. The hippocampal BAX, BCL-2, caspase3, caspase9 and heat-shock protein-70 (HSP-70) were evaluated by western blotting and oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), super oxide dismutase (SOD) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were evaluated by spectroscopy method. The serum was collected for the analysis of the corticosterone levels. Treatment with sericin in higher doses reversed anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficit induced by HS. Moreover, heat exposure increased serum corticosterone, hippocampal MDA, apoptotic proteins and HSP-70 levels. Sericin administration decreased serum corticosterone and enhanced hippocampal antioxidant defense and attenuated apoptosis and HSP-70 levels. The results show that the protective effects of sericin against HS-mediated cognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior is possibly through suppressing HSP-70, oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Instant Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Osmotic Polymeric Film to Treat Sore Throat in Children

Background: Pharyngitis, a common viral throat infection in children, involving inflammation, widespread local bacterial contamination and tissue destruction. When clinical signs appear, the disease already became multifactorial. In the absence of any multitarget treatment, we conceived a new generation of topical, osmotic, anti-inflammatory, throat surface cleaning polymeric film, capable of detaching and draining throat surface contaminants nearly instantly. Material and methods: A glycerol and polymer containing osmotic film was prepared. Osmotic film attracts hypotonic liquid from the throat tissue, which detach and drain throat surface contaminants and create a favorable environment for cell growth and healing. Specific pro-inflammatory cytokine and virus glycoprotein binding polymers were incorporated in the film to suppress the inflammation. An observational, randomized, placebo-controlled study was performed after the approval of ethical committee on 30 children aged between (3-15), presenting symptoms of acute pharyngitis. After randomization, test product (n=20) and saline control (n=10) solutions were applied as 3-4 throat sprays 4-5 times / day for 15-days. Change in all the key pharyngitis symptom (difficulty swallowing, throat inflammation, irritation, redness, and bacterial deposit) were evaluated employing two-tailed Student’s test for followed by the post hoc Bonferroni’s test for comparisons of multiple groups Results: Only a few specific polymers were able to bind with viral proteins and/or cytokines in adequate filmogen concentrations. Throat surface cleaning and cytokine neutralization strongly decrease all the pharyngitis symptoms and need for antibiotic therapy compared to controls (p&lt;0.05 from day 3 onwards). No adverse effects were noted in any of the groups. Conclusion: Clinical results showed excellent efficacy and safety of osmotically active polymeric film. Polymeric drugs may represent an excellent multitarget treatment approach to minimize the use of antibiotics and chemical drugs in the future.

Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of Triphala toothwipes on oral Streptococcus mutans count in intellectually disabled children.

To evaluate antibacterial efficacy of Triphala toothwipes on oral Streptococcus mutans counts in intellectually disabled (ID) children. Twenty-seven children with a mild ID were randomly divided into two groups: A - Triphala and B - placebo group. Toothwipes were given to caregivers of children belonging to the respective groups, and were instructed to use them 1h after their meals, twice a day for 7days. Simplified Plaque index was recorded and plaque samples were collected for microbiological examination at baseline, 48h, and 7days. The obtained data were tabulated and analyzed. Triphala group showed a statistically significant reduction of S. mutans after 48h and 7days. Both Triphala and placebo groups showed a statistically significant reduction in dental plaque after 48h and 7days. Triphala toothwipes are effective against the oral S. mutans compared with placebo toothwipes, while both the toothwipes are equally effective in reducing dental plaque. Thus, Triphala toothwipes can be used as an adjunct aid along with routine oral hygiene practices in individuals who lack psychomotor skills or are dependent on others to maintain oral hygiene, including infants, preschoolers, geriatric population, and children with special health care needs.

Treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections in children: multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled randomized comparative clinical trial

The article presents the main results of a randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of Panavir®, rectal suppositories 100 μg, in children with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI).Characteristics of children and research methods. The trial included 40 children from 12 to 17 years old, the children were randomized into 2 groups: 20 children were treated with Panavir®, 1 rectal suppository per day for 7days, 20 children received placebo according to Panavir® regimen on the background of standard symptomatic therapy. The scientists monitored the efficacy criteria: the primary criteria: recovery time and the number of patients with successful treatment (normalization of axillary body temperature no later than 48 hours of therapy); the main secondary criteria: the timing of the normalization of body temperature, the disappearance of intoxication and catarrhal symptoms and satisfaction with the results of treatment by the parents /adoptive parents of patients on the IMPSS scale.Results. In the Group of Panavir®, the authors registered shorter mean recovery periods (4.5 days versus 7.4 days in the Group of Placebo), normalization of body temperature (39.1 hours versus 76.1 hours) and regression of intoxication manifestations (2.9 days versus 4.3 days) and catarrhal (3.4 days versus 5.6 days) syndromes (with statistical significance of intergroup differences). The treatment success was achieved in 85% of cases in the Panavir® Group versus 30% of cases in the Placebo Group; according to this criterion Panavir® exceeded placebo by at least 24.7%. At the end of the therapy course, 80% of the parents /adoptive parents were satisfied with the treatment results in the Panavir® Group versus 25% of cases in the Placebo Group. The authors determined a comparable incidence of adverse events in the Panavir® and Placebo Groups. There were no adverse events associated with the administration of Panavir®.Conclusion. This study established the efficacy and safety of Panavir® in the treatment of children of 12-17 years old with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections. This drug with a combined antiviral and immunomodulatory effect is promising for pediatric practice.

The administration of UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk by PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry increased body weight and did not increase estrogen hormone level in female albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain

Background: This study aimed to prove that administration of UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk by PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry increased body weight and estrogen levels in female albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain.&#x0D; Methods: This research was a true experimental with randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects were 18-female-albino-rats aged 21-days, weight 25-28 grams, divided into 2-groups: control group which was given standard food and sugar solution (0.36 grams of sugar dissolved in 1 ml aquadest), and intervention group which was given standard food and UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk 1 ml for the first 14-days and upgraded to 2 ml for the rest 14-days, given three times a day for 28-days. The rats body weight and estrogen levels were measured using Tanita-KD-192-digital-scales and ELISA method.&#x0D; Results: The control group had an increased body weight (26.2±1.2-66.1±5.94 grams; p&lt;0,001), but there was no change in estrogen levels (38.59±11.19-44.59±5.42 ng/L; p=0.217). Whereas, the intervention group had an increased body weight (25.77±0.83-85.33±10.24 grams; p=0.008), but there was no change in estrogen levels (39.91±3.73-42.66±2.24 ng/L; p=0.066). After 28-days of intervention (posttest), it was found that the mean of body weight in the intervention group was higher than the control group (p&lt;0.001), there was no significant difference in estrogen levels (p=0.339) and food intake from the remaining feed in both groups (0.51±0.81-0.36±0.55 grams; p=0.823).&#x0D; Conclusion: The administration of UltraMimi Kids® UHT milk by PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry increased body weight and did not increase estrogen hormone level in female albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain.

The protective effect of Naringenin against ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in rats.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a ubiquitous chronic disease with a growing incidence. We aimed to investigate the protective effect of naringenin against AR induced in rats. Thirty-two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of eight animals each. Group 1 represented the control group. The other 24 rats were sensitized with intraperitoneal 0.3mg ovalbumin (OVA) and 30mg aluminum hydroxide every other day for 14days to induce AR. Ten microliters OVA was administered to both nostrils by inhalation for the following seven days to provoke AR. Group 2 represented the AR group and received no treatment. Group 3 was treated as the reference group and received 5mg/kg desloratadine every day between days 15 and 21. Group 4 received 100mg/kg naringenin orally between days 15 and 21. All animal's sneezing and nasal itching scores were recorded on day 22. The rats were then sacrificed. Serum total IgE, IL4 and IL5 values were studied, and nasal structures were extracted 'en bloc' for histopathological examination. Significant clinical recovery was achieved in the group treated with naringenin. Serum total IgE, IL4 and IL5 values in the naringenin group were significantly lower than in the AR group, and significant histopathological improvement was observed compared to the AR group. Naringenin produced significant clinical, biochemical and histopathological benefits in rats with induced AR. These effects suggest that naringenin is a promising agent for the treatment of AR.

18F-FLT PET/CT imaging for early monitoring response to CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy in triple negative breast cancer.

Our study was to investigate 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging monitor the early response of CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines and corresponding subcutaneous tumor models in CB17-SCID mice were used. Cell viability assay, cell-cycle analysis, and western blotting were performed in vitro experiments. 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging was performed and the value of tumor/muscle (T/M) of mice was measured before and 1-3days after treatment in vivo experiments. Then, the tumor volume was recorded every day for 15days. In the presence of Palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor), the results of in vitro experiments showed that protein pRB and E2F levels were significantly down-regulated in MDA-MB-231 cells leading to G0/G1 arrest with consumption in S phase compared with MDA-MB-468 cells. In PET/CT imaging, the 18F-FLT T/M ratio of treatment group was a significant and sustained reduction from 1 to 3days (all p < 0.05) compared with control group in MDA-MB-231 section. However, there was no significant difference between treatment and control groups in MDA-MB-468 section. Compared with the control group, the tumor volume of the treatment group was significantly reduced from the 11th day in MDA-MB-231 section, but not in MDA-MB-468 section until 15days. 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging can immediately and effectively monitor the early treatment response of CDK4/6 inhibitors in TNBC.

Cerebrolysin after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: prospective meta-analysis of the CAPTAIN trial series.

This prospective meta-analysis summarizes results from the CAPTAIN trial series, evaluating the effects of Cerebrolysin for moderate-severe traumatic brain injury, as an add-on to usual care. The study included two phase IIIb/IV prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Eligible patients with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) between 6 and 12 received study medication (50mL of Cerebrolysin or physiological saline solution per day for ten days, followed by two additional treatment cycles with 10mL per day for 10days) in addition to usual care. The meta-analysis comprises the primary ensembles of efficacy criteria for 90, 30, and 10days after TBI with a priori ordered hypotheses based on multivariate, directional tests. A total 185 patients underwent meta-analysis (mean admission GCS = 10.3, mean age = 45.3, and mean Baseline Prognostic Risk Score = 2.8). The primary endpoint, a multidimensional ensemble of functional and neuropsychological outcome scales indicated a "small-to-medium" sized effect in favor of Cerebrolysin, statistically significant at Day30 and at Day90 (Day 30: MWcombined = 0.60, 95%CI 0.52 to 0.66, p = 0.0156; SMD = 0.31; OR = 1.69; Day 90: MWcombined = 0.60, 95%CI 0.52 to 0.68, p = 0.0146; SMD = 0.34, OR = 1.77). Treatment groups showed comparable safety and tolerability profiles. The meta-analysis of the CAPTAIN trials confirms the safety and efficacy of Cerebrolysin after moderate-severe TBI, opening a new horizon for neurorecovery in this field. Integration of Cerebrolysin into existing guidelines should be considered after careful review of internationally applicable criteria.

Ochratoxin A induces nephrotoxicity in vitro andin vivo via pyroptosis.

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a prevalent nephrotoxic mycotoxin contaminant in food and feedstuff, has been reported to induce renal injury. To disclose the nephrotoxicity of continuous administration of OTA and to investigate potential mechanisms related to pyroptosis, male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1.0 and 2.0mg/kg B.W. OTA every other day for 14days. At 2.0mg/kg B.W. OTA administration significantly increased histological injury and renal fibrosis molecules (α-SMA, Vimentin, TGF-β) and activated the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and induced pyroptosis compared with control. In the in vitro tests, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells were exposed to 0-4.0μg/ml OTA for 24h in serum-free medium. Data showed that OTA dose-dependently affected cell viability and significantly up-regulated renal fibrosis genes (α-SMA, Vimentin, TGF-β). 2.0μg/ml OTA significantly induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis, increasing the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and pyroptosis-related genes (GSDMD, IL-1β, IL-18) in MDCK cells. These outcomes were significantly abrogated after inhibiting NLRP3 activation with inhibitor MCC950 and silencing NLRP3 with small interfering RNA (siRNA). Furthermore, knockdown of caspase-1 also ameliorated OTA-induced renal fibrosis via the inhibition of pyroptosis. Collectively, the chosen doses of OTA-triggered nephrotoxicity through NLRP3 inflammasome activation and caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis both in vitro and in vivo.

Effect of Acetamiprid on spatial memory and hippocampal glutamatergic system.

Acetamiprid (ACE) is one of the widely used neonicotinoid insecticides. In mammals, in spite of the low-affinity nAChRs, neurotoxic effects following the Acetamiprid exposure have recently been reported, which suggests some concerns regarding the impacts on the nervous system of mammals. This study aims to investigate the effect of Acetamiprid on spatial memory and possible vulnerability of hippocampal glutamatergic system following the Acetamiprid exposure. 10, 20, and 40mg/kg doses of Acetamiprid were administered to male rats by gavage once per day for 28days. The spatial memory was examined with the Morris water maze apparatus. The amount of Acetamiprid in the serum and hippocampus was measured. In addition, glutamate level and changes in the expression of NR1, NR2, and NR2B genes were measured in the hippocampus; also, the hippocampus tissue was histologically evaluated. A significant increase in training parameters which consist of escape latency and traveled distance was observed on the first and second day of training in Acetamiprid-treated groups (20 and 40mg/kg) compared to the control group (p < 0.001). In the probe test, rats in all Acetamiprid-treated groups significantly spent less time in the target quadrant compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Acetamiprid concentration dose dependently increased in the serum and in the hippocampus followed by Acetamiprid exposure. In all Acetamiprid-treated groups, a significant reduction of glutamate level in the hippocampus was observed (p < 0.05). The reduction of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B gene expression in the hippocampus was observed at a dose of 20mg/kg. The histological evaluation showed neural degeneration in the dentate gyrus area of the hippocampus at a dose of 40mg/kg in the Acetamiprid-treated group. The results of the present study indicate that Acetamiprid impairs memory consolidation through the reduction of glutamate and the expression of NMDA receptor subunits in the hippocampus at low doses, along with the loss of neural cells in dentate gyrus at high dose.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Daily Psychological Processes in Family Caregivers: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 24-week aerobic exercise training program on daily psychological processes and occurrence of stressors in a group of previously physically underactive family caregivers of patients with dementia. As part of the Fitness, Aging, and STress (FAST) randomized controlled trial, 68 participants (F = 55; M = 13) were randomized to either a staff-supported, 24-week aerobic training (N = 34) program or waitlist control (N = 34) group. Approximately 2weeks prior to randomization, ecological momentary assessments were completed 6 times per day for 7days and again in the 24th week of the trial to assess exposure to levels of momentary positive affect, negative affect, rumination, control, and the occurrence of stressors throughout the day. These secondary analyseswith data from 56 of the participants revealed that the intervention group showed a significantly larger increase in daily positive affect and perceptions of control compared to control participants over the course of the intervention. A treatment effect was also found for negative affect and rumination, whereby both decreased to a greater extent in the intervention group when compared with participants in the control condition. The 24-week aerobic training program had significant impacts on daily psychological processes in family caregivers, deepening our understanding of the robust effects of exercise on mental health.