Data Processing Work Research Articles

Automatisicrung der Meßwerterfassung und -verarbeitung eines NMR-Spektrometers und Integration in ein Lokales Computernetz

For the control of measurements as well as for taking over and pre-processing of the measurement data the NMR-spectrometer BS 487 C/TESLA has been connected on-line with an AMCA 80-microcomputer. This experimental equipment has been integrated in the local computer network ATLAS. For the data transmission and the computer coupling the CAMAC-system has been used. The storage and time intensive programmes for the spectra evaluations are-running in the EG-1040 computer. The data transfer is controlled by the help of a two-party, cooperative communication type protocol. The data acquisition and processing work in dialogue are running under real-time conditions.

Interactive graphic data processing in cartography

This paper deals with the work and importance of interactive data processing as a system for assisting in the work of cartography. Both hardware and software concepts for the SICAD interactive graphic system for cartography are presented and explained using practical examples.

THE EMERGING KEY ROLE OF WHITE‐COLLAR COMPUTER WORKERS VIS‐A‐VIS ORGANIZED LABOR

Computer‐based automation may be decisive in making an enterprise strike resistant. As a consequence it is in a union's interest to include as many as possible data processing and computing skills in bargaining units. It also is in management's interest to have these same skills excluded. Of special importance are a number of developments: (1) the increasing pressure for clerical and technical workers to join labor unions, (2) the FAA's success in keeping airports operational with the help of computer‐controlled air flow procedures and (3) management's successful bids in a number of crucial labor relations cases to exclude from bargaining units licensed and certifiable professionals who were doing data processing work. The primary need now is for proper negotiations and possible new rulings and legislation to deal with the status of professional and technical computer work.

Integrated structural analysis system with on-line coordinate-measuring machines for car body panels

This paper deals with computer graphics applications for developing new types of steel sheets for car body panels, which would contribute to car milage improvement by weight reduction. This computer system in which structural analysis system is implemented, has been primary developed for CAD/CAM application to ROLL PASS design of grooved rolls with which rails, seamless pipes, beams and other steel sections are produced. On line 3-D coordinate measuring machines, graphic displays, a digitizer, a high speed/accuracy drafting machine and an on line ultrasonic thickness meter are the major devices of the computer graphics system of which mini-computers are linked to main frame computers where general purpose Finite Element programs, e.g. NASTRAN, MARC, are installed for structural analysis of pressed steel sheets for car body panels. The functions of this system could be categorized into the following three: 1. (1) Profile measurement and analysis of pressed steel sheets to visualize and quantify even minute unfavourable shape due to inadequate material properties and pressing conditions. 2. (2) An on line ultrasonic thickness meter built in the graphic system plays an important role for analysing plastic deformation behaviour by graphical representation of panel thickness data which is also valuable for geometric description of the structure. 3. (3) An integration of data preparation facility through extensive use of on line 3-D coordinate measuring machines and every variety for Finite Element programs in bigger computing resources are the key feature of this system. These computer analyses, of press formability, vibration behaviour and stiffness performance which would vary with material properties and pressing conditions could add invaluable information to research and development of both forming technique and new steel quality. This paper also contains a discussion on performance properties of newly developed steel sheets, i.e. anisotropic steel which shows high stiffness because of a virtual Young's modulus and non-uniform thickness steel sheets with slight convexo-convex sectional profile for reducing material volume without decreasing the stiffness. Computer Graphics and computer utilization in automobile industry have often been reported so far, from clay model measurement to car body design and die manufacturing. Compared with this situation, profile measurement and analyses for material development of steel sheets are still being done with dial gauges or offline position sensors where tedious data processing work is still required. The Computer Graphics system described in this paper features on-line 3-D coordinate measuring machines and an on-line ultrasonic thickness meter which enable one to do effective research work for improvement of press formability and performance of steel sheets. Panel stiffness and dynamic performance analyses by FEM are to be the major objectives of this paper. As the fruitful results derived from an extensive use of this integrated system anisotropic high Young's modulus steel sheets and intentionally slight-convexo-convex profiled (non flat) steel sheets have become into practical use for energy saving car body building.

High resolution electron scattering facility at the Darmstadt linear accelerator (DALINAC) IV. Data processing

The computer system installed for the electron scattering facility and its usage is described. For on-line control a dedicated system of two tightly coupled computers (PDP 11/20, H116) is used whereas a PDP 11/45 is provided for all other data processing work resulting from the experiments. Special interfaces, graphic terminals, system software and a complete set of application programs have been developed.

Report on Progress in the Development of Visual Prostheses

□ In summary, we can say that as a result of recent work in implanting visual prostheses in correlated work in visual physiology, data processing, and materials technology and in the development of sophisticated simulation techniques, we have approached several steps closer to a vantage point from which we can state the conditions under which a reliable visual prosthesis in the armamentarium of sensory aids has been clarified as a result of the conference and the interest of the scientific community in the development of such a system has been stimulated. It is significant that Dr. MacNichol (the new director of NINDS) has made our computer program for simulating the output of a prosthesis available to scientists at the National Institutes of Health as well as members of the newly-formed National Eye Institute. It is also obvious that we can sustain scientific interest in the problems involved in the development of experiments toward a visual prosthesis, because of the simultaneously human and personal involvement of researchers in alleviating the problems of blindness.

Technology involved in whole blood inventory control

This article describes the design and implementation of the first whole blood inventory control system of its kind in the United States. In 1964, responding to an expressed need by a medium-sized blood bank, a data collection, conversion, transmission, and processing system was developed and successfully implemented in a California two-county area. The system since has been expanded to cover a population of 10 million in five states. The system, on a daily basis, was to provide blood bank management with data and analyses to facilitate best allocation of the available processed blood supplies and to forecast needs. System development required work in data collection, conversion, transmission, and computer data processing. Meaningful reports were the result. For economical development of usable data, each area had to operate with stringent reliability and cost limitations. Development time spans and reliability requirements indicated the use of off-the-shelf equipment. Performance data collected over a four-year period showed conclusively that effective controls could be placed on indiscriminate stocking policies and resultant loss of blood through outdating.

Improvements of manual control systems by using of appropriate displays

Characteristics of displays, which transmit information from machines to machine operators, have a great influence on psychological and physiological load imposed on the operators, controlability of machine and performance of the manual control systems.Improvement of the performance of manual control systems and the reduction of the physical work intensity of operators are possible by designing the display suitable for human characteristics.Making a geometrical condition of a display arrangement fit for physical properties of human operator and replacement of a data processing work requested for a stable control of the system from the human operator to a electronic device provided in the displays are effective method available for the improvements.

Data Processing System for the Automatic Transformation of Observed Plasma Intensities into their Radial Distribution

A data recording and processing system is described which automatically unfolds the observed side-on radiation from cylindrically and rotationally symmetric plasmas into the radial distribution and thus eliminates most of the tedious and time-consuming data processing work. The projected intensity profiles over a cross section of the source are photoelectrically detected and integrated over small intervals of equal length utilizing a voltage-to-frequency converter. The output is fed into a digital counter and recorded on paper tape together with auxiliary information. The data are then processed by an electronic computer using an available transformation scheme which utilizes the Abel integral equation. In comparison to manual processing the precision is vastly improved and surpasses by far the usual requirements of spectroscopic experiments.

Automatic programming and business applications

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses about automatic programming and business applications of computers. Computer work in the business field consists in the main of two different classes: (1) the normal office routine work of data processing, including payroll, stores, accounting and the like; and (2) the work of industrial mathematics where scientific tools, such as linear programming and operations research, are harnessed to aid management. The most important part of computer work is the end product, the results which have to be used. There is, at present, too much concern with hardware and not enough concern with applications. Automatic programming has been defined as any device which makes the work easier or faster. One of the easiest ways is to use an existing program. Systems designers must know the potentialities of the program. Manufacturers and users alike are contributing to libraries of subroutines. Such subroutines can be linked together to form a complete routine for the solution of a problem. This calls for a higher degree of skill in a programmer, requires less programmers and saves writing and testing time. All these methods are simple techniques which come within our definition and they are important for business users.

Techniques for using computers for office work

The paper discusses clerical work generally and points out why some clerical tasks involve more work in data processing than in calculation. A system for doing payroll in which a high speed computer does data marshalling as well as calculation and decision making is described. Application of this system to related tasks such as cost accounfing is discussed. Mention is made of special equipment required and some consideration given to the economics of high-speed computer systems and the limitations of the above techniques.