Data Reduction Techniques Research Articles

A problem-agnostic approach to feature selection and analysis using SHAP

Feature selection is an effective data reduction technique. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) can be used to provide a feature importance ranking for models built with labeled or unlabeled data. Thus, one may use the SHAP feature importance ranking in a feature selection technique by selecting the k highest ranking features. Furthermore, this SHAP-based feature selection technique is applicable regardless of the availability of labels for data. We use the Kaggle Credit Card Fraud detection dataset to simulate three label availability scenarios. When no labeled data is available, unsupervised learners should be used. We explore feature selection for data reduction with Isolation Forest and SHAP for this case. When data of one class is available, a one-class classifier, such as Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) can be used in combination with SHAP for determining feature importance, and for feature selection. Finally, if labeled data from both classes is available a binary-class classifier can be used in conjunction with SHAP for data reduction. Our contribution is to provide a comparative analysis of features selected in the three label availability scenarios. Our primary conclusion is that feature sets may be reduced with SHAP without compromising performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore a feature analysis technique, applicable in the three label availability scenarios.

Studi Perbandingan Kehidupan Perempuan Transgender dalam Pasung Jiwa dan Anak Gembala yang Tertidur Panjang di Akhir Zaman

This research aims to compare the plot of the main character's journey to becoming a trans woman as her gender identity in the novel Pasung Jiwa by Okky Madasari and Anak Gembala Yang Tertidur Panjang di Akhir Zaman by A. Mustafa. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a comparative literature study. The theory used is Judith Butler's concept of gender performativity. Reading and note-taking techniques and literature study were the data collection techniques in this research. Data analysis techniques use data reduction techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results obtained include in the novel Pasung Jiwa, the main character is said to be a trans woman because she is confined to pursuing her passion, namely singing dangdut, etc. The main character also experiences direct and indirect experiences of transphobia, as well as sexual violence, namely rape, etc. Meanwhile, in the novel Anak Gembala Yang Tertidur Panjang di Akhir Zaman, who insulted transvestite thugs, was under bad influence from his caretaker and idolized his beautiful mother.

Penguatan Nilai-Nilai Karakter Nasionalisme Remaja Melalui Tokoh Bajak Laut Topi Jerami dalam Anime One Piece

This research aims to provide an overview of the values of youth nationalist character through the straw hat pirate character in the One Piece anime series. The research method used is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The data sources for this research are the head of the Pontianak one piece anime community, members of the Pontianak one piece anime community, and teenagers who love one piece anime aged 15-21 years. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques for data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that the nationalist character contained in the main character of the One Piece anime series is unity and oneness, solidarity, independence and willingness to sacrifice. The description of the nationalistic character that teenagers emulate after watching the One Piece anime series is unity and oneness in the activities they carry out, solidarity in terms of friendship, independence shown by strong determination and desire, and willingness to make sacrifices that are applied to everyday life. There are positive impacts such as being able to provide encouragement for personal and social development, being able to form a better character with the surrounding environment, while the negative impact is that they tend to spend more time watching cellphone screens, teenagers are more consumptive by buying knick-knacks or clothes that match the animated characters. One piece, after watching the one piece anime series.

PERSONAL SELLING STRATEGY ANALYSIS ON FUNDING PRODUCTS IN AN EFFORT TO INCREASE THE NUMBER OF CUSTOMER

This research aims to analyze and explain Personal Selling strategies for funding products at PT. BPR Syari'ah Sarana Prima Mandiri KCP Bangkalan in an effort to increase the number of customers. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data analysis process uses data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that PT. BPR Syari'ah Sarana Prima Mandiri KCP Bangkalan has carried out all stages of personal selling starting from Prospecting, Pre-approach, Presentation and Demonstration, Overcoming, Objection, Closing to Follow Up. The strategies implemented in an effort to increase the number of customers as follows: 1) Implementing a Savings Festival, 2) Implementing a personal selling strategy system 3) Taking advantage of opportunities, 4) Good service, attractive facilities and easy transactions, 5) Quick response to customer complaints. The conclusion is that efforts to increase the number of customers can be done using a personal selling strategy. This strategy includes comprehensive product marketing, with a focus on personal relationships, comfort, and consistent follow-up. Implementing this strategy will have a positive impact on the financial sustainability of PT. BPR Syari'ah Sarana Prima Mandiri KCP Bangkalan.

Efektivitas Program Peningkatan Diversifikasi dan Ketahanan Pangan Masyarakat Melalui Kegiatan Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) pada Kelompok Wanita Tani di Kota Tangerang Selatan

Sustainable Food Yard (P2L) is one of the priority programs in maintaining community food security. However, in the implementation of the program there are still problems, including the late delivery of assistance which has an impact on the delay in the implementation of activities so that the P2L program does not run in accordance with the technical instructions that have been issued each year, and assistance that is less than optimal. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effectiveness of the program to increase diversification and community food security through sustainable food yard activities (P2L) in farm women's groups in South Tangerang City. The method in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive method. Data collection techniques used three ways, observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Then the collected data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. The results showed that the achievement of the program has not yet shown the expected effectiveness due to the delay in disbursement of funds which has an impact on the delay in the implementation of activities and has not yet achieved the program objectives in fulfilling food and nutrition sources, especially for stunting so that it has not been able to contribute to helping Posyandu in providing animal protein in the stunting locus determined by the Mayor of South Tangerang. The integration indicator is not yet fully effective because there are still farm women groups that have not received intensive assistance from the program assistants. In addition, the implementation of P2L procedures applied in South Tangerang City has not been maximized because the concept of seedling houses is not suitable for the hot conditions in South Tangerang City. The adaptation indicator has not run optimally because the use of facilities and infrastructure for P2L activities is still limited to conventional agricultural tools.

Needs Analysis for the Development of a Mobile Application Design to Strengthen Religious Moderation through Digital Literacy in West Java

This research is motivated by the rapid development and advancement of technology, information, and communication, which have had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including education. Strengthening religious moderation through digital literacy captures the potential of technological developments that are more interactive and structured in relation to religious moderation. This approach is expected to allow users to more easily access religious moderation assessment results and measure students' moderate attitudes. The objective of this study is to analyze the needs for developing a mobile application design aimed at strengthening religious moderation through digital literacy in West Java. The research locations include MAN 5 Bogor Regency, MAN 4 Sukabumi Regency, MAN 1 Sumedang Regency, and MAN 1 Bekasi City. This study serves as the initial stage in the plan to develop a mobile application design for strengthening religious moderation through digital literacy in West Java. The research design employs a naturalistic qualitative approach. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling. The data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis is conducted using data reduction, data presentation, and verification techniques. The needs analysis results indicate that the most essential features for this application include the Digital Literacy Module, Interactive and Practical Materials, Discussion Forum, Online Counseling, and Religious Moderation Assessment. These features are designed to assist users, particularly madrasah students, in understanding the concept of religious moderation through engaging, interactive, and easy-to-understand content. Additionally, the credibility of the content and the security of user data are also key priorities in the development of this application. By addressing these needs, the application will serve as an effective tool for disseminating the values of religious moderation, enhancing digital literacy among the younger generation, and preventing the spread of radical and extremist ideologies. This application is expected to educate and shape a generation that is moderate, inclusive, and respectful of religious diversity in society.

Membangun Jiwa Kewirausahaan melalui Kurikulum Merdeka di TK Mumtaza Ceria Kalianyar Kertosono

Early childhood education is an important foundation in shaping children's character and skills, including an entrepreneurial spirit that is relevant to the demands of the 21st century. In the era of the Merdeka Curriculum, the development of an entrepreneurial spirit can be integrated into learning to encourage creativity, independence, and innovation from an early age. This study aims to identify the strategy and implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in building an entrepreneurial spirit at Mumtaza Ceria Kindergarten, Kalianyar, Kertosono. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with teachers, and documentation of learning activities. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum at Mumtaza Ceria Kindergarten was carried out through project-based activities, business simulation games, and exploration of the surrounding environment. Children are actively involved in activities such as making crafts, selling simple products, and role-playing as traders. The teacher acts as a facilitator who provides direction and supports children's exploration. This activity has been proven to be able to foster entrepreneurial values ​​such as the courage to take risks, creative thinking, and cooperation. In conclusion, the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Mumtaza Ceria Kindergarten is effective in building an entrepreneurial spirit in early childhood. A flexible and activity-based curriculum provides space for the development of children's potential to the maximum. This study recommends further training for teachers and the development of entrepreneurship-based learning modules to support the sustainability of this program.

INSTITUSIONALISASI NILAI-NILAI SUFISTIK DI PONDOK PESANTREN BANJARBARU

Research on pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) demonstrates the advantages of pesantren as a subculture that represents Sufi values. Among the Sufi values in pesantren are repentance (taubat), piety (wara'), asceticism (zuhud), poverty (faqr), patience (sabar), trust in God (tawakkal), love (mahabbah), knowledge (makrifah), and contentment (ridha). These values are socially constructed through various institutionalized practices. Therefore, the author aims to explore how these Sufi values are institutionalized in the pesantren of Banjarbaru. The author employs a social constructionist approach as the research method, with a descriptive qualitative research design. Data are collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, with data reduction, data display, and data verification techniques for data analysis. The findings of the study are as follows: 1) The institutionalization of Sufi values includes internalization, externalization, and objectivation simultaneously. In the internalization process, there is typification, habitualization, socialization, and indoctrination in the pesantren regarding Sufi values, both as values and as practices of the Sufi path (tarekat), through the pesantren curriculum based on the books Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din, Siraj al-Thalibin, and Kifayah al-Atqiya’, as well as through spiritual practices such as mujahadah, collective dhikr, fasting, bai'at (pledge of allegiance), and khalwat (spiritual retreat). In the externalization process, the Sufi values are expressed as ideologies and positive traditions with various adaptations. Objectivation shows the authority of the mursyid (spiritual guide), consistency in the implementation of sharia, rules, and suluk (spiritual conduct). 2) The Sufi values institutionalized in the pesantren include repentance (taubat) as abandoning sins and mistakes; piety (wara') as discipline and selectivity; asceticism (zuhud) as humility and simplicity; poverty (faqr) as independence and responsibility; patience (sabar) as perseverance and personal integrity; trust in God (tawakkal), love (mahabbah), knowledge (makrifah), and contentment (ridha) as obedience and gratitude. 3) The institutionalization of Sufi values in the pesantren contributes significantly to the strengthening of character and moral development.

Strategi Mudir Dalam Mengelola Program Tahfizh

The focus of this study is the encouragement of the community to enroll their children in the tahfizh program, which has caused many tahfizh institutions to develop in the community. Ma'had Daarut Tahfizh Al-Ikhlas is an Islamic boarding school that focuses on learning the tahfizh program. The objectives of this study are (1) to find out how the Mudir strategy is used to manage the tahfizh program at Ma'had Daarut Tahfizh Al-Ikhlas, and (2) to analyze the impact of implementing the Mudir strategy in managing the tahfizh program at Ma'had Daarut Tahfizh Al-Ikhlas. The type of qualitative research used in this study is a case study. This study was conducted at Ma'had Daarut Tahfizh Al-Ikhlas. Observation, interviews, and documentation are data collection methods. The Leader/Mudir, Regular Deputy Mudir, Intensive Deputy Mudir, and students are the sources of data for this study. In this study, data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques were used. To test the validity of the data, triangulation of techniques and sources was used. The results of the study showed that (1) Mudir's Strategy in Managing the Tahfizh Program at Ma'had Daarut Tahfizh Al-Ikhlas consists of a) Implementation, b) Curriculum, c) Management, and d) Supervision. The Wahdah and Thariqatu al-jumlah memorization methods use the sabaq, sabqi, manzil, and mukammal techniques. The two main programs in management are the regular program and the intensive program. (2) The Qur'an confession and the speed of achieving goals show the role of Mudir's strategy in managing the Tahfizh program. The Tahfizh program at Ma'had Daarut Tahfizh Al-Ikhlas was very successful. A student can memorize 30 juz of the Qur'an in 8 months and 1 year 10 months

Optimizing Autism Spectrum Disorder Identification with Dimensionality Reduction Technique and K-Medoid

This research addresses the challenges of diagnosing and treating Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using dimensionality reduction techniques and machine learning approaches. Challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviours characterize ASD. The dimension reduction used in this research aims to identify what features influence autism cases. Several dimension data reduction techniques used in this research include PCA, Isomap, t-SNE, LLE, and factor analysis, using metrics such as Purity, silhouette score, and the Fowlkes-Mallows index. The machine learning approach applied in this study is k-medoid. By employing this method, our goal is to pinpoint the unique characteristics of autism that may facilitate the detection and diagnosis process. The data used in this research is a dataset collected for autism screening in adults. This dataset contains 20 features: ten behavioural features (AQ-10-Adult) and ten individual characteristics. The results indicate that Factor Analysis outperforms other methods based on purity metrics. However, due to data structure issues, the t-SNE method cannot be evaluated using purity metrics. PCA and LLE consistently provide stable silhouette scores across different values. The Fowlkes-Mallows index results closely align, but t-SNE tends to yield lower values. The choice of algorithm requires careful consideration of preferred metrics and data characteristics. Factor analysis is adequate for Purity, while PCA and LLE consistently perform well. This research aims to improve the accuracy of ASD identification, thereby enhancing diagnostic and treatment precision.

The Michigan men’s diabetes project: perspectives on a peer-led diabetes self-management and support intervention for Black men with type 2 diabetes

BackgroundBlack men are more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to non-Hispanic White men, especially those over 55 years of age. Although there is ample evidence around the efficacy of peer-led diabetes self-management and support (PLDSMS) programs in improving diabetes health outcomes, Black men living with T2D experience several barriers to meaningful participation in peer-led programs and program developers face barriers to implementation. This qualitative study aimed to identify perspectives from collaborators on barriers and facilitators that impact the implementation of a PLDSMS intervention for older Black men with T2D.MethodsQualitative data were collected as part of the Michigan Men’s Diabetes Project. We used the Tailored Implementation in Chronic Diseases (TICD) Checklist to construct the semi-structured interview guide. TICD domains served as themes. Codes were later generated as a team (N = 3) from chunks of related text. Eight 1-on-1 semi-structured interviews (two researchers, three peer leaders, one community collaborator, two certified diabetes care and education specialists) were conducted between April 13–22, 2022 via Zoom. We engaged in thematic content analysis and used the rigorous and accelerated data reduction (RADaR) technique and Rapid analysis.ResultsThemes included guideline factors; individual collaborator factors; patient factors; professional interactions; incentives and resources; capacity for organizational change; and use of technology. Guidelines for implementing a PLDSMS program for Black men with T2D are lacking. For effective implementation, collaborators need interpersonal and session facilitation skills, flexibility, and cultural awareness. Although Black men with T2D may initially be apprehensive about participating in a PLDSMS program due to lack of knowledge, masculine norms, and stigma, these programs offer a safe space, a sense of brotherhood, and transparency. Having a physician champion is key in supporting organizational changes needed to implement PLDSMS programs in health systems, particularly as PLDSMS is not currently a billable service.ConclusionsThe PLDSMS program is culturally relevant in engaging older Black men with T2D. In addition to building trust among participants, successful development and implementation of a peer support program requires flexibility and tailored communication strategies. Findings can be used to inform future iterations of PLDSMS programs.

Leadership Role in Implementation of Mutations on Employees’ Performance, Department of Education and Culture, Jeneponto

Leaders as an aspect of human resources have an important role in various activities of an institution. Leadership is a manifestation of a person's ability to influence members or subordinates to be willing to work to achieve agreed goals. Often during certain periods, employees are transferred. Transfers are caused by several reasons, such as filling employee vacancies in other offices, filling executive level positions and transferring executive duties, career development and position promotions, and the spoil system , namely mutations carried out on the basis of kinship and considerations of likes or dislikes so that employees are hired. mutation is not based on performance considerations. These various reasons clearly have an impact on the work rhythm which was previously well organized and organized. This research aims to find out: (1) Implementation of Mutations at the Jeneponto Regency Education and Culture Office; (2) Employee Performance at the Jeneponto Regency Education and Culture Service; (3) Implementation of Mutations on Employee Performance at the Jeneponto Regency Education and Culture Office. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with a phenomenological and sociological approach. The data source was obtained from employees of the Jeneponto Regency Education and Culture Office. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. The research instrument is an interview guide. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction techniques , data presentation and drawing conclusions or verification. Data validity testing uses source triangulation. The results of the research show that implementing mutations is not the authority or decision of the leadership of the Jeneponto Regency Education and Culture Service as a whole. Mutations are carried out because of a messenger letter from BKD for reasons of career development , filling vacant positions, filling executive level positions, promotions and spoiled systems ; not the decision of the leadership of the agency concerned. The performance of transferred employees varies according to their respective fields so that the tasks given can be completed and achieve the desired goals. In short, the implementation of communication for employees of the Jeneponto Regency Education and Culture Office was not carried out immediately , but was based on a decision letter from the BKD. The performance of Jeneponto Regency Education and Culture Service employees varies according to their duties and procedures as well as their commitment to achieving targets.

Understanding Healthcare Barriers for Latino/a/e/x Families with Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Primary Care Provider interviews.

Alzheimer's Disease and Related dementias (ADRD) are disproportionately underdiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and undertreated in Latino/a/e/x populations living in the U.S. Latino/a/e/x families also experience low access to ADRD caregiver support services and high levels of depression. Primary care providers (PCPs) are the first point of contact for patients and their families, and they are critical in understanding the factors associated with disparities in accessing services. This project aims to reflect on the barriers that Latino/a/e/x families experience in accessing and using healthcare services from the perspective of PCPs. The data was collected through structured interviews with 23 diverse PCPs across the US via videoconference or phone calls. Participants were recruited via snowball sampling. Two reviewers used an inductive coding approach to conduct qualitative thematic analysis. The Rigorous and Accelerated Data Reduction (RADaR) technique was used to extract relevant data and organize it into relevant categories. Some of the themes identified reflect the experiences of individuals in the diagnostic process and subsequent care: 1) Family members are usually the first ones to notice the symptoms, 2) Delays in seeking care might be partially influenced by denial from individuals and their families, 3) Language congruency promotes the disclosure of symptoms, 4) Care that is linguistically and literacy appropriate requires additional support of patients and families, and 5) Caregiving expectations and preferences by Latino/a/e/x families do not shield caregivers from feeling burnout. Overall, PCPs reflected that the experiences of individuals are highly influenced by socioeconomic factors, which also influence their care plans. Most Latino/a/e/x older adults with ADRD will be cared for by a PCP at some point during their disease, which means that they require additional support and resources at primary care appointments to address the barriers to accessing care services and enhance health equity in Latino/a/e/x communities.

Development and Validation of a Brief Warzone Stressor Exposure Index.

Existing scales mainly focus on danger-based threats of death and bodily harm to assess exposure to traumatic events in war zone. However, major provocations and transgression of deeply held values and moral beliefs, as well as witnessing the suffering of others can be as traumatic as fear-inducing danger-based events. This raises the need for scales that assess both danger- and nondanger-based events among soldiers operating in modern war zones. Norwegian military personnel deployed to Afghanistan between late 2001 and end of 2020 were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey with a final sample size of 6,205 (males: n = 5,693; 91.7%; mean age = 41.93 years). We applied data reduction techniques (e.g., exploratory factor analysis, EFA, and exploratory graph analysis, EGA, through a community detection algorithm) to develop a 12-item, three-factor model (personal threat, traumatic witnessing, and moral injury) of the Warzone Stressor Exposure Index (WarZEI). Confirmatory factor analysis showed support for the factor model, with evidence of concurrent, discriminant, and incremental validity. These results indicate the WarZEI is a reliable and valid measure for assessing exposure to warzone stressors that allows for heterogeneity and the multidimensional nature of exposure to warzone stressors.

Community Empowerment Regarding Catfish Cultivation Using the Biofloc Method in Temba Lae Village, Dompu Regency

This activity aims to empower the economy of the residents of Temba Lae Village, Dompu Regency by developing catfish cultivation. The method used in this activity is a participatory approach. This activity involved the So Tolo Pari Farmers Group, totaling 25 people, as partners and research subjects. This study includes steps: socialization, training, mentoring, evaluation, and strengthening. Data was collected through secondary data, direct observation, interviews with key informants, and documents. Data were analyzed using data reduction techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research results show that community economic empowerment through the development of catfish cultivation has succeeded in increasing the community's knowledge, skills, economic and social aspects. Factors that influence the success of community empowerment are community support and active participation, stakeholder support and cooperation, availability and suitability of resources, and the application of participatory methods. The long-term impact of community empowerment is as follows: the community can develop an independent, sustainable and competitive catfish farming business, the community is able to improve the quality of life, independence and welfare; The community can contribute to regional development, especially in the fisheries sector.

Teaching Arabic Using the Language Immersion Method at University: Approaches and Implementation

Teaching Arabic in Indonesia often challenges fostering practical language skills, particularly at Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) and universities. The Language Immersion method, which involves intensively using the target language in natural situations, offers an appealing alternative to enhance Arabic proficiency. While several studies have discussed this method, there remains a gap in its systematic application in academic settings. This study aims to explore the approach and implementation of the Language Immersion method in Arabic teaching at UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember. It employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research locus is the Arabic Language Education Program at UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, with lecturers and students as subjects. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using data reduction, presentation, and conclusion-drawing techniques. The findings reveal that the language immersion method significantly improves Arabic students' speaking, reading, and listening skills. Through discussions, role-playing, and presentations, students learn contextually. However, challenges such as lecturer consistency, limited resources, and the need for Arabic-speaking environments outside the classroom must be addressed for optimal results.

Analisis Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas Penggunaan Dana BOS (Studi Kasus di SMP Negeri 31 Maluku Tengah)

The School Operational Assistance Fund (BOS) is government assistance as an effort to provide quality and affordable education to all levels of society at no cost. To achieve this goal, schools as education providers and recipients of BOS funds must be able to use the principles of accountability and transparency in the management and accountability of financial reports. Using qualitative descriptive methods, research was conducted at SMP Negeri 31 Central Maluku with the aim of finding out how BOS funds are managed and the implementation of accountability and transparency in financial reporting. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observation and documentation methods, while data analysis used data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the management of BOS funds at SMP Negeri 31 Central Maluku has been going well, as shown by the involvement of the BOS Fund management team, teachers and school committees starting from the planning, implementation and accountability stages which are in accordance with the technical instructions for the use of funds. BOSS. The implementation of the principles of accountability and management of BOS funds at SMP Negeri 31 Central Maluku has gone well. Accountability is carried out every quarter, then reporting transparency is shown by an information board regarding the actual use of BOS funds.

Analysis of mathematical concept comprehension ability in slow learners students

Mathematical comprehension is a fundamental skill that plays a crucial role in understanding and solving problems across various mathematical topics. This study aims to analyze the mathematical comprehension abilities of slow learners in the SPLDV (Two-Variable Linear Equation System) material. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed in this study. The subjects consisted of 20 slow learners in grade VIII of SMPIT in Sukabumi Regency. Data were collected through written tests and interviews, and analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. The results indicate that students with low comprehension skills have not fully mastered the SPLDV material and can only answer questions at levels 1, 2, and 3 but do not fully meet the indicators. Students with medium comprehension skills are able to answer questions at levels 1 and 2 according to the indicators. Meanwhile, students with high comprehension skills can answer questions at levels 1, 2, and 3 while meeting the indicators. The analysis of answers and interview data reveals that students in the low, medium, and high comprehension categories demonstrate distinct indicators of mathematical comprehension ability. In conclusion, slow learners exhibit varied levels of mathematical comprehension, highlighting the need for differentiated teaching strategies to address their specific needs and enhance their understanding of SPLDV concepts.

A New Approach to Reduce the Position Data of Moving Objects Using Neural Network

ABSTRACTIn this study, an ANN‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) location data reduction approach was proposed. As GNSS location data becomes more common, efficient data reduction techniques are needed to reduce transmission, storage, and processing costs. This involves selecting key points from the original trajectory to maintain integrity, eliminating redundancy, and lowering transmission and storage expenses. In this study, we proposed a new method for reducing GNSS location data in both online and offline settings, utilizing an ANN trained with a mathematically generated dataset. ANN has not been used in data reduction in the literature. The approach involves training the ANN with a window size of 3 and a threshold value of 10°, followed by using the trained model for data reduction. Experimental results show that the ANN achieves a reduction rate of around 59.18% compared to the original trajectory. Notably, the ANN yields a significantly lower RMSE compared to a mathematical method, particularly in areas requiring precision. Despite the slightly slower computation times, the ANN remains suitable for real‐time applications, demonstrating its efficacy for GNSS location data reduction. Our study highlights its online capability, reasonable reduction rates, and low RMSE values, distinguishing it from existing literature. This method shows potential for scenarios where balancing reduction rates with data quality is crucial.

A Digital Twin Framework Utilizing Machine Learning for Robust Predictive Maintenance: Enhancing Tire Health Monitoring

Abstract We introduce a novel digital twin (DT) framework for predictive maintenance of long-term physical systems. Using monitoring tire health as an application, we show how the DT framework can be used to enhance automotive safety and efficiency, and how the technical challenges can be overcome using a three-step approach. Firstly, for managing the data complexity over a long operation span, we employ data reduction techniques to concisely represent physical tires using historical performance and usage data. Relying on these data, for fast real-time prediction, we train a transformer-based model offline on our concise dataset to predict future tire health over time, represented as Remaining Casing Potential (RCP). Based on our architecture, our model quantifies both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty, providing reliable confidence intervals around predicted RCP. Secondly, to incorporate real-time data, we update the predictive model in the DT framework, ensuring its accuracy throughout its life span with the aid of hybrid modeling and the use of discrepancy function. Thirdly, to assist decision making in predictive maintenance, we implement a Tire State Decision Algorithm, which strategically determines the optimal timing for tire replacement based on RCP forecasted by our transformer model. This approach ensures our DT accurately predicts system health, continually refines its digital representation, and supports predictive maintenance decisions. Our framework effectively embodies a physical system, leveraging big data and machine learning (ML) for predictive maintenance, model updates, and decision-making.