Statistical Database Research Articles

A long-term perspective on collecting Indian agricultural statistics: reviewing the purposes, methods, and implications for Indian development policy

This article adopts a long-term perspective to examine Indian agricultural data: from crop yields for estimating food output, the examination of food prices and wages for calculating income and living standards, to the status of food consumption to ascertain hunger and malnutrition. The focus will be on the evaluation of how the new statistical data collection methods that emerged in the early decades of twentieth century have impacted the field of development economics in India. It makes the case that the emergence of survey methods data that were initially created by officials and later on by professionals employed in institutions in India were novel and began to gain attention in the international sphere. It proceeds to underline the importance of these statistical databases for identifying the minimum standard of living to escape poverty as an important measure for ascertaining how national development strategy could reduce poverty and hunger and also shows that these databases proved to be a core resource for unpicking recent puzzles regarding food and nutrition levels among the poorer sections of society. Additionally, the article engages with more recent estimation methods where survey-based agricultural statistical databases have been incorporated in multi-scalar indices alongside meteorological and ecological data to create more informative agricultural databases to advance the objective of sustainable agricultural development in India.

Survival Probability of Tourist Accommodation Establishments in Romania in Relation to the Action of Some Relevant Factors

The units with tourist functions in Romania have a variable duration of activity resulting from the actions of different factors, but which can be analysed mathematically through survival analysis models. The number of establishments offering accommodation for tourism purposes in Romania exceeds 22,000, and the data indicated by the Ministry of Economy, Entrepreneurship and Tourism on the companies that manage them are the inputs of the study. These allowed for the creation of a statistical database showing the total operating time from establishment to the present or to the cessation of activity. Grouping was carried out according to the type of establishment, the location of the companies in rural or urban areas, their belonging to a geographical region of Romania and classification according to the comfort category. The drawing up of evolution curves describing the probability of survival of the establishments, distinctly for the groups mentioned, and the statistical analysis to establish the significance of the differences between the groups provide information that allows for determining and understanding how certain factors influence the chances of survival of the tourist establishment. The type of accommodation unit, the region of development in which the unit is located and the category of comfort are the factors that have a statistically significant influence on the probability of survival of these units. The location of tourism units in rural or urban areas is not a relevant factor. Knowledge of the actions of these factors allows for optimising the measures taken at the start of an activity in the tourism industry. These can result in improving the survivability of tourism. Sustainable tourism involves developing and supporting different forms of tourism by implementing activity management at both the accommodation unit level and at the locality, regional or whole tourist area level. The survival and continuity of the tourism business on the market and, at the same time, respect for the natural, social and economic integrity of the environment can ensure the rational exploitation of natural and cultural resources for future generations.

Comparative Advantage of Trade in Food Products among the Selected East African Community Partner States: Implication for Policy Formulation

Despite the potential benefits of regional trade, economic disparities among East African Community (EAC) member states persist. This study investigated the relationship between trade openness, comparative advantage in food trade, and economic performance within the EAC, focusing on Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. The study adopted export data from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database, the World Bank, and the International Trade Centre, as well as GDP data from the Bank of Tanzania and the National Bureau of Statistics. Data were analysed through descriptive statistics, causality analysis, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and vector autoregressive model. Findings reveal a positive impact of trade openness on Tanzania’s economy but negative impacts on Kenya and Uganda, suggesting Tanzania benefits from EAC integration while Kenya and Uganda face trade challenges. The causality analysis shows that Tanzania’s economic performance drives food exports, trade openness impacts Kenya’s economic performance significantly, and Uganda sees a reciprocal link between economic growth and food exports; however, trade openness does not significantly affect Ugandan economic growth. The analysis of the Balassa index indicates Kenya’s food export advantage, a decline in Uganda’s export advantage since 1996, and Tanzania’s lack of export advantage with potential for improvement. The study recommends cautiously implementing trade openness policies within the EAC to prevent trade distortions and currency devaluation.

International and domestic crime statistics indicators of sexual crimes

Aim: In this study, the Author reviews the criminal statistics indicators of sexual crimes. Sexual crimes can be grouped according to several classification systems – for example, the age of the victims, or the method of execution, or in light of whether they are committed with violence. Based on the latter, distinguished between violent and non-violent situations – a good example of the former is the crime of sexual violence, while the latter is child pornography. The analysis of the statistical data provides insight into how and to what extent the prevalence of sexual crime develops, as well as how and with what prevention campaigns these frequency indicators can be reduced. Methodology: In the study, the Author makes a statistical presentation, the sources of which are international and domestic crime statistics databases. Findings: Although the number of proceedings initiated for sexual crimes in Hungary can be considered average for the Central and Eastern European region, the numbers of cases detected are still at high levels. In order for these cases to decrease, programs are needed that effectively combat the effects of sexual violence myths, the fear of victim blaming, and stigmatisation. Value: This study is an overview that aims to present a complex statistical point of sexual crimes, which can serve as a basis for further comparative analyses.

Exploring the pathways accounting: Foreign direct investment as a catalyst for idiosyncratic risk, sectoral GDP, economic activity, and economic growth

This study examines the interaction between foreign direct investment (FDI), idiosyncratic risk, sectoral GDP, economic activity, and economic growth in ASEAN countries using structural equation modeling (SEM) performed using AMOS software. The analysis uses data from the ASEAN Statistics Database 2023 to distinguish the significant direct and indirect impacts of FDI on idiosyncratic risks, sectoral GDP, economic activity and aggregate economic growth can. ASEAN, which includes ten Southeast Asian countries, has experienced rapid economic growth and increasing integration in recent decades, making it an interesting area to study these relationships. The study covers a comprehensive period to capture trends and differences among ASEAN member states. Applying SEM with AMOS allows a detailed examination of complex relationships between important economic variables. The results show a clear link between FDI inflows, idiosyncratic risks, industry GDP performance, economic activity, and overall economic growth. More specifically, FDI inflows have a notable direct influence on idiosyncratic risks, which then impact GDP growth by sector, and the level of economic activity and ultimately contribute to economic growth trends. economy more broadly in ASEAN countries. These findings highlight the importance of understanding and effectively managing the dynamics between FDI and various economic indicators to promote sustainable economic development across ASEAN. This information can inform policymakers, investors, and stakeholders in developing targeted strategies and policies that maximize the benefits of FDI while minimizing related risks to promote strong and inclusive economic growth in the region. This study highlights the multifaceted relationships in the ASEAN economic context, emphasizing the need for strategic interventions and policy frameworks to exploit the potential of foreign investment directed at ASEAN, to the Sustainable Development Goals and long-term economic prosperity in the region.

International and domestic crime statistics indicators of sexual crimes

Aim: In this study, the Author reviews the criminal statistics indicators of sexual crimes. Sexual crimes can be grouped according to several classification systems – for example, the age of the victims, or the method of execution, or in light of whether they are committed with violence. Based on the latter, distinguished between violent and non-violent situations – a good example of the former is the crime of sexual violence, while the latter is child pornography. The analysis of the statistical data provides insight into how and to what extent the prevalence of sexual crime develops, as well as how and with what prevention campaigns these frequency indicators can be reduced. Methodology: In the study, the Author makes a statistical presentation, the sources of which are international and domestic crime statistics databases. Findings: Although the number of proceedings initiated for sexual crimes in Hungary can be considered average for the Central and Eastern European region, the numbers of cases detected are still at high levels. In order for these cases to decrease, programs are needed that effectively combat the effects of sexual violence myths, the fear of victim blaming, and stigmatisation. Value: This study is an overview that aims to present a complex statistical point of sexual crimes, which can serve as a basis for further comparative analyses.

Expose to volatile organic compounds is associated with increased risk of depression: A cross-sectional study

With increasing prevalence rate of depression by years, more attention has been paid to the influence of environmental pollutants on depression, but relationship between exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and depression is rarely studied. Therefore, this cross-sectional study use the National Center for Health Statistics (NHANES) database (2013–2016 years) to explore association between exposure to multiple VOCs and depression in general population. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between urinary VOC metabolism (mVOCs) and depression. To further analyze effect of multiple mVOCs mixed exposure, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were performed. A total of 3240 participants and 16 mVOCs were included in the analysis. Results showed that 10 mVOCs exposure were positively correlated with depression by multiple linear and logistic regression models, especially CYMA and MHBMA3, which also showed significant positive association with depression in BKMR model. Mixed exposure of multiple mVOCs was significantly positively correlated with depression. Gender differences were existed in effects of some VOCs concentrations on depression. AAMA, CYMA and MA had significant positive correlations with depression by women, and DHBMA had significant positive correlations with depression by men. Hence, this study showed that exposing to VOCs might have negative impacts on depression, and impact of CYMA and MHBMA3 on depression may be more evident, which provide new ideas for prevention and control of depression. But further research and exploration are needed to clarify the mechanism and influence factors of this relationship, to demonstrate the reliability of these relationship.

Cervical muscular dystonia. Modern approaches to treatment

Cervical dystonia is a disease of the nervous system characterized by forcible discoordinated abnormal postures of the head and neck. There are several approaches to the treatment of dystonia: conservative drug treatment, botulinum therapy and neurosurgery. The latter includes deep brain stimulation, radiofrequency ablation, focused ultrasound, gamma knife. Literature data on this problem from open statistical and information databases such as Web of Science, PUBMED, Movement Disorders Society; International Association of Parkinsonism and Related Disorders were analyzed. Through a comparative approach, the advantages and disadvantages of modern approaches and interventions used in the treatment of cervical dystonia are noted. Among the modern methods of treating cervical dystonia, there are a large number of approaches that improve the methods of managing such patients. This review allowed us to summarize the experience of their application. A significant growth of abilities of stereotactic techniques used in the treatment of cervical dystonia was also noted.

A novel data-characteristic-driven modeling approach for imputing missing value in industrial statistics: A case study of China electricity statistics

As a direct reference tool to reflect the operational status and development level of national industry, industrial statistics hold significant value for numerous systematic studies. Nevertheless, it is crucial to recognize that the quality of these statistics can be compromised by the common occurrence of missing value. This issue poses a substantial challenge for analyzing and utilizing industrial statistics, impeding progress in tasks reliant upon them. Given the severity of the missing value problem in industrial statistical databases and the limitations of existing literatures on missing value imputation in terms of research objects and modeling approaches, this paper proposes a novel missing value imputation modeling approach for single-indicator panels of industrial statistics based on the idea of data-characteristic-driven (DCD). Accordingly, taking the inter-provincial “monthly power generation” data from China as an example, the imputation model was constructed and its validity was tested under different imputed objects (Jiangsu and Jilin), different missing types (continuous and discrete), and different missing rates (5%, 10% and 20%) respectively. The results indicate that the proposed DCD modeling approach in this paper exhibits excellent efficacy. The imputation model, constructed based on the data characteristic of the imputed object, demonstrates clear advantages in handling missing value with different missing types and rates. This is evident in its superior consideration of numerical accuracy, directional accuracy, and imputation stability, resulting in an outstanding comprehensive imputation effect.

Cancer Doesn't Know the Day of the Week: Temporal Trends in Day of Death.

Studies support the existence of psychosomatic phenomena that enable critically ill patients to postpone death until a specific event. We assessed for this effect in cancer by examining variability in deaths at the month and weekend levels using the National Center for Health Statistics database. We found that deaths from cancer were not uniformly distributed temporally. There was a relative 3.3% difference death rate between the peak on Saturday and nadir on Monday, and relative 10.2% difference in rate of death between the peak of deaths in January and nadir in February. The "weekend effect" could be present in 1 in 200 cancer deaths and the "holiday effect" in 1 in 100 cancer deaths. Temporal variation may reflect a small portion of patients are able to "hold on" for a limited amount of time. This uneven distribution of cancer deaths highlights the importance of improving communication and facilitating end-of-life discussions.

Religious involvement in the context of public moral standards and sustainable social development – A case study of Polish voivodeships

The manuscript analyzes the spatial distribution, relationships and statistical dependence between religious involvement vs. the observance of public moral norms, and between religious involvement vs. sustainable social development as the main criterion and based on indirect criteria such as demographics, education, social welfare, health, public security, housing, social engagement, and the labor market. The study was conducted in Polish voivodeships, which represent the highest level of territorial division, and data for analyses were obtained from public statistical databases. The phenomena were examined with the use of synthetic variables, whereas composite indicators were determined by Hellwig's method. The study revealed considerable variations in the magnitude of the examined phenomena across Polish regions and the absence of significant correlations between religious involvement vs. the observance of public moral norms and sustainable social development as the main criterion. High values of indirect criteria are associated with regional development. Positive relationships were also observed between religiosity and selected indirect criteria.

Incidence and survival of pediatric and adult hepatocellular carcinoma, United States, 2001–2020

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma accounts for approximately 80 % of liver neoplasms. Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma ranks as the third most lethal cancer, with the number of deaths expected to further increase by 2040. In adults, disparities in incidence and survival are well described while pediatric epidemiology is not well characterized. We describe incidence and survival for pediatric (ages 0–19 years) hepatocellular carcinoma cases and compare these measures to adults (ages ≥ 20 years) diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma. MethodsWe assessed incidence data from the US Cancer Statistics database during 2003–2020 and 5-year survival from the National Program of Cancer Registries during 2001–2019. Incidence trends were determined by annual percent change (APC) and average APC (AAPC) using joinpoint regression. Five-year survival was evaluated by relative survival, and all-cause survival was estimated using multivariate Cox modeling. Corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for all analyses. ResultsIncidence rate per 100,000 persons was 0.056 (95 %CI:0.052–0.060) for pediatric cases and 7.793 (7.767–7.819) for adults. Incidence was stable in the pediatric population (0.3 AAPC, − 1.1 to 1.7). In contrast, after periods of increase, incidence declined in adults after 2015 (-1.5 APC). Relative survival increased over time for both pediatric and adult ages and was higher for children and adolescents (46.4 %, 95 %CI:42.4–50.3) than adults (20.7 %, 95 %CI:20.5–20.9). Regression modeling showed that non-Hispanic Black race and ethnicity was associated with higher risk of death in children and adolescents (1.48, 95 %CI:1.07–2.05) and adults (1.11, 95 %CI:1.09–1.12) compared to non-Hispanic white race and ethnicity. ConclusionsBetween 2003 and 2020 in the United States, pediatric incidence was stable while incidence in adults began to decline after 2015. Survival was higher across all stages for children and adolescents compared to adults. Non-Hispanic Black race and ethnicity showed a higher risk of death for both age groups. Further studies could explore the factors that influence these outcome disparities.

Impacts of Trade Flows on Household Welfare During Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from OECD Countries

While there are studies examining the relationship between COVID-19 policies and international trade, there is still limited evidence examining the relationships between international trade and household welfare during the COVID-19 pandemic. To fill this gap, this study examined the presupposed associations between international trade and household welfare in OECD countries. The study applies the fixed effects regression method to analyze panel data compiled from the UN COMTRADE and the OECD Social and Welfare Statistics databases. The findings reveal that international trade flows show significant associations with various aspects of household welfare indicators including unemployment rate, labor underutilization rate and household savings. Furthermore, the results show that the COVID-19 pandemic had significant effects on labor underutilization, household consumption, and household savings. Policy recommendations are addressed based on the key findings.

СВЕДЕНИЯ ПО ЧАСТОТАМ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ АВАРИЙНЫХ СОБЫТИЙ НА ОБЪЕКТАХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА И ОБРАЩЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА

The research is devoted to solving the problem of risk assessment at hydrogen-containing gas production and handling facilities by obtaining calculated data on the frequencies of realisation of accidental events on the basis of statistical data on accidents at the facilities under consideration depending on the type of equipment of the facilities, the industry area and the striking effect. In this work, the collection, processing, verification, analysis of statistical data on the objects of production and circulation of hydrogen-containing gas, obtained from the official Hydrogen incidents and accidents database (HIAD 2.1), created by the European commission for hydrogen safety. On the basis of data analysis the frequencies of accident events realisation were obtained depending on the type of facility equipment, industry area and the impact effect on hydrogen-containing gas production and handling facilities.

Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Neonatal Mortality in the US

ImportanceNeonatal mortality is a major public health concern that was potentially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. To prepare for future health crises, it is important to investigate whether COVID-19 pandemic–related interventions were associated with changes in neonatal mortality.ObjectiveTo investigate whether social distancing during the pandemic was associated with a higher neonatal mortality rate.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study examined maternal-linked birth and infant death records from the National Center for Health Statistics, a population-level US database, from 2016 through 2020. The mortality rates were correlated using machine learning–based autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models with the social distancing index (SDI). The reference period was January 2016 through February 2020, and the pandemic period was March through December 2020. Statistical analysis was performed from March 2023 to May 2024.ExposuresSDI, computed from 6 mobility metrics.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was neonatal mortality rate, defined as death at age less than 28 days.ResultsThe study included 18 011 173 births, of which 15 136 596 were from the reference period (7 753 555 [51.22%] male; 11 643 094 [76.92%] with maternal age of 20 to 34 years) and 2 874 577 were from the pandemic period (1 472 539 [51.23%] male; 2 190 158 [76.19%] with maternal age of 20 to 34 years). Through ARIMA-adjusted analyses, accounting for the declining mortality trend in the reference period, the mortality rates during the pandemic period did not significantly differ from the expected rates. SDI did not exhibit significant correlations with neonatal mortality (unadjusted: correlation coefficient [CC], 0.14 [95% CI, −0.53 to 0.70]; ARIMA adjusted: CC, 0.29 [95% CI, −0.41 to 0.77]), early neonatal mortality (unadjusted: CC, 0.33 [95% CI, −0.37 to 0.79]; ARIMA adjusted: CC, 0.45 [95% CI, −0.24 to 0.84]), and infant mortality (unadjusted: CC, −0.09 [95% CI, −0.68 to 0.57]; ARIMA adjusted: CC, 0.35 [95% CI, −0.35 to 0.80]). However, lag analyses found that SDI was associated with higher neonatal and early neonatal mortality rates with a 2-month lag period, but not with infant mortality rate. SDI was also associated with increases in 22-to-27 weeks’ and 28-to-32 weeks’ preterm delivery with a 1-month lag period.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this population-level study of National Center for Health Statistics databases, neonatal, early neonatal, and infant mortality rates did not increase during the initial COVID-19 pandemic period. However, associations were observed between the pandemic period social distancing measures and higher rates of neonatal and early neonatal mortality, as well as preterm birth rate with a lag period, suggesting the importance of monitoring infant health outcomes following pandemic-related population behavior changes.

Racial and ethnic disparities in gallbladder cancer: A two-decade analysis of incidence and mortality rates in the US.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive malignancy that is usually diagnosed at a late stage. Prior data showed increasing incidence of GBC in the US. However, little is known about race/ethnic-specific incidence and mortality trends of GBC per stage at diagnosis. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a time-trend analysis of GBC incidence and mortality rates categorized by race/ethnicity and stage-at-diagnosis. Age-adjusted GBC incidence and mortality rates were calculated using SEER*Stat software from the United States Cancer Statistics database (covers ~98% of US population between 2001 and 2020) and NCHS (covers ~100% of the US population between 2000 and 2020) databases, respectively. Race/Ethnic groups were Non-Hispanic-White (NHW), Non-Hispanic-Black (NHB), Hispanic, Non-Hispanic-Asian/Pacific-Islander (NHAPI), and Non-Hispanic-American-Indian/Alaska-Native (NHAIAN). Stage-at-diagnoses were all stages, early, regional, and distant stages. Joinpoint regression was used to generate time-trends [annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC)] with parametric estimations and a two-sided t-test (p-value cut-off 0.05). 76,873 patients were diagnosed with GBC with decreasing incidence rates in all races/ethnicities except NHB who experienced an increasing trend between 2001 and 2014 (APC = 2.08, p < 0.01) and plateauing afterward (APC = -1.21, p = 0.31); (AAPC = 1.03, p = 0.03). Among early-stage tumors (9927 patients), incidence rates were decreasing only in Hispanic (AAPC = -4.24, p = 0.006) while stable in other races/ethnicities (NHW: AAPC = -2.61, p = 0.39; NHB: AAPC = -1.73, p = 0.36). For regional-stage tumors (29,690 patients), GBC incidence rates were decreasing only in NHW (AAPC = -1.61, p < 0.001) while stable in other races/ethnicities (NHB: AAPC = 0.73, p = 0.34; Hispanic: AAPC = -1.58, p = 0.24; NHAPI: AAPC = -1.22, p = 0.07). For distant-stage tumors (31,735 patients), incidence rates were increasing in NHB (AAPC = 2.72, p < 0.001), decreasing in Hispanic (AAPC = -0.64, p = 0.04), and stable in NHW (AAPC = 0.07, p = 0.84) and NHAPI (AAPC = 0.79, p = 0.13). There were 43,411 deaths attributed to GBC with decreasing mortality rates in all races/ethnicities except NHB who experienced a stable trend (AAPC = 0.25, p = 0.25). Nationwide data over the last two decades show that NHB patients experienced increasing GBC incidence between 2001 and 2014 followed by stabilization of the rates. This increase was driven by late-stage tumors and occurred in the first decade. NHB also experienced non-improving GBC mortality, compared to other race and ethnic groups who had decreasing mortality. This can be due to lack of timely-access to healthcare leading to delayed diagnosis and worse outcomes. Future studies are warranted to investigate contributions to the revealed racial and ethnic disparities, especially in NHB, to improve early detection.

Militarization of the Ukrainian Publishing Market During the Russo-Ukrainian War since 2014

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the article is to analyse the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war, which has been ongoing since 2014, on the Ukrainian publishing industry and to characterize the transformations that the book market has undergone as a result of the full-scale invasion in 2022. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The article examines the transformations that have taken place in book media as a result of the military conflict. The research used bibliographic searches, statistical research, the comparative method, desktop research, as well as the methods of typology, observation, generalization and analogy. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The events of Russia’s war against Ukraine have become a serious challenge for the Ukrainian media system and have impacted the book publishing industry in particular. Therefore, changes in the publishing landscape and in publishing houses’ business models are analysed. RESEARCH RESULTS: The article describes the main changes that the publishing market in Ukraine has undergone as a result of Russian aggression. On the basis of statistical data, the authors analyse the dynamics of changes in the number of publishers and the increase in the number of military books. The authors focus on the emergence of a new literary phenomenon, namely veteran literature, and the emergence of a significant number of veteran publishers. Changes in the business models of publishers are analysed. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The war has had a significant impact on the organizational structure of the Ukrainian publishing industry. This includes the moving of publishing facilities to other territories, changes in infrastructure, transition to other publication formats, entering new markets, etc. This experience could be useful for developing problem-solving strategies in this segment of the media industry.

Study of cast iron pots and slags from Salovka I settlement

The article presents the geometric size and shapes of cast-iron pots which were found at the Salovka I settlement in the Upper Sura region. Also the paper reflects the results of studies of one of the fragments of a cast-iron pots, repair plate and slag from the settlement. Slag samples were studied by chemical analysis using methods for the determination the iron content in ores, concentrates and agglomerates. The repair plate and a fragment of the cast iron pot were analyzed using an electron beam spectrograph. In results a noticeable amount of phosphorus was found in the studied samples. This is due to the use of marsh, lake and meadow ores as raw materials for the local ferrous metallurgy. In order to form a statistical database on iron casting and blacksmithing in the Upper Sura basin and other areas, it is necessary to conduct further analytical research.

Risks of adverse obstetric outcomes among female survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer in England (TYACSS): a population-based, retrospective cohort study

There are limited data on the risks of obstetric complications among survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer with most previous studies only reporting risks for all types of cancers combined. The aim of this study was to quantify deficits in birth rates and risks of obstetric complications for female survivors of 17 specific types of adolescent and young adult cancer. The Teenage and Young Adult Cancer Survivor Study (TYACSS)-a retrospective, population-based cohort of 200 945 5-year survivors of cancer diagnosed at age 15-39 years from England and Wales-was linked to the English Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database from April 1, 1997, to March 31, 2022. The cohort included 17 different types of adolescent and young adult cancers. We ascertained 27 specific obstetric complications through HES among 96 947 women in the TYACSS cohort. Observed and expected numbers for births and obstetric complications were compared between the study cohort and the general population of England to identify survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer at a heighted risk of birth deficits and obstetric complications relative to the general population. Between April 1, 1997, and March 31, 2022, 21 437 births were observed among 13 886 female survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer from England, which was lower than expected (observed-to-expected ratio: 0·68, 95% CI 0·67-0·69). Other survivors of genitourinary, cervical, and breast cancer had under 50% of expected births. Focusing on more common (observed ≥100) obstetric complications that were at least moderately in excess (observed-to-expected ratio ≥1·25), survivors of cervical cancer were at risk of malpresentation of fetus, obstructed labour, amniotic fluid and membranes disorders, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, placental disorders including placenta praevia, and antepartum haemorrhage. Survivors of leukaemia were at risk of preterm delivery, obstructed labour, postpartum haemorrhage, and retained placenta. Survivors of all other specific cancers had no more than two obstetric complications that exceeded an observed-to-expected ratio of 1·25 or greater. Survivors of cervical cancer and leukaemia are at risk of several serious obstetric complications; therefore, any pregnancy should be considered high-risk and would benefit from obstetrician-led antenatal care. Despite observing deficits in birth rates across all 17 different types of adolescent and young adult cancer, we provide reassurance for almost all survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer concerning their risk of almost all obstetric complications. Our results provide evidence for the development of clinical guidelines relating to counselling and surveillance of obstetrical risk for female survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer. Children with Cancer UK, The Brain Tumour Charity, and Academy of Medical Sciences.

Particulate Matter Exposure during Pregnancy and Childhood Leukemia Incidence

Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer and its etiology could be related to various environmental contaminants such as particulate matter (PM). The objective of our study is to evaluate the potential association between exposure to PM during pregnancy and the incidence of childhood leukemia. We established a population-based nationwide cohort using the Spanish Birth Registry Statistics database of the National Statistics Institute. We used spatiotemporal land use random forest models to estimate the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 for the entire pregnancy and by trimesters. We conducted logistic regression analyses adjusted for various covariates. In addition, we fitted generalized additive models (GAMs) to estimate the non-linear relationship between PM levels and leukemia incidence. The study included 3,112,123 children and 1066 cases of leukemia. The results for the continuous variable of PM10 exposure levels suggested an increased risk of childhood leukemia to be associated with higher exposure. The results for the categorized PM10 variable suggest an increased risk of childhood leukemia among pregnant women whose exposure levels were higher than the median (third and fourth quartiles). The results for PM2.5 were weaker. We found association between exposure to PM10 during pregnancy and an increased risk of childhood leukemia. Our findings indicate that public health interventions should aim to reduce air pollution to lower the incidence of childhood leukemia.