General Population Data Research Articles

Fit-for-work: mental health and alcohol indicators in male-dominated industries

PurposeRisky alcohol use can reduce productivity at work and impact employees’ mental health and wellbeing. Several risk factors converge in male-dominated industries, which can increase risky drinking and deteriorate mental health. This paper aims to explore the prevalence of risky drinking and psychological distress in a male-dominated industry compared with that in the general population.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from four manufacturing sites in Australia. In total, 450 workers were invited to participate in a survey that measured drinking behaviours using AUDIT-C and psychological distress using the K10, along with demographics including age, gender, job role and ethnicity. The observed outcome measures were compared with general population data available through publicly available data sets.FindingsSurveys were returned by 341 employees, of which 319 completed AUDIT-C. AUDIT-C and K10 scores were significantly correlated (R = 0.31, p < 0.0001). Hazardous drinking was more prevalent among workers than in Australian general population (66.1% vs 23.6%). Binge drinking was greater among workers than in the general population (25.4% vs 26.5%). The difference was higher among female workers than among male workers (35.1% vs 10.8%).Originality/valueThe findings of this study show a significantly greater risk of alcohol-related harm among workers in male-dominated industries compared with that in the general population. This risk is more pronounced among women, who also experienced greater rates of moderate and high psychological distress compared with those experienced by the general population. A fitness-for-work approach is proposed to minimise alcohol-related harm among workers in male-dominated industries. Moreover, male-dominated industries are proposed to consider the interconnectivity of other workplace health and safety factors.

Attachment style and children and young people with chronic dermatological conditions.

Dermatological conditions are common in childhood and, in their more severe forms, can cause pain, disability and social marginalisation. Despite attachment being a known factor contributing to psychological and physiological development in childhood and several adult studies showing associations between attachment and dermatology outcomes (Tomas-Aragones, 2018), attachment in young dermatology patients has not been investigated. This study examined if (1) 8-16-year-olds with chronic dermatological conditions were more likely to show attachment insecurity than general population peers; (2) attachment style was linked to psychological functioning; and (3) facial involvement was associated with attachment insecurity. One hundred and twenty-two 8-16-year-olds attending a specialist paediatric dermatological service were compared on the Child Attachment Interview (CAI) to general population data. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to measure psychosocial functioning. The dermatology group was significantly more likely to be insecurely attached than their general population peers (χ2 [1] = 4.76, p < .05). The secure group self-reported significantly better psychological functioning on all indices compared with the insecure group (Total Difficulties: F[1,89] = 15.30, p < .001). There were no significant differences between secure and insecure groups on parent-reported psychological measures (Total Difficulties: F[1,94] = 0.67, p = .42). Children with facial involvement were not significantly more likely to be insecurely attached. Increased risk of attachment insecurity, particularly in the anxious pre-occupied category, as well as an association between attachment and psychosocial functioning resonated with adult studies suggesting that further research about the role of attachment with young dermatology patients is warranted.

A study of seroprevalence and the associated risk factors of hepatitis C at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai

BackgroundHepatitis C is a hepatotropic virus and shows varied presentation of signs and symptoms in positive cases. The estimated global prevalence of hepatitis C is around 1%. There is lack of data in general population in India on prevalence of hepatitis C, except in targeted population like blood banks. Aims & objectivesThe study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital to estimate seroprevalence of hepatitis C in both sexes & different age groups, association of hepatitis C with signs and symptoms, possible risk factors for the transmission and co morbidities. MethodA prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one year (2018–2019) at a tertiary care hospital and included 600 subjects at a tertiary care hospital. A detailed history of patient was recorded. Five milliliter of blood was collected for testing Hepatitis C by ELISA test. Results were analyzed statistically. ResultHepatitis C seroprevalence of 1.8% was observed in present study. It was predominantly seen in age group 0–10yrs (7%). Significant risk factors for hepatitis C were multiple blood transfusions (38.5%). Thalassemia was a statistically significant comorbidity (1.5%) associated with hepatitis C. ConclusionHepatitis C was found more prevalent in 0–10year thalassemic age group. So, a continuous periodic screening of Hepatitis C especially in high-risk groups, like cases of Thalassemia and also in blood transfusion recipients is essential for an early diagnosis.An early diagnosis can improve clinical outcome in the patient, as appropriate therapy and management can be initiated at the earliest, thus, decreasing mortality and morbidity seen in hepatitis C cases.

701-P: Psychological Resources of Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus during Transition from a Pediatric to Adult Diabetes Clinic—A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: The period of transition of patients with type 1 diabetes from pediatric to adult-oriented health care is very vulnerable time, as it is associated with poorer glycemic control and less frequent clinic attendance. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychological parameters of transitioning young patients with type 1 diabetes during the 1st visit in adult outpatient clinic. Methods: We examined 50 consecutive patients (56% females) transitioning from 03.2021 - 11.2022 into adult care (3 diabetes centers from 3 regions in southern Poland (A=16; B=21; C= 13)) and their basic demographic information. All patients fulfilled the following psychological questionnaires: STAI, GSES, PSS-10, SWLS, AIS, MHLC and CECS. Furthermore, we made comparison of data obtained in the study with data for general healthy population and general population with persons with diabetes. Results: During the first adult outpatients visit patients mean age was 19.2±1.4 yrs. with 9.8±4.3 yrs. of diabetes duration and BMI 23.5±3.1 kg/m2. Considering the therapy type: 67% of patients were treated with insulin pump therapy while 33% with multiple daily injections. There was no difference regarding the level of life satisfaction, perceived level of stress and state anxiety between studied population and general/diabetes population. Studied patients had similar locus of health control and negative emotions control in comparison to general population of diabetes. Patients had higher level of suppression of negative emotions: anger, depression, and anxiety than age matched general population. In addition, our population was characterized by higher acceptance of illness and higher level of self-efficacy compared to general/diabetes population. Conclusions: This study indicated good psychological resources and coping mechanisms of young patients transitioning to adult outpatient clinic. Disclosure B.Matejko: Consultant; Medtronic, Roche Diagnostics, BIOTON S.A. K.M.Cyranka: Other Relationship; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Roche Diabetes Care, Abbott, Research Support; Medtronic. A.Juza: None. K.Nabrdalik: Research Support; BIOTON S.A., Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk, Abbott, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Lilly Diabetes, AstraZeneca. H.Kwiendacz: Speaker's Bureau; Sanofi, Novo Nordisk. J.Gumprecht: Advisory Panel; Abbott, Medtronic, Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk A/S, Lilly, AstraZeneca, Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Sanofi, Bayer Inc., KRKA, Ascensia Diabetes Care. M.Malecki: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, Novo Nordisk, Lilly, Sanofi, Dexcom, Inc., Bayer Inc., Research Support; Medtronic, Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca, AlfaSigma, Merck &amp; Co., Inc., BIOTON S.A., Servier Laboratories, KRKA. T.Klupa: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, Ascensia Diabetes Care, Sanofi, BIOTON S.A., Speaker's Bureau; Medtronic, Abbott Diabetes, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Servier Laboratories.

Mapping the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) onto SF-6D Using Swedish General Population Data.

Mapping algorithms can be used for estimating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) when studies apply non-preference-based instruments. In this study, we estimate a regression-based algorithm for mapping between the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) and the preference-based instrument SF-6D to obtain preference estimates usable in health economic evaluations. This was done separately for the working and non-working populations, as WHODAS 2.0discriminates between these groups when estimating scores. Using a dataset including 2258 participants from the general Swedish population, we estimated the statistical relationship between SF-6D and WHODAS 2.0. We applied three regression methods, i.e., ordinary least squares (OLS), generalized linear models (GLM), and Tobit, in mapping onto SF-6D from WHODAS2.0 at the overall-score and domain levels. Root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used for validation of the models; R2 was used to assess model fit. The best-performing models for both the working and non-working populations were GLM models with RMSE ranging from 0.084 to 0.088, MAE ranging from 0.068 to 0.071, and R2 ranging from 0.503 to 0.608. When mapping from the WHODAS2.0 overall score, the preferred model also included sex for both the working and non-working populations. When mapping from the WHODAS2.0 domain level, the preferred model for the working population included the domains mobility, household activities, work/study activities, and sex. For the non-working population, the domain-level model included the domains mobility, household activities, participation, and education. It is possible to apply the derived mapping algorithms for health economic evaluations in studies using WHODAS 2.0. As conceptual overlap is incomplete, we recommend using the domain-based algorithms over the overall score. Different algorithms must be applied depending on whether the population is working or non-working, due to the characteristics of WHODAS 2.0.

#6569 PREDICTION OF ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS USING FOUR MODELS OF MACHINE LEARNING

Abstract Background and Aims Prediction tools developed from general population data to predict all-cause mortality are not adapted to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), as this population has a higher risk of mortality. This study aimed to create a clinical prediction tool with good predictive performance to predict 2-year all-cause mortality in patients with stage 4 or 5 CKD using an innovative approach with machine learning models and a synthetic population. Method The national, observational, descriptive and prospective Photo-Graphe 3 study was used to create the learning database. Four models (i) logistic regression; (ii) deep learning; (iii) random forest and (iv) Bayesian network were used to create four prediction tools. The performance of each model, including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) value, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), was evaluated and compared using 10-fold cross-validation. The prediction tool with the best performance was selected and optimized using a synthetic population and the explanatory variables most related to mortality. The synthetic population was created by the Bayesian imputation method. The variables most associated with 2-year all-cause mortality were determined by compromising the number of variables selected and the AUC-ROC value when successively adding the variable according to its percentage variance value. The performance of the optimized prediction tool in predicting 2-year mortality was then evaluated by 10-fold cross validation. Results All prediction tools except the one developed with the random forest model showed satisfactory discrimination (AUC-ROC ≥ 0.70). Overall, the prediction tools developed using the Bayesian network and logistic regression tended to have better performance. Although not significantly different from logistic regression, the prediction tool developed using the Bayesian network was chosen for further development because of its advantages. From the 534 patients in the study population, a synthetic population of 2000 patients (survivor:death ratio = 1:1) was created. The seven most informative variables ranked in descending order were: age, ESA, CV history, smoking status, 25-OH vitamin D level, PTH level, and ferritin level (Figure 1). The optimized clinical prediction tool had satisfactory internal performance. The mean accuracy was 73.8% (SD = 3.6), the mean AUC-ROC was 0.81 (SD = 0.03), the mean sensitivity was 71.0% (SD = 5.4), the mean specificity was 76.5% (SD = 3.0), the mean PPV was 75.1% (SD = 3.2), and the mean NPV was 72.6% (SD = 4.1). Conclusion Bayesian network model was used to create a seven-variable prediction tool to predict the 2-year all-cause mortality in patients with stage 4–5 CKD. This prediction tool has a satisfactory performance. Prior to external validation, the proposed prediction tool can be used at: https://bit.ly/3JPhrkh for research purpose. This is the first time that a synthetic population has been applied to create predictive models. In this study, the synthetic population showed its advantage in dealing with sample size issues in developing predictive models and in improving the performance of the prediction tool in terms of sensitivity and PPV.

Prolonged Unmet Mental Health Needs of the 2017 Pohang Earthquake Survivors.

Two years after the 2017 Pohang earthquake, some people sought follow-up mental health support. The demographic and clinical characteristics of this unique group of people were investigated to identify some insights on the predisposing factors of the longterm need for psychiatric help after a severe earthquake disaster. De-identified data from those seeking mental health support 2 years after the 2017 Pohang earthquake were used. The descriptive statistics of demographic and clinical characteristics of the study group was identified and paired with general population data obtained from open and public governmental websites. Sex, age distribution, destruction of house, and psychiatric disorder were compared between the follow-up sample and general population. The proportion of women in the group seeking support was two times higher than that in the general population, and people ages between 50 and 70 years commonly sought support. The severity of home destruction was higher among people who sought and needed follow-up mental health support programs than in the general population. There was a higher proportion of people with psychiatric disorders in the group seeking support than in the general population. The need for long-term mental health support 2 years after an earthquake was higher in women than in men and those aged between 50 and 70 years, and those with a previous psychiatric history and with a higher severity of home destruction, which lead to necessitating leaving the home. Future earthquake response should include screening and psychiatric treatment referral and residential support in vulnerable people.

The New Definition and Epidemiology of Extensive Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in 2020

The objective: to study the epidemiology and incidence of XDR tuberculosis given the updated definition.Subjects and Methods. The results of replies to the specialized inquiry by the Russian Ministry of Health about results of microbiological diagnostics and MTB drug susceptibility tests were studied. To assess the incidence of pre-extensive drug resistance, general population data were used, and for extensive drug resistance, data from 8 regions of Russia were used.Results. The incidence of pre-extensive drug resistance was 39,1% [95% CI 38,4–39,8] among tuberculosis cases with rifampicin resistance including 26,8% in new cases [95% CI 25,8–27,9]; among all cases receiving treatment for whom DST results were available, it made 20,2%, including primary resistance in 9,7%. The incidence of XDR among cases with pre-extensive drug resistance was 3,0% [95% uncertainty interval 1,8–5,3] for all cases, including primary resistance in 1,6% [95% uncertainty interval 0,2–5,7].Conclusion. Despite the low incidence of pre-extensive drug resistance, it is expected to increase primarily due to growing resistance to fluoroquinolones. Resistance to innovative drugs, in particular XDR, is not yet a serious problem.

Abstract LB128: Cardiovascular disease mortality among cancer survivors by race and ethnicity in the United States

Abstract Background Cancer survivors have higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality than the general population but comprehensive data by race and ethnicity are limited. Methods Data from 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries were used to identify adults diagnosed with invasive cancer at ages ≥20 years from 2000 to 2018. CVD mortality was calculated for five mutually exclusive race/ethnicity categories (non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native [AIAN], non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander [API], Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black [Black], and non-Hispanic White [White]). Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were estimated to compare mortality rates in cancer survivors to their counterparts in the general population. Analyses were stratified by demographic factors, CVD subtype, and cancer site. Results During a mean follow up of 5.3 person-years among 5,786,876 survivors (20-64 years, 49.3%; men, 51.2%; White, 71.7%; Black, 10.1%; Hispanic, 10.9%; API, 7%, AIAN, 0.3%), 358,970 CVD deaths (cardiac death, 76.9%; cerebrovascular death, 15.9%) occurred. CVD mortality per 10,000 person-years was highest among survivors who were Black (122.9), followed by White (114.7), AIAN (86.7), API (78.6) and Hispanic (75.3). In contrast, SMRs were greatest among AIAN survivors (SMR=1.42, 95% CI=1.32-1.51), followed by API (SMR=1.39, 1.37-1.41), Hispanic (SMR=1.29, 1.27-1.30), Black (SMR=1.19, 1.17-1.20) and White (SMR=1.08, 1.07-1.08) survivors. Among survivors ages 20-64 years, Black survivors were approximately three times as likely to die from cardiac death as Hispanic or API survivors (46.7 vs. 14.5-17.6 per 10,000). SMR, however, was 1.47 among Hispanic survivors (95% CI=1.42-1.51) and 1.80 among API survivors (95% CI=1.42-1.51), greater than 1.25 among Black survivors (95% CI=1.22-1.27). Across cancer types, the highest SMR was among API survivors of pancreatic cancer (SMR=5.27, 3.83-7.08) and brain cancer (SMR=4.56, 3.10-6.48) in ages 20-64 years and among Hispanic (SMR=3.77, 3.09-4.56) and API survivors of brain cancer (SMR=3.24, 2.40-4.28) in ages ≥65 years. Conclusion Black survivors had the greatest CVD mortality of all groups, demonstrating that CVD health disparities in the general population extend to cancer survivors. Despite the lower absolute mortalities, relative risks compared to their counterparts in the general population were greatest among API and Hispanic survivors, implying a greater impact of cancer diagnosis on the risk of CVD death among survivors of these populations. Targeted primary care and cardio-oncologic intervention strategies are needed to improve CVD outcomes and achieve cardiovascular health equity among cancer survivors. Citation Format: Lauren Nisotel, Rebecca L. Siegel, Eric H. Yang, Ahmedin Jemal, Hyuna Sung. Cardiovascular disease mortality among cancer survivors by race and ethnicity in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 2 (Clinical Trials and Late-Breaking Research); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB128.

COVID-19 infection, admission and death and the impact of corticosteroids among people with rare autoimmune rheumatic disease during the second wave of COVID-19 in England: results from the RECORDER Project.

To calculate the rates of COVID-19 infection and COVID-19-related death among people with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases (RAIRD) during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England, and describe the impact of corticosteroids on outcomes. Hospital Episode Statistics data were used to identify people alive on 1 August 2020 with ICD-10 codes for RAIRD from the whole population of England. Linked national health records were used to calculate rates and rate ratios of COVID-19 infection and death up to 30 April 2021. Primary definition of COVID-19-related death was mention of COVID-19 on the death certificate. NHS Digital and Office for National Statistics general population data were used for comparison. The association between 30-day corticosteroid usage and COVID-19-related death, COVID-19-related hospital admissions and all-cause deaths was also described. Of 168 330 people with RAIRD, 9961 (5.92%) had a positive COVID-19 PCR test. The age-standardized infection rate ratio between RAIRD and the general population was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.00). 1342 (0.80%) people with RAIRD died with COVID-19 on their death certificate and the age-sex-standardized mortality rate for COVID-19-related death was 2.76 (95% CI: 2.63, 2.89) times higher than in the general population. There was a dose-dependent relationship between 30-day corticosteroid usage and COVID-19-related death. There was no increase in deaths due to other causes. During the second wave of COVID-19 in England, people with RAIRD had the same risk of COVID-19 infection but a 2.76-fold increased risk of COVID-19-related death compared with the general population, with corticosteroids associated with increased risk.

Femmes à très haut risque de cancer du sein : contraception, traitement hormonal substitutif et dépistage personnalisé

Women with a high family risk of breast cancer are those with an identified genetic predisposition or those who have a suggestive family history without an identified germinal mutation, particularly for BRCA1 and BRCA2. Among these women with a very high risk of breast cancer, the fear of a potentially increased risk of breast cancer linked to some hormonal contraceptives and to the use of hormone replacement therapy, in connection with the general population data collected in literature, has led to certain reluctance to prescribe them to these women. Moreover, confusion often sets due to poor knowledge of the literature. Furthermore, the monitoring procedures consist of breast screening and strategies of risk reduction, based on recent recommendations. In order to improve the gynaecological monitoring throughout their lives, we offer here a review based on an analysis of recent literature and of the recommendations concerning personalized screening, contraception and hormone replacement therapy among women with a very high risk of breast cancer free from this illness.

A Bayesian network analysis of psychosocial risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation.

The aim of this study was to investigate and model the interactions between a range of risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation using general population data collected during the critical phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Bayesian network analyses were applied to cross-sectional data collected 1 month after the COVID-19 lockdown measures were implemented in Austria and the United Kingdom. In nationally representative samples (n = 1,005 Austria; n = 1,006 UK), sociodemographic features and a multi-domain battery of health, wellbeing and quality of life (QOL) measures were completed. Predictive accuracy was examined using the area under the curve (AUC) within-sample (country) and out-of-sample. The AUC of the Bayesian network models were ≥ 0.84 within-sample and ≥0.79 out-of-sample, explaining close to 50% of variability in suicidal ideation. In total, 15 interrelated risk and protective factors were identified. Seven of these factors were replicated in both countries: depressive symptoms, loneliness, anxiety symptoms, self-efficacy, resilience, QOL physical health, and QOL living environment. Bayesian network models had high predictive accuracy. Several psychosocial risk and protective factors have complex interrelationships that influence suicidal ideation. It is possible to predict suicidal risk with high accuracy using this information.

Geography, rurality, and community distress: deaths due to suicide, alcohol-use, and drug-use among Colorado Veterans

BackgroundIn the USA, deaths due to suicide, alcohol, or drug-related causes (e.g., alcohol-related liver disease, overdose) have doubled since 2002. Veterans appear disproportionately impacted by growing trends. Limited research has been conducted regarding the relationship between community-level factors (e.g., rurality, community distress resulting from economic conditions) and the presence of spatial clustering of suicide, alcohol-related, or drug-related deaths. We explored community-level relationships in Colorado Veterans and compared suicide, alcohol-, and drug-related death rates between the Colorado adult population and Veterans.Methods2009–2020 suicide, alcohol-related, and/or drug-related deaths were identified using qualifying multiple cause-of-death International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 codes in CDC WONDER for the general adult population and Colorado death data for Veteran populations. Age and race adjusted rates were calculated to compare risk overall and by mortality type (i.e., suicide, alcohol-related, drug-related). In Veteran decedents, age-adjusted rates were stratified by rurality and community distress, measured by the Distressed Communities Index. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated to measure spatial autocorrelation and identify clusters using global and local Moran’s I, respectively.Results6.4% of Colorado Veteran deaths (n = 6948) were identified as being related to suicide, alcohol, or drugs. Compared to rates in the general population of Colorado adults, Veterans had 1.8 times higher rates of such deaths overall (2.1 times higher for suicide, 1.8 times higher for alcohol-related, 1.3 times higher for drug-related). Among Veterans, community distress was associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related [age-adjusted rate per 100,000 (95% CI) = 129.6 (89.9–193.1)] and drug-related deaths [95.0 (48.6–172.0)]. This same significant association was not identified among those that died by suicide. Rurality was not associated with risk for any of the deaths of interest. There was significant spatial clustering for alcohol-related deaths in southeast Colorado.ConclusionsColorado Veterans have higher rates of deaths due to suicide, alcohol-related, and drug-related causes compared to members of the general adult population. Upstream prevention efforts, such as community-based interventions targeting alcohol-use and community economic distress, are warranted. More research is also needed to understand how community distress and other social determinants of health impact the community burden of suicide, alcohol-related, and drug-related mortality.

First indication of perfluoroalkyl substances in human serum from Papua New Guinea

Human biomonitoring programs of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been conducted around the world to assess human exposure and health risk. Inquiry into population PFAS levels in a socioeconomically and geographically unique region such as the Pacific Island Papua New Guinea, may provide new insights into PFAS exposure pathways and sources. This study presented the first indication of PFAS exposure in the Papua New Guinea population. De-identified serum samples were pooled from surplus pathology serum samples collected between 2019 and 2020. A total of 11 PFAS were detected in the serum pools including 10 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) and 9Cl-F53B (a perfluorooctane sulfonic acid - PFOS alternative). The observed PFAA profile was somewhat similar to that observed for general population data of other countries such as Australia, Malaysia, and Canada suggesting similar exposure sources and/or pathways. However, PFAS concentrations were consistently lower than concentrations in the serum measured in pools obtained from Australia. The detection of 9Cl-F53B in all pools was a new finding which might be related to exposure from locally industrial sources.

Differential COVID-19 infection rates in children, adults, and elderly: Systematic review and meta-analysis of 38 pre-vaccination national seroprevalence studies.

Debate exists about whether extra protection of elderly and other vulnerable individuals is feasible in COVID-19. We aimed to assess the relative infection rates in the elderly vs the non-elderly and, secondarily, in children vs adults. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of seroprevalence studies conducted in the pre-vaccination era. We identified representative national studies without high risk of bias through SeroTracker and PubMed searches (last updated May 17, 2022). We noted seroprevalence estimates for children, non-elderly adults, and elderly adults, using cut-offs of 20 and 60 years (or as close to these ages, if they were unavailable) and compared them between different age groups. We included 38 national seroprevalence studies from 36 different countries comprising 826 963 participants. Twenty-six of these studies also included pediatric populations and twenty-five were from high-income countries. The median ratio of seroprevalence in elderly vs non-elderly adults (or non-elderly in general, if pediatric and adult population data were not offered separately) was 0.90-0.95 in different analyses, with large variability across studies. In five studies (all in high-income countries), we observed significant protection of the elderly with a ratio of <0.40, with a median of 0.83 in high-income countries and 1.02 elsewhere. The median ratio of seroprevalence in children vs adults was 0.89 and only one study showed a significant ratio of <0.40. The main limitation of our study is the inaccuracies and biases in seroprevalence studies. Precision shielding of elderly community-dwelling populations before the availability of vaccines was indicated in some high-income countries, but most countries failed to achieve any substantial focused protection. Open Science Framework (available at: https://osf.io/xvupr).

Prevalence & Risk Factors for Perinatal Stroke: A Population-Based Study.

The study objective was to calculate the birth prevalence of perinatal stroke and examine risk factors in term infants. Some risk factors are present in healthy infants, making it difficult to determine at-risk infants. Prospective population-based perinatal stroke data were compared to the Australian general population data using chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Sixty perinatal stroke cases were reported between 2017 and 2019. Estimated stroke prevalence was 9.6/100,000 live births/year including 5.8 for neonatal arterial ischemic stroke and 2.9 for neonatal hemorrhagic stroke. Eighty seven percent had multiple risk factors. Significant risk factors were cesarean section (p = 0.04), 5-min Apgar score <7 (p < 0.01), neonatal resuscitation (p < 0.01) and nulliparity (p < 0.01). Statistically significant independent risk factors do not fully explain the cause of perinatal stroke, because they are not a direct causal pathway to stroke. These data now require validation in a case-control study.

Beyond the medals: a cross-sectional study exploring retired elite female athletes’ health

ObjectivesLittle is known about the impact of elite sport participation on long-term athlete health. We aimed to: (1) describe musculoskeletal, mental health, reproductive/endocrine and cardiovascular characteristics in retired elite female...

Quality of life after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors for lung cancer; the impact of age

IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized lung cancer treatment. However, it remains unclear as to whether changes in Health-Related Quality-of-Life (HRQoL) are associated with the age of lung cancer patients treated using ICIs. This study aimed to evaluate this possible association and to compare ICI-treated patients’ HRQoL scores with normative data of an age-matched non-cancer general population. MethodsLung cancer patients from the OncoLifeS data-biobank were included if they were treated with ICIs, irrespective of other treatments, at the University Medical Center Groningen between 2015 and 2021 and had completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTCQLQ-C30), both at the start of ICI treatment and after six months. Association of age as a continuous variable (per 10 years) and changes in HRQoL scores between baseline and 6 months was assessed using multivariable regression analyses. Clinical relevance of differences in HRQoL scores between OncoLifeS and the general population was classified into trivial, small, medium, and large, for three age groups (<60, 60–69 and ≥ 70 years). Results151 patients were included with a mean age of 65.8 years. An increase in age per 10 years was associated with a larger decrease in the summary HRQoL score(β = -3.28,CI95%-6.42;-0.14), physical(β = -4.8, CI95% −8.71;-0.88), cognitive(β = −4.51,CI95%-8.24;−0.78), role functioning(β = −5.41,CI95%-10.78;−0.05), symptom burden(β = −3.66,CI95%-6.6;-0.73), and smaller negative changes in financial difficulties(β = 6.5 95 % CI 3.16; 9.85). OncoLifeS HRQoL scores were lower than those of the general population and differences were most often classified as large and medium. ConclusionOlder lung cancer patients experience larger deteriorations in most HRQoL domains after 6 months of ICI treatment. Also, these patients showed significantly lower HRQoL scores compared to the general population.

Analisis Usahatani Padi di Selogiri Wonogiri

Farming activities are a source of farmers' income and are expected to be profitable or provide maximum profits to implement business sustainability. The aim research was to analyze the profitability and factors that influence the income of rice farming in Selogiri. The study was conducted from January – March 2022. The research location was in Selogiri District, Wonogiri Regency, which was chosen purposively because it has the highest rice area in Wonogiri Regency. Survey methods were used in the research, with 96 farmers selected as respondents. The types of data used were primary and secondary. Preliminary data were taken from interviews with farmers in Selogiri District consisting of production costs, investment, and respondent data. Secondary data were of BPS data, journals, and literacy taken from the internet, including the research location's general condition, population data, maps, and bank deposit interest rates. Data were analyzed by analyzing profitability and multiple linear regression analysis. They showed that farming is profitable, with a profitability value of 77.86% and a BRI bank interest rate of 2.3%. Prices of seeds, fertilizers, pesticide labor wages, irrigation prices, and land rents simultaneously affect income. In contrast, fertilizer prices, labor wages, and irrigation prices partially affect income.

1937. COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution in Massachusetts Jails

Abstract Background Vaccination is one of the main mitigation strategies to protect people from COVID19 mortality. People incarcerated in jails experienced disparate rates of COVID19 infection compared to people in the community, thus operationalization of COVID19 vaccine delivery in jails was prioritized in several states, including Massachusetts (MA). The goal of this project was to track COVID19 vaccine ordering in MA jails and compare numbers and types of COVID19 vaccines ordered by MA jails to those in the MA community, with specific attention to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) guidelines for COVID19 vaccines. Methods MA jails received COVID19 vaccines free of charge through the MA Department of Public Health. We requested de-identified, facility-level data from the MA DPH including: number of vaccines ordered by each jail, type of vaccine, and date of the vaccine order from December 2020 - January 2022. We obtained COVID19 vaccines distribution data for the MA general population from the CDC. Results Vaccine orders were available for 13/14 MA jails. A total of 23,060 vaccines were ordered from the MA DPH between December 2020 - January 2022. January 2021 marked the highest number of vaccine orders by the jails, and all other months were orders &amp;lt; 33% of the January 2021 order. Moderna COVID vaccines were most frequently ordered by the MA jails (88%), followed by Janssen (11%) then Pfizer (1%). In the general population, Pfizer was the most frequently distributed vaccine type (59%), followed by Moderna (37%), then Janssen (4%). Conclusion Prioritization of jails in MA led to a strong initial push for vaccine distribution which then waned. Potential reasons for the drop in orders include: the initial vaccine orders in January 2021 may have lasted several months, people entering jail after spring 2021 may have received vaccines in the community, and clinical and administrative fatigue may have limited continued robust vaccine protocols. Tracking COVID-19 vaccine orders by jails is a way to assess equitable vaccine operationalization. As recommendations for vaccination evolve, public health and carceral leaders should collaborate to ensure consistent low-barrier COVID19 vaccine access in jails Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.