Dawn Of Humanity Research Articles

Tingimento de Tecidos de Algodão com Corantes Naturais Acafrão (Curcúma) e Urucum

Natural dyes are used since the dawn of humanity, but were gradually replaced by synthetic ones, which, albeit practical, have a high impacting effect on the environment. Current study identifies the best methods in dyeing cotton fabrics with the natural dyes, turmeric and annatto, in order to obtain more consistent color tones and lower color release through fixatives with no impact on the environment. The best dyeing method in both cases was achieved by boiling in distilled water. The most efficient modants were vinegar and sea salt in quantities specified in the methods.

The JCMS Annual Review Lecture Sustainable Integration: Towards EU 2.0?

Many in Europe today feel that we are hovering on the brink of chaos. We have managed collectively to disrupt the fragile equilibrium of our ecosystem, in place since the dawn of humanity. The storms of global capitalism strike with unprecedented force in every corner of the globe, leaving much human debris in their wake. And nuclear Armageddon seems only marginally less implausible than it was half a century ago. However, today’s general malaise is but a glimpse of what is to be expected in 20 years – looming wars over resources like oil, water and clean air, hunger or disease on an unprecedented scale, masses of refugees fleeing man-made and natural disasters, exploding inequalities and global imbalances as the world population rises towards the nine billion mark. On our continent itself, the view ahead to 2030 is no less gloomy: the aspirations of today’s youth swamped by inter-generational debt, the young

The Science of Music Rehumanizing Medicine: Scientists and Musicians Discover the Importance of Their Collaboration

Since the dawn of humanity, music has been perceived as ben- eficial to health. Numerous are the examples of cultures and populations who throughout the ages used music as therapy. The millenary-old intuition is not lost today. In a recent survey of patients and their families performed at a major medical cen- ter, the vast majority of the surveyed responded they believed strongly that music in the hospital enhanced their quality of life (Aboussouan, Jukic, & Che mali, 2009)...

Darwin on woman

In his 1871 book The Descent of Man, Darwin exposed the idea of sexual selection as a major principle of human evolution. His main hypothesis, which was already briefly presented in The Origin of Species, is that there exists, besides “natural selection”, another form of selection, milder in its effect, but no less efficient. This selection is operated by females to mate and reproduce with some partners that are gifted with more qualities than others, and more to their taste. At more evolved stages, sexual selection was exerted by men who became able to choose the women most attractive to their taste. However, Darwin insists, sexual selection in the human species is limited by a certain number of cultural practices. If Darwin's demonstration sometimes carried the prejudices of his times regarding gender differences he was the first who took into account the importance of sexual choices in his view on evolution, and who insisted on the evolutionary role of women at the dawn of humanity. Thus, he opened the space for a rich reflection, which after him was widely developed and discussed in anthropological and gender studies.

« Deep-Purple » : un cas d’hémoptysie lors d’une plongée en apnée

Breath-hold diving has been practised since the dawn of humanity but is open to many risks. The consequences mainly involve the respiratory system. The pathophysiological mechanisms are complex because of the multiple forces applied to the body during breath-hold diving. The case reported here describes the development of haemoptysis during a single breath-hold dive to a depth of 26 m, associated with acute alveolar haemorrhage. Recovery was spontaneous. This event is rarely described and, although often associated with the more frequently reported pulmonary oedema of immersion, the mechanisms remain uncertain, but definitely multifactorial (barotrauma, thoracic blood transfer) and probably enhanced by deconditioning. All this emphasizes the extraordinary stresses that the alveolo-capillary membrane is subject to under these circumstances.

Water in the Early Earth

The origin of water is a long standing problem that has fascinated generations of philosophers and scientists since the dawn of humanity. It has to do with processes that took place in the nascent solar system, but, unfortunately, we lack record of what really happened during this dark age. On Earth, the tectonic activity has erased completely any record dating back from this period, and the oldest rocks preserved on Earth crystallized about 600 Ma after start of solar system condensation (ASSC). What we observe today does not represent necessarily what was present when the solar system formed, and it may well be possible that the true water ancestors could have had chemical and isotopic characteristics that are not observed in any reservoir of the present-day solar system. However, the extraterrestrial objects that escaped planetary differentiation (chondrites, comets, interplanetary dust) are probably the best available precursor candidates for the source of volatile elements in Earth. In this context, the nature of such potential contributions can be estimated in view of chemical and isotopic mass balance, taking into account astrophysical and/or thermodynamic constraints on planetary system formation. The Earth is not a water-rich body. Water at the Earth’s surface (1.5 × 1024 g), mostly in the oceans, makes about 0.025% H2O over the whole Earth (5.97 × 1027 g). Most estimates for the mantle water content advocate a few ocean masses, so that the bulk water content of Earth may be <0.2% H2O (see the “Potential Water Contributors” section in this chapter). For comparison, carbonaceous chondrites contain up to 10% equivalent water (Boato 1954; Robert and Epstein 1982; Kerridge 1985) and comets have up to 50% H2O (Delsemme 1988). Thus the contribution of only a small fraction of such water-rich bodies …

Lothagam: The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa

Lothagam: The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa. Meave G. Leakey and John M. Harris (eds). 2003. Columbia University Press, New York, 688 p., cloth, ISBN 0-231-11870-8. The fossil site known as Lothagam lies west of the southern end of Lake Turkana (formerly Lake Rudolf) in northern Kenya. The Turkana Basin is famous for its paleontological, paleoanthropological, and archeological records from both east and west of this large lake in the eastern part of the rift system. The Plio-Pleistocene outcrops have been the focus of important research in early hominid taxonomy and evolution, subsistence behavior of early hominids, the tempo and mode of evolution in lacustrine gastropods, vertebrate taphonomy, and mammalian faunal turnover, as well as basic systematic paleontology of terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates. Lothagam is a more restricted area (∼60 km2 of outcrop) and its strata are older—late Miocene to early Pliocene, overlain unconformably by Quaternary sands, gravels, and coquinas. Only a handful of African sites document this time period that includes the Messinian salinity crisis and major floral and faunal changes in many parts of the world. Thus, this monograph is a welcome publication for those who work on the later Neogene, and for paleoanthropologists interested in the ecological context of basal hominids. Paleontological work began at Lothagam in 1967 under Bryan Patterson and continued sporadically until 1989, when Meave Leakey and John Harris co-led interdisciplinary research teams in five field seasons to document the geology, geochronology, paleontology, paleoanthropology, and isotope geochemistry of the sediments and faunas. This monograph covers primarily the results of these field seasons from 1989 to 1993, although there are frequent references to results from the earlier field work. The early field seasons retrieved over 500 specimens, including many vertebrate fossils. The fauna documented in the monograph is based on about 1,500 described …

Lothagam: the dawn of humanity in eastern Africa

Lothagam: the dawn of humanity in eastern Africa

HAND AND FOOT SYMBOLISMS: FROM ROCK ART TO THE QUR' ĀN

AbstractWedded to creativity and spirituality since the dawn of humanity, the symbolisms of the hand and the foot have assumed many religious and artistic forms. This essay explores the artistic and religious significance of the hand and foot in the prehistoric rock art of North Africa and Arabia and examines their various ethnographic and mythological expressions in historical times. It then shows how these symbolisms were restructured in the Qur' n to fit a strictly iconoclastic monotheism. It is a multidisciplinary approach to a collective consciousness that finds its roots in an Afroasiatic substrate and its expression in the artistic and linguistic traditions of the eastern and southern coasts of the Mediterranean.

Animals for work, recreation and sports

Since the dawn of humanity, animals have been used for work, be it for agricultural production or for improving social status. But over the past century, with increasing mechanisation, the animal work force has dwindled in developed countries, whereas they still contribute enormously towards fuel energy economy in most developing countries. The use of animals for sport or for recreational purposes is also an age-old practice but it has taken on significantly greater economic importance in the past decades. Such use of animals for work, sport or recreation has to be recognised as playing a pivotal role in global resource management. An attempt is made here to present some of the physiological consequences of work or exercise in animals used as a labour force or for sport and the ecological implications of the exploitation of animals for recreation purposes.

The lore and lure of Rhine gold

Gold in its varions forms, natural and otherwise, has been in the service of mankind since the dawn of humanity. The lure of gold lies at the root of many myths and legends that have arisen throughout the ages. This article contrasts the Rhine gold legend with the realities of winning alluvial gold from the river.

People or Markets: Some Thoughts on Culture and Corporations in the University of the Twenty-First Century

Sitting in the dentist's office last spring, I glanced at the March issue of Time magazine. On the cover was an illustration of a hominid face identified as Homo erectus and the words, How Man Began: Fossil Bones from the Dawn of Humanity Are Rewriting the Story of Evolution. My reading of the cover story revealed, however, that it was not bones that were responsible for this revisionist history but the ideology of the marketplace. For in his description of the evidence that produced a shift from an out of Africa theory to a more global multiregional hypothesis, the author explains that humanity arrived by way of competition for survival in several territories. As he puts it:

Tasmania and the constitution of ‘the dawn of humanity’

Tasmania and the constitution of ‘the dawn of humanity’

Rethinking Polygyny: Co-Wives, Codes, and Cultural Systems [and Comments and Reply

Rethinking Polygyny: Co-Wives, Codes, and Cultural Systems [and Comments and Reply

Herbal therapy in the treatment of drug use.

The use of herbs in the treatment of substance abuse is a relatively new phenomenon, although the practice of herbalism goes back to the dawn of humanity. Herbs are natural botanical substances which have noticeable effects on the human organism. Throughout history man has used herbs for nutritional and healing purposes as well as for getting high. Most current treatment programs for substance abusers take into account only a small portion of the healing spectrum (e.g., psychological counseling, methadone, self-help, therapeutic community). There is a growing awareness of and concern to develop programs for substance abusers which utilize a holistic approach to deal with the mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual problems accompanying substance abuse. The purpose of this article is to review the use of herbal therapy in the treatment of drug abusers. An annotated bibliography is provided.

Literary Invention and the Impulse to Theoretical Change: "Or Whether Revolution Be the Same"

T HE DESIRE TO universalize our experience, to affirm the unity of being over the ever-changing variety of becoming, is as old as the philosophic urge, an urge we have known since the dawn of humanity as thinking creatures. Trapped within what our own experience permits us to see, we retain the need-as old as Plato's in his war against the Sophists-to try to account for what we must believe is outside those limits, ready to be experienced by everyone. But the philosophic urge in us seems opposed by what Bergson saw as the temporal flow of our experience, which is constantly differentiating itself, except that the universalizing impulse wants to prevent us from seeing that differentness. So we tend to reify the common elements we presume to find, treating them as universals that enable us to freeze the ever-changing flow of experience, and then we congratulate ourselves for our philosophic perspicacity. But this universalizing is exclusively spatial because the very notion of time and its changes is enemy to the desire of our intellect to contain and give structure to the varieties of historical experience. Indeed, the intrusion of a precise and discriminating historical consciousness has long been a deconstructive act, because in introducing change it gives the lie to our universalizing ambition by relativizing it, that is, by subjecting it to its place within our necessarily partial and contingent perspective. Change thus makes of our universal claims no more than creatures of our historically determined needs; it reduces theoretical grandeur, built on a single, time-defying, all-inclusive structure, to the culture-bound relativism of permanent revolution. In the realm of pure temporality it is as hard to clutch at a constant as it was way back in the realm of paradox ruled by Zeno. For when it comes to our grasping at solid things, the realm of temporality is the realm of paradox.