Level Data Research Articles

The infected diabetic foot: Risk factors for re-infection after treatment for diabetic foot osteomyelitis.

Our objective was to evaluate risk factors for re-infection in patients after treatment for diabetic foot osteomyelitis (OM). We used pooled patient level data from two RTCs that evaluated patients with diabetic foot infections. We evaluated 171 patients with OM. OM was confirmed with bone culture or histopathology. Data from the 12-month follow-up were used to determine clinical outcomes. Re-infection occurred in 47 (27.5%) patients. Risk factors for re-infection were Toe Brachial Index <0.40 (25.7% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.02), skin perfusion pressure <40 mmHg (6.3% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.04), wound healing (55.3% vs. 75.0%, p = 0.01), time to heal (156.0, 69.5-365 vs. 91.5, 38.8-365, p = 0.001), and history of MI (14.9% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.005). During 12-month follow-up, patients with re-infections were 198.8 times more likely to require a foot related hospitalisation (81.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.001), 10.4 times more likely have an all-cause hospitalisation (70.2% vs. 18.5%, p = 0.001) and 9.4 times more likely to need an amputation (36.2% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.001). Patients with re-infection had a significantly longer median length of hospitalisation (20.0, 13.5-34.5 vs. 14.0, 10.0-22.0, p = 0.003) and median length of antibiotic duration (55.0, 35.0-87.0 vs. 46.0, 22.8-68.0, p = 0.03). Patients with re-infection are less likely to heal and have more foot-related hospitalizations and amputations.

Genetic Mediators of Celiac Disease and Premature Ovarian Failure: Hypothyroidism and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Observational studies suggested celiac disease (CD) possibly be a risk factor for premature ovarian failure (POF). However, causality remains unclear. And hypothyroidism and systemic lupus erythematosus may be the mediating factors. We performed 2-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) to infer a causal relationship between CD and POF using genome-wide association study summary data obtained from IEU OpenGWAS database and FinnGen R12 database. Inverse-variance weighted method was used as the main analysis of MR. Heterogeneity was measured based on Cochran's Q value. We used the Two-Step MR to analyze whether hypothyroidism and SLE are mediators of the causal relationship between CD and POF. Summary level data of the hypothyroidism and SLE were obtained from IEU OpenGWAS. Genetically predicted CD may increase the risk of POF by 16% (odds ratio [OR]: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06-1.26, p = 0.001). Hypothyroidism and SLE could mediate 13.46% and 26.36% of the association between CD and POF, respectively (p = 0.038, p = 0.025). Our study revealed that CD has a positive contribution effect on POF. CD can elevate the risk of POF by 16%. Besides, hypothyroidism and SLE played a partial mediating role in the causal relationship between the two.

Assessing trends in ectoparasiticidal drugs used to control ticks and flies in farm animals: A four-year analysis reveal differences between epidemiological zones at country level in Uruguay.

The use of ectoparasiticides is a major concern in the control of parasites. In this study, we examined the trends and patterns of veterinary medicines use comparing between a high-risk epidemiological zone (HRZ) and a low-risk epidemiological zone (LRZ) for ectoparasites over a four-year period (2017-2020) at country level data. The objective of this study was to analyze the patterns of ectoparasiticide use in Uruguayan cattle, using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System for Veterinary Drugs (ATCvet) and dose indicators to consider regional variations in the animal population and production intensity. A total of 222 registered products classified as acaricides and/or insecticides based on 21 different active ingredients were grouped into 8 ATCvet level 4 categories. The annual consumption of active ingredients in ectoparasiticides averaged 40.6 tons. The total volume in the HRZ was 693 % higher than in the LRZ. The most sold ATCvet groups were Amidines (55.9 %), Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids (20.7 %), and Organophosphate Compounds (7 %). We calculated four different indicators with the resulting median values for entire country: 89.3 Technical Units per 1000 kg (IQR range of 10.5), 0.15 mg/kg of dosing biomass, 45.7 mg/ha of dose grazing area, and 3.09e+ 10 mg/LU/ha, respectively. Amidines were the most used group in the HRZ across all indicators, while Carbamates and Pyrethrins/Pyrethroids dominated in the LRZ. Cypermethrin, Amitraz, and Ethion were predominant in the HRZ, while Cypermethrin, Carbaryl, and Diazinon were common in the LRZ. The analysis of the four mixed Generalized Linear Models revealed significant differences in the use of veterinary medicines between zones with varying levels of epidemiological risk for parasitic diseases, with certain categories showing consistent patterns between indicators and zones. These results highlight the complexity of a veterinary medicine usage and the need for specialized strategies in veterinary medicine to address regional differences in the use of parasitic agents.

Characteristics of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and their association with treatment outcomes: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

There are few data on the treatment of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis, especially with more recently available drugs and regimens. We aimed to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics and their associations with treatment outcomes in this susceptible population. We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Databases were searched from Oct 1, 2014, to March 30, 2020. To be eligible, studies must have included more than five children or adolescents (0-19 years of age) treated for microbiologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed MDR or RR tuberculosis within a defined treatment cohort, and reported on regimen composition and treatment outcomes. Abstracts were screened independently by two authors to identify potentially eligible records. Full texts were reviewed by two authors independently to identify studies meeting the eligiblity criteria. For studies meeting eligiblity criteria, anonymised individual patient data was requested and individiual level data included for analysis. The main outcome assessed was treatment outcome defined as treatment success (cure or treatment completed) versus unfavourable outcome (treatment failure or death). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify associations between clinical and treatment factors and treatment outcomes. This study is registered with Prospero (CRD42020187230). 1417 studies were identified through database searching. After removing duplicates and screening for eligibility, the search identified 23 369 individual participants from 42 studies, mostly from India and South Africa. Overall, 16 825 (72·0%) were successfully treated (treatment completed or cured), 2848 died (12·2%), 722 (3·1%) had treatment failure, and 2974 (12·7%) were lost to follow-up. In primary analyses, the median age was 16 (IQR 13-18) years. Of the 17 764 (87·1%) participants with reported HIV status, 2448 (13·8%) were living with HIV. 17 707 (89·6%) had microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis. After adjusting for significant factors associated with treatment outcome, the use of two (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1·41 [95% CI 1·09-1·82]; p=0·008) or three (2·12 [1·61-2·79]; p<0·0001) WHO-classified group A drugs (bedaquiline, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and linezolid) compared with the use of no group A drugs at all was positively associated with treatment success. Younger and clinically diagnosed children are underrepresented among those treated for MDR and RR tuberculosis and should be a focus for case-finding efforts. Overall treatment outcomes in our analysis were better than in adults but lower than the international targets of 90% or more individuals successfully treated. Treatment with more group A drugs was associated with better treatment outcomes in children and adolescents, highlighting the need for more rapid access to these drugs and improved regimens. Unitaid.

Examining the Association Between Public Health Accreditation and COVID-19 Outcomes.

To examine the association between local health department (LHD) accreditation and COVID-19 community outcomes, including rates of adult vaccination, hospitalization, and death. We examined county level rates of adult vaccination, hospitalization, and death by LHD accreditation status over the course of the COVID pandemic. Additional independent variables included time period, COVID-19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI), state public health governance structure, and state policy environment. We used hierarchal linear mixed modeling with random intercept for county level data to account for repeated observations and fixed effects for all other variables. This study examined all communities in the United States of America. LHDs and the communities they serve. Rates of adult vaccination, hospitalization, and death due to COVID-19. Among accredited LHDs, the adult population was more likely to be fully vaccinated when compared to unaccredited LHDs ( P <.01). Additional variables in the model, which were also significant, included time period, CCVI, state policy environment, and state public health governance structure. There were no significant differences in the hospitalization rates in jurisdictions with an accredited LHD compared to jurisdictions where the LHD is not accredited. Death rates in jurisdictions with an accredited LHD were statistically significantly lower than death rates in jurisdictions where the health department was not accredited ( P <.001). This relationship was significant with other key variables in the model, including time, CCVI, state policy environment, and state public health governance structure. This study demonstrates that there is an association between LHD accreditation and community health outcomes. Furthermore, we found that other factors, such as social determinants of health, state policy environment, and state public health governance structure impact community health outcomes.

Ustekinumab is safe and effective in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease.

Real-world data on ustekinumab for the treatment of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) are limited. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness, long-term durability, and safety of ustekinumab in the treatment of children with CD. A retrospective longitudinal cohort study of children with CD treated with ustekinumab from two large centers between 2015 and 2020 was performed. The primary outcome was frequency of steroid-free clinical remission at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included time to steroid-free clinical remission, frequency of clinical and biochemical remission, drug escalation and discontinuation, serum level data, and adverse events. Standard descriptive and comparative statistics were performed. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with steroid-free remission at 1 year. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to visualize time-to-event relationships for outcomes. A total of 101 patients were included. Median follow-up time on ustekinumab was 16.6 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 8.71-31.2) with drug failure in 28% at 1 year. Fifty-nine patients were in steroid-free clinical remission at 1 year. Higher baseline disease activity (odds ratio [OR]: 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84-0.97), p = 0.01) and stricturing/penetrating disease phenotype (OR: 0.14 (95% CI: 0.03-0.65), p = 0.02) were associated with decreased likelihood of steroid-free clinical remission at 1-year. Ustekinumab drug escalation occurred in 70% of patients, and after escalation, 50 (70%) achieved clinical remission, and 49 (69%) achieved steroid-free remission at the last follow-up. Adverse events were rare and did not require therapy discontinuation. Ustekinumab is effective and safe in the treatment of children with CD. Escalation of therapy occurs frequently but results in sustained durability.

Leveraging level data for accurate downstream flow prediction in the Narmada River Basin with advanced machine learning models

ABSTRACT Accurate prediction of river flow is crucial for water resource management and flood forecasting. This study employs advanced machine learning (ML) models, including CatBoost, Light Gradient-Boosting Machine, Random Forest, and XGBoost, to predict flow at ‘Mandleshwar’ using level data from key locations along the Narmada River Basin. The dataset covers the period from 1978 to 2020 and was sourced from India's Water Resources Information System. Evaluation metrics such as mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error, root mean square error, normalized root MSE, root mean square percent error, and R-squared (R2) are used to assess model performance. Results show that XGBoost performs well in training, while CatBoost demonstrates superior performance in testing and validation. These findings highlight the potential of advanced ML models in improving flow prediction accuracy, which can inform better water management practices and flood forecasting strategies in the Narmada River Basin.

P-2063. Safety and Immunogenicity of Booster Vaccination Against COVID-19 with Whole-SARS-CoV-2-Virion Inactivated Vaccine KD-414: A Phase 1 Trial in Japan

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce effective immunity, but wane over time. With COVID-19 now endemic, there is a growing population with hybrid immunity. Booster immunization with a vaccine that offers fewer adverse events and sustained immunity is imperative. Methods We conducted an open-label, dose-fixed, multi-group, single-center study for adults (≥20 years old) in Japan, administering a single booster dose of KD-414, a whole-SARS-CoV-2-virion inactivated vaccine, after primary vaccination with mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273), including post-SARS-CoV-2 infection (jRCT1031210517). Safety and immunogenicity were assessed using the geometric mean titer (GMT) of serum neutralizing antibodies (NA) against the vaccine strain [Wuhan strain (W)], and an Omicron strain (BA1). T-cell function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was also evaluated after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2-S, M, and N peptide vaccine strains using a multiplex system. Subjects were observed for 52 weeks if they remained uninfected with SARS-CoV-2 and did not receive additional vaccinations. Results Among the 102 adult volunteers enrolled (Figure 1), KD-414 was well tolerated, with vaccine-specific adverse events predominantly grade 1 (Figure 2). The GMT of W strain NA before booster injection varied, resulting in categorization into low, medium, and high groups based on NA. The proportion of subjects with at least a 4-fold increase in NA in the low group increased to 54.5% (18/33) at 4 weeks (Figure 3). IFN-γrelease by PBMCs stimulated with each peptide correlated with W strain NA (Figure 3). The proportion of subjects with NA upregulation of 10 or more in the medium and high groups remained at 100% until 52 weeks, whereas the low group showed a decrease to 92.3% and 66.7% at 26 weeks and 52 weeks, respectively (Figure 4). Regarding the GMT of BA1 strain NA, previously infected subjects exhibited higher levels (data not shown). The proportion of subjects with NA upregulation of 10 or more in the medium and high groups also remained at 100% until 52 weeks (Figure 4). Conclusion A single booster dose of KD-414 showed good tolerability and immunogenicity, suggesting its potential as s safe and novel SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine for individuals with hybrid immunity. Disclosures Michiko Koga, MD,PhD, KM biologics: Grant/Research Support Masahiro Nojima, M.D.,Ph.D., KM biologics: Grant/Research Support Kengo Sonoda, PhD, KM Biologics Co., Ltd.: Kengo Sonoda is an employee of KM Biologics Co., Ltd. Ken Ishii, M.D., Ph.D., KM biologics: Grant/Research Support Yoshihiro Kawaoka, DVM, Ph.D., Daiichi Sankyo: Grant/Research Support|FluGen: Stocks/Bonds (Private Company)|KM Biologics: Grant/Research Support Fumitaka Nagamura, M.D., Ph.D, DeNA Life Science: IRB member Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, MD PhD, Japanese Society of Infectious Disease: President|Shionogi &amp; Co., Ltd.: Board Member|Shionogi &amp; Co., Ltd.: Lecture fees, travel and meeting support, and Chairs in sponsored symposiums|ViiV Healthcare: Lecture fees; Chairs in sponsored symposiums

P-1239. Systemic Exposure of Olorofim in Children with Invasive Fungal Infections

Abstract Background Olorofim (OLO) is a novel antifungal active vs. Aspergillus (including azole-resistant strains), resistant moulds (e.g., Lomentospora prolificans [LoPro]), and dimorphic moulds. Treatment with OLO in children with invasive fungal infection (IFI) is permitted under the Managed Access Program (MAP), where monitoring of trough concentrations is required due to sparsity of data in this population. Methods To be eligible for the MAP, children were aged 6 to 17 years, had an IFI infection that was shown to be or expected to be susceptible to OLO and had limited or no treatment options. Trough plasma samples (collected after an overnight fast) were sent to the central laboratory for analysis of OLO using a validated mass spectrometry assay. As a minimum, samples were taken after at least 7 days dosing and following any dose changes. The paediatric dose was informed by a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model built using PK data from 52 adult patients with IFI. This model was used to predict systemic exposure in children aged 6 to 17 years based on PK parameters adjusted by weight. Paediatric doses were chosen based on a goal of Cmin ≥ 0.1µg/mL in over 90% of population, whilst Cmax and AUC were to be kept as low as possible. A further dose adjustment was required if OLO was given with strong cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors or inducers. Results To date, 22 children have received OLO, aged 6 to 17 years (mean = 11.0 y), with body weights of 20 to 80 kg (mean = 37.4 kg). IFIs treated include: IA (7), LoPro (4), Scedosporium spp. (4), coccidiomycosis (2), and other rare fungi (5). Trough level data are available for 19 subjects; the predicted maintenance dose resulted in trough levels ≥ 0.1 µg/mL in 15 subjects (79%). For the remaining 4 subjects (21%) OLO dose was increased. After dose adjustment (if required), observed trough plasma concentrations exceeded the threshold needed for efficacy (i.e., &amp;gt; 0.1 µg/mL) on all sampling occasions. Conclusion With the relatively small population and sparse PK sampling data available, the predicted body-weight dependent doses for children aged 6 to 17 y are considered reasonable. The dose predictions will be updated as the PopPK model is refined and trough levels will continue to be monitored pending conduct of a formal paediatric study. Disclosures Karen Cornelissen, PhD, F2G: Stocks/Bonds (Private Company) John H. Rex, MD, F2G: Employee Daniela Zinzi, MD. Infectious Diseases Specialist, VP Clinical R&amp;D at F2G: Stocks/Bonds (Private Company) Roger Bruggemann, Pharm, PhD, F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Mundipharma: Advisor/Consultant|Mundipharma: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support James Wright, n/a, F2G: Advisor/Consultant

THE IMPACT OF SUSTAINABILITY ON FIRM PERFORMANCE AND THE ROLE OF INDUSTRY IN THIS RELATIONSHIP

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of sustainability on firm performance, along with the moderating role of industry in this relationship. While earlier work has examined the effect of sustainability on firm performance, whether the impact of firms’ sustainability efforts on firm performance differs depending on the industry has largely been ignored. This paper aims to fill this research gap by considering the relations between sustainability, firm performance and industry. The firm level data are obtained from Public Disclosure Platform. The hypotheses are tested using hierarchical ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. The findings show that sustainability has a positive impact on firm performance. However, industry does not moderate the relationship between sustainability and firm performance. This study aims to advance the prior research on sustainability by examining whether firms’ sustainability practices enhance their performance, and whether industry has an impact on this relationship in an emerging economy.

P-1336. Building Connections: Rise in Construction Projects correlated with New Cluster of Infantile Botulism in North Texas

Abstract Background Regional clustering of infantile botulism is well documented in throughout the United States. We report a new cluster of cases in Northeast Texas. Methods We performed a single center retrospective chart review of all patients with suspected and confirmed infant botulism admitted to Children’s Medical Center Dallas from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2023. Environmental conditions near each patient’s home prior to hospitalization were analyzed. County level data on annual birth, population, and death rates was collected from The United States Census Bureau. Construction permit data from Tyler, Texas was analyzed. Results 46 infants with suspected infant botulism presented to care and received botulism immune globulin from 2010-2023. 3 infants were excluded due to alternative neurologic diagnosis. Features of cohort (N=43) without alternative diagnosis included in Table 1. 39 infants without honey exposure were included in environmental analysis: Group 1: 2010-2016 (N=8 infants), and Group 2: 2017-2023 (N=31 infants). The mean number of yearly residential construction permits issued (235.0 vs 352.7, p=0.01) and projects finalized (208.6 vs 333.5, p=0.01) increased from 2010-2016 to 2017-2022. The mean number of yearly commercial construction permits issued (40.1.0 vs 14.5, p=&amp;lt; 0.01) and projects finalized (36.9 vs 17.5, p=0.01) decreased between 2010-2016 as compared to 2017-2022. A sudden cessation of infantile botulism cases occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic that appears to coincide with delays in construction projects being complete. There were no significant differences between the 2 cohorts in environmental changes near the patient’s home address: temperature, precipitation, wind speed or direction, soil moisture, or drought index (Table 2). Specific humidity was significantly higher (p=0.01) in the 30-60 days before admission for patients presenting 2017-2023 as compared to 2010-2016 (-0.53 g/kg vs 0.70 g/kg). Conclusion Changes in local construction patterns are associated with a notable increase in infantile botulism cases in Northeast Texas over the past 14 years. Changes in environmental conditions do not appear to play a large role in this increasing case count. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Enhancing Reservoir Operational Modelling with Satellite Altimetry-Derived Water Level Data

Enhancing Reservoir Operational Modelling with Satellite Altimetry-Derived Water Level Data

Enhanced flood prediction using LSTM and climate parameters: multi-station analysis of snowmelt-induced flooding in the Red River of the North

ABSTRACT Flooding in cold regions, particularly driven by snowmelt and climate variability, presents complex challenges for accurate prediction and effective risk management. The current study aims to bridge these gaps by integrating all three components – cold region river systems, long short-term memory (LSTM) modeling, and a broader set of climate variables. Specifically, we incorporate additional climate parameters, including air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed, into the LSTM model. Using 12 years of hourly water level data (2007–2019) from three USGS stations along the Red River – Pembina, Drayton, and Grand Forks – the model predicts water levels at lead times of 6, 12 h, 1 day, 3 days, and 1 week. The incorporation of climate variables significantly improved short-term prediction accuracy, achieving R2 values of 0.999 for 6-h forecasts across all stations, demonstrating the potential for real-time flood warning systems. For 1-week predictions, R2 values were 0.778 for Grand Forks, 0.816 for Drayton, and 0.864 for Pembina, reflecting a decrease in accuracy with longer prediction horizons. These findings highlight the effectiveness of LSTM models for short-term flood forecasting in snowmelt-prone regions and underscore the need for further refinement to address long-term hydrological forecasting challenges, particularly under variable climatic conditions.

Inflation Rate Determinants in Saudi Arabia: A Non-Linear ARDL Approach

Inflation across the globe after the COVID-19 pandemic has shown some persistence and followed an upward trend well above inflation targets and beyond normal historical movements. The Saudi inflation rate followed similar patterns of global trends, surging significantly and persisting well above the pre-pandemic levels. This paper examines determinants of inflation in Saudi Arabia, considering internal and external factors, and evaluates whether inflation responds to common global shocks or is largely influenced by macroeconomic variabilities within the economy. Findings and analyses in this paper are based on both conventional Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) and non-linear ARDL (NARDL) models using quarterly level data to capture short-run dynamics and long-run relationships between inflation rate and examined macroeconomics variables, namely oil prices real effective exchange rate, money supply, and government spending. Reported results reveal an asymmetrical relationship between oil price fluctuations and inflation rate volatilities in Saudi Arabia. Inclines in oil prices lead to higher inflation, while the decline in oil prices does not alleviate inflationary pressures, and these results are consistent both in the short-run and the long run. The influence of pass-through real effective exchange rate is also evident in transmitting global shocks to local consumer prices in the long run, where a depreciation in real effective exchange rate results in a higher cost of imported goods, exerting additional stresses on local inflation. For factors within the economy, findings indicate a substantial long-term inflationary effect of money supply on the inflation rate in Saudi Arabia, where a one percent increase in the money supply led to more than one-third increase in inflation in the long run. On the other hand, while the influence of government spending on inflation was statistically significant, its impact is less pronounced in explaining the inflation rate’s variations. The analysis reveals that the evaluated variables exert a stronger influence on inflation in the long run. This underscores the critical need for policymakers to consider the cumulative effects of these determinants when formulating effective long-term inflation stabilization policies.

IMPACT OF THE ZHAIYK RIVER ON CASPIAN SEA LEVEL

The Caspian Sea is subject to multi-year, seasonal and short-period changes in level, especially due to the influence of anthropogenic and climatic factors. The conducted correlation and regression analysis of water level data of the river Zhaiyk river – Atyrau city and the Caspian Sea - Peshnoy Station showed a fairly high linear relationship (r=0,93, R2 =0,87) between the long-term average daily values of characteristics for 2006...2023. Rise in the Zhaiyk river - Atyrau city in the period of low water is directly reflected in the sea level rise at the sea Peshnoy Station, which was clearly seen in the current year. Thus, space images of Sentinel-2 L2A satellite for April-May 2024 recorded the inflow of river water into the Caspian Sea. The assessment of the relationship between the characteristics under consideration showed that high correlations are not the main factor in determining the impact of the Zhaiyk river flow of the sea, for its northeastern part, other factors of level change (storm winds, tidal events and others) should be considered in particular.

Smoothing Data Ketinggian Air di Saluran Irigasi Menggunakan Cubic Spline

The water level data is closely related to the water discharge data in the Pesongoran Kuripan channel in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Daily data is needed by farmers to maintain the quantity of water and the quality of agricultural products. Altitude data is taken daily by irrigation workers, but the data is often available in an incomplete state. This paper aims to correct incomplete data on water level data in irrigation canals using the Cubic Spline Interpolation algorithm. This is due to the nature of the data that depends on the climate (seasonal). Therefore, Cubic Spline can be a solution to incomplete data. The first step, create a set of coordinate points from the primary data.The second step is to create a tridiagonal matrix consisting of a lower triangle matrix, a diagonal matrix and an upper diagonal matrix. The third step is the constant search using Gauss-Jordan elimination. The effectiveness of the Cubic Spline method can be seen from the error of the comparison between the set of coordinate points and the coordinate points of the interpolated results. The smaller the error, the more appropriate the expected result . The results of the study prove the effectiveness of Cubic Spline in missing data.

Water Sustainability Enhancement with UAV and AIoT: An Integrated Technology for Water Quality and Flood Hazard Monitoring using the Internet of Drones

Globally, there are challenges in minimizing the effects of water pollution and global warming everywhere. We want to apply a sensor network connected to an Esp32 and Tensorflow lite integrated system to map the flood conditions for drone-based water surface waste collection. Finally, a GSM sim 800L Module is incorporated to notify the user about the monitored conditions, such as trash level and other data. An ultrasonic sensor is utilized to detect the water level. The outcome shows a high chance of tracking water levels and monitoring floods. This innovative technology allows users to receive warnings and be warned remotely. The Inception-v3 model on clean and unclean water images obtained 97% accuracy on testing USING Inception-v3, and using the proposed circuit diagram, a prototype is developed for possible deployment in such water resource region for possible operation and application is presented in the paper.

Analysis and applications of Nakagami constant-stress model using progressive Type-II censored data

Abstract In the case of trustworthy products, accelerated life tests are crucial techniques used to gather information regarding the lifetime of the target population with a shorter time frame compared to routine investigations. The received data in higher stress levels than normal are then used to predict the reliability of the product under consideration in regular working circumstances. In this paper, the constant-stress accelerated life tests are employed when the data are obtained through a progressive Type-II censoring strategy from Nakagami populations. Besides estimating the model parameters, the reliability function under the usual use conditions is predicted using four estimation procedures. The maximum likelihood, least squares, weighted least squares and maximum product of spacing estimation approaches are utilized for estimation purposes. In addition, two interval estimation methods are considered utilizing the asymptotic features of the maximum likelihood and maximum product of spacing estimates. A simulation investigation is conducted to evaluate the efficiency of diverse point and interval estimations beneath various strategies involving sample sizes, effective number of failures, and removal designs. From a practical perspective, a pair of datasets related to the failure times of coupons cut from aluminum sheeting and white organic light-emitting diodes are explored to confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical findings.

Understanding uncertainties in the satellite altimeter measurement of coastal sea level: insights from a round-robin analysis

Abstract. The satellite radar altimetry record of sea level has now surpassed 30 years in length. These observations have greatly improved our knowledge of the open ocean and are now an essential component of many operational marine systems and climate studies. But the use of altimetry close to the coast remains a challenge from both a technical and scientific point of view. Here, we take advantage of the recent availability of many new algorithms developed for altimetry sea level computation to quantify and analyze the uncertainties associated with the choice of algorithms when approaching the coast. To achieve this objective, we did a round-robin analysis of radar altimetry data, testing a total of 21 solutions for waveform retracking, correcting sea surface heights and finally deriving sea level variations. Uncertainties associated with each of the components used to calculate the altimeter sea surface heights are estimated by measuring the spread of sea level values obtained using the various algorithms considered in the round-robin for this component. We intercompare these uncertainty estimates and analyze how they evolve when we go from the open ocean to the coast. At regional scale, complementary analyses are performed through comparisons with independent tide gauge observations. The results show that tidal corrections and uncertainties in the mean sea surface can be significant contributors to uncertainties in sea level estimates in many coastal regions. However, improving the quality and robustness of the retracking algorithm used to derive both the range and the sea state bias correction is today the main factor to bring accurate altimetry sea level data closer to the shore than ever before.

P1037 Prevalence and factors associated with obesity in patients with IBD treated with infliximab and vedolizumab across the United Kingdom (UK)

Abstract Background Adipose tissue has a regulatory role in innate and adaptive immune processes and obesity has been linked to non-response to medical therapies and disease progression in patients with IBD1. Few studies have estimated the prevalence of obesity in patients with IBD in the UK and none have assessed associations with geographical determinants of health. We sought to define in adult patients with IBD treated with infliximab and vedolizumab who were recruited to the UK CLARITY IBD2 study the: 1. Prevalence of overweight and obesity 2. Demographic, geographic and disease factors associated with obesity 3. Influence of obesity on mood and anxiety 4. Relationship between obesity and geographical determinants of health Methods Obesity was defined according to World Health Organisation body mass index (BMI) definitions for adults. Mood and anxiety disorders were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) and General Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7). We collapsed individual’s postcodes to Level Super Output Areas (England and Wales) and data zones (Scotland) and extracted income decile from the index of multiple deprivation. We extracted geographical determinants of health data from the Access to Healthy Assests and Hazards [AHAH] (Version 3)3. This index combines health indicators across four domains: retail environment, health services, the physical environment and air quality. Income decile was extracted from the index of multiple deprivation. Statistical analyses were undertaken comparing patients with obesity with those who were overweight or had a normal BMI. Multivariable analyses were restricted to patients living in England. Results Body mass index data were available in 98.3% (6664/7020) of adults. Overall, 31.9% (1685/6664 95% confidence interval [CI] 30.8-33.0) and 25.3% (1685/6664 95% CI 24.2-26.3) patients were overweight and obese, respectively. The highest prevalence of obesity was observed in the West Midlands and the lowest prevalence in London and Scotland (Figure 1). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that obesity was independently associated with female sex, older age, non-Asian ethnicity, non-smoking and active IBD (PRO-2). Obesity was associated with mild, moderate and severe depression but not anxiety. Obesity did not vary by urban or rural location. Obesity was significantly associated with higher deprivation scores but not the overall AHAH score. Factors associated with obesity are shown in Figure 2. Conclusion Obesity is common in UK patients living with IBD and is independently associated with female sex, older age, non-Asian ethnicity, geographical region, non-smoking, active IBD and deprivation.