Data Of Satellite Measurements Research Articles

Manifestation of Specific Features of the Optical Properties of Atmospheric Aerosol over the Black Sea in the Interpretation of SeaWiFS Data

We consider the problem of quantitative evaluation of the optical characteristics of seawater according to the data of satellite measurements. The principal physical mechanisms responsible for the errors in the atmospheric correction made with the help of the standard NASA algorithm are established. It is shown that the models of atmospheric aerosol realized with the help of this algorithm are inconsistent with its actual properties over the Black Sea.

B142 大気海洋相互作用研究データベース共有システムを用いた風波乱流場の解析

In order to grasp and understand the carbon dioxide gas transferred into the sea, a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent atmospheric gas flows interacted with the sea surface has been carried out and the computational results and the satellite measurement data can be simultaneously visualized by a Web based network collaboration system developed here. The results from this DNS can be applied to the gas transfer modeling at the sea surface of the global climate modeling and the anti-environmental material transport modeling on the earth. Moreover many researchers can conduct the DNS and access the satellite database of the wind velocity and the wave height on the sea surface, and also handle the scientific visualization software through this Web based mutual research collaboration system. This system can provide a real-time steering and tracking simulation/visualization platform for mutual scientific research collaboration not only for the environmental science but also other many scientific and engineering fields.

Albedo of clouds and radiation conditions in the oceans

On the basis of the satellite and ship data of many-year observations, we parametrize the albedo of the ocean-atmosphere system both for the conditions of “fair weather” and for the maximum and climatic optical thicknesses of oceanic clouds. These results are used to develop a procedure of practically exact reconstruction of the monthly average fluxes of integral solar radiation and the radiation budget over the ice-free surface of the oceans according to the data of satellite measurements of albedo (Nimbus NOAA satellite, 1974–1983) for arbitrary conditions of transparency of the atmosphere and cloudiness. We determine the current and climatic monthly average values and the characteristics of interannual variability of all components of the radiation mode of the ocean-atmosphere system with a spatial resolution of 500×500 km.

Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) data processing and atmospheric temperature and trace gas retrieval

The Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment aboard the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS) was successfully flown in early November 1994 (STS 66) and in August 1997 (STS 85). This paper focuses on the first flight of the instrument, which was part of the Atmospheric Laboratory for Application and Science 3 (ATLAS 3) mission of NASA. During a free flying period of 7 days, limb scan measurements of atmospheric infrared emissions were performed in the 4 to 71 μm wavelength region. For improved horizontal resolution, three telescopes (viewing directions) were used that sensed the atmosphere simultaneously. Atmospheric pressures, temperatures, and volume mixing ratios of various trace gases were retrieved from the radiance data by using a fast onion‐peeling retrieval technique. This paper gives an overview of the data system including the raw data processing and the temperature and trace gas profile retrieval. Examples of version 1 limb radiance data (level 1 product) and version 1 mixing ratios (level 2 product) of ozone, ClONO2, and CFC‐11 are given. A number of important atmospheric transport processes can already be identified in the level 1 limb radiance data. Radiance data of the lower stratosphere (18 km) indicate strong upwelling in some equatorial regions, centered around the Amazon, Congo, and Indonesia. Respective data at the date line are consistent with convection patterns associated with El Niño. Very low CFC‐11 mixing ratios occur inside the South Polar vortex and cause low radiance values in a spectral region sensitive to CFC‐11 emissions. These low values are a result of considerable downward transport of CFC‐11 poor air that occurred during the winter months. Limb radiance profiles and retrieved mixing ratio profiles of CFC‐11 indicate downward transport over ∼5 km. The accuracy of the retrieved version 1 mixing ratios is rather different for the various trace gases. In the middle atmosphere the estimated systematic error of ozone is ∼14%. Ozone data of correlative satellite measurements are well within this error bar. CRISTA agrees, for example, with Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy Experiment (ATMOS) sunset measurements typically within 5%. The random error of version 1 ozone mixing ratios is 4%. Similar values apply to other trace gases. These low random errors allow the identification of small and medium scale horizontal and vertical structures in the measured trace gas distributions. Examples of structures in mixing ratio fields of ozone, ClONO2, and CFC‐11 are given.