Descriptive Data Research Articles

Machine learning-based estimation of patient body weight from radiation dose metrics in computed tomography.

Currently, precise patient body weight (BW) at the time of diagnostic imaging cannot always be used for radiation dose management. Various methods have been explored to address this issue, including the application of deep learning to medical imaging and BW estimation using scan parameters. This study develops and evaluates machine learning-based BW prediction models using 11 features related to radiation dose obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans. A dataset was obtained from 3996 patients who underwent positron emission tomography CT scans, and training and test sets were established. Dose metrics and descriptive data were automatically calculated from the CT images or obtained from Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine metadata. Seven machine-learning models and three simple regression models were employed to predict BW using features such as effective diameter (ED), water equivalent diameter (WED), and mean milliampere-seconds. The mean absolute error (MAE) and correlation coefficient between the estimated BW and the actual BW obtained from each BW prediction model were calculated. Our results found that the highest accuracy was obtained using a light gradient-boosting machine model, which had an MAE of 1.99kg and a strong positive correlation between estimated and actual BW (ρ=0.972). The model demonstrated significant predictive power, with 73% of patients falling within a±5% error range. WED emerged as the most relevant dose metric for BW estimation, followed by ED and sex. The proposed machine-learning approach is superior to existing methods, with high accuracy and applicability to radiation dose management. The model's reliance on universal dose metrics that are accessible through radiation dose management software enhances its practicality. In conclusion, this study presents a robust approach for BW estimation based on CT imaging that can potentially improve radiation dose management practices in clinical settings.

Oral Health-related Quality of Life of Children with Special Health Care Needs in Riyadh: A Cross-sectional Study.

To assess children's OHRQoL and associated factors among a sample of children with special needs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A sample of 6- to 12-year-old children was obtained using convenience sampling from rehabilitation centers. Data were collected through a questionnaire and dental examination. The questionnaire included items related to the children's and their families' characteristics, oral health-related quality of life scales (Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire [P-CPQ] and Family Impact Scale [FIS]), perceived health status, and dental care utilisation. Clinical examination was performed by a trained and calibrated dentist. The data were analysed using SPSS; descriptive and inferential data analyses were also performed using SPSS. The mean P-CPQ was 1.10 ± 0.74, and the mean FIS was 1.39 ± 0.88. There was a statistically significant correlation between P-CPQ and caries (r = 0.36, p = 0.02). After controlling for confounders, caries was associated with poor P-CPQ (B = 0.06, p = 0.024). Compared to low-income families, higher-income families had better P-CPQ (4000-8000 SAR: B = -1.36, p = 0.001). Poor oral health-related quality of life in Saudi children is associated with caries and low income. Preventive measures addressing social determinants are vital to control caries and promote oral health in children with special health-care needs.

The Impact of Non-Labeled Response Categories of Rating Scales: An Example with Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Two Self-Regulation Scales for Exercise

ABSTRACT As part of a validation study of the Exercise Planning and Scheduling (EPS), and Goal-Setting (EGS) Scales, which were translated from English to Brazilian Portuguese, we aim to: present evidence of reliability and validity for the translated scale; and, explore the effects of non-labeled response categories of rating scales. The sample comprised 446 Brazilians, 82.5% female with a mean age of 32.89 (±12.21) years. The McDonald’s ω was 0.883 and 0.899 for EPS and EGS, respectively. Descriptive data and the Rasch Models confirmed that participants tended to endorse labeled categories on 5-point Likert-type scales. The model tested with the revised response scale presented better fit indices and lower values of residual statistics than the original one. These findings contribute psychometric evidence on a translated scale that could be used in future health promotion initiatives, and suggest a psychometric characteristic – response category labeling – that warrants future attention in measurement development.

Implementation of Environmental Education Based on Madura Local Wisdom to Increase Student Scientific Literacy

Environmental Education is a lecture process that provides insight to students regarding the understanding and awareness of the environment as a means of sustainable development. Environmental education lectures can be used as a means to improve students' science literacy skills. Science literacy skills can increase in learning associated with local wisdom. Local wisdom has an important relationship with education, this is important for the development of education, so the educational process must be conducive to connecting learning with the environment. Therefore, local wisdom needs to be associated with learning, one of which is with environmental education lectures. The purpose of this research is to improve students' science literacy skills applied to Environmental Education lectures based on Madura local wisdom. This research is a quantitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation and tests. Then, the data obtained was analyzed using quantitative descriptive data analysis. The results showed that science literacy in the science process domain for indicators identified scientific problems by 7.6%, explained scientific phenomena by 7.4%, and used scientific evidence by 66%. The achievement of science literacy in the science content domain was 78% (good category). Science literacy in the realm of students' attitudes towards science as a whole reached 76.3% (good category). The average result of students' overall science literacy achievement was 72% (sufficient category). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that research on the Implementation of Environmental Education Lectures Based on Madura Local Wisdom to Improve Student Scientific Literacy can improve students' science literacy skills and teach environmental conservation and local wisdom on Madura Island

Analisis akuntabilitas kinerja instansi pemerintah pada Dinas Kesehatan Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

Government Agency Performance Accountability is a form an agency’s abligation to accoun for the success and failure of mission implementation in achieving set goals and objectives. This study aims to find out how accountability for the performances of government agencies in the Regional Health Office of North Sulawesi Province. This type of research is descriptive qualitative data analysis method used in this research is descriptive method. The results of this study indicate that performance accountability (starting from strategic planning to performance evaluation) of the Regional Health Office of North Sulawesi Province is in accordance with Presidential Regulation No. 29 of 2014. However, in terms of performance measurement, there are several indicators that were not achieved due to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020-2021 which resulted in not implementing hospital accreditation and an increase in the number of maternal deaths. As well as there are abstacles that occur in performance reporting in the LAKIP preparation process, namely in terms of ability to prepare LAKIP and there are delays in data collection and in data processing the lack of ability of staff to use existing applications.

The Role of Merapi FM Community Radio in Disaster Mitigation At Merapi Slope Residential Area Cluntang, Musuk, Boyolali

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Merapi FM community radio in reducing disaster risk in the potential disaster exposure area of the Musuk Boyolali sub-district. This research method is empirical research or field research with a qualitative approach. Qualitative research is research that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and behaviour that can be understood. This approach is data collection in the form of oral, written, and also in the form of image documentation. Data from a qualitative descriptive approach can come from interviews, photographs, field notes, video recordings, memos and official documents. The results showed that the community plays an active role in disaster risk reduction efforts in the Cluntang area, namely through disaster response training, environmental preservation, trauma healing, and regional arts and culture. Based on the results of the research, the role of Merapi FM community radio in mitigation and disaster risk reduction in the Cluntang area is (1) Carrying out its role and function by facilitating the needs of the community to reduce the risk of the Merapi disaster, (2) Mobilising the community to be directly involved in all activities, starting from on-air and off-air activities.

Nursing Administrative Organization and its Relationship to the Performance Efficiency of Nursing Department Officials

A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted for the period from September 8, 2023 to April 25, 2024, with the aim of identifying the nursing administrative organization and its relationship to the efficiency of the performance of nursing department officials at Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. A purposive sample of (50) responsible nurses from this hospital was selected. The charge nurses were selected and had a college degree, a technical diploma, a middle school certificate, and a nursing school certificate. The nurses included in the study were those who had more than three years of nursing management experience. A questionnaire form was prepared for the purpose of the study, consisting of main parts: demographic characteristics, administrative organization, and performance efficiency. The stability and credibility of the model was determined through the experimental study. The questionnaire form and structured interview technique were used as means of collecting data, and the descriptive data analysis method (frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation) and the descriptive data analysis method (T-test) were applied to analyze the data. Data. The results of the study indicated that there is a statistically significant correlation between planning and performance efficiency for these officials. The study concluded that this hospital suffers from a lack of structural job descriptions. The study recommended the necessity of opening the door to specialization in the field of health administration in academic institutions to graduate advanced cadres from a scientific and professional standpoint to keep pace with the rapid development taking place in the field of health administration and in a manner commensurate with the needs of health institutions.

The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of dental students at an Australian school.

The dentistry program is extremely demanding mentally and physically. Consequently, it can induce high levels of stress, anxiety and depression in students. There is some research in measuring these ramifications on dental students, but they lack the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic which has brought about many fundamental changes to the curriculum of dental students. The aim of this study was to assess dental students' mental health through the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) during the COVID-19 pandemic in an Australian dental School. The Bachelor of Dental Science (Honours) students enrolled in years 2-5 were requested to complete an online questionnaire that included the DASS-21 and additional questions regarding the impact of COVID-19 on quality of life. Jamovi was utilized to conduct descriptive data analysis. 179 students completed the survey with 81 males (45%) and 98 females (55%). 70.4% of the participants described elevated anxiety for the health of their loved ones and themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall mean DASS-21 scores were 7.1 (5.07) in depression, 4.9 (4.00) in anxiety and 6.5 (4.32) in stress. The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of dental students. While further research is still required, it is important for universities to recognize how this pandemic affected the mental wellbeing of students so that they can implement appropriate support programs and improve dental education. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on social and mental health worldwide, and dental students are notably affected. Recognized as a psychological risk factor, COVID-19 has been linked to an increased rate of suicidal deaths. This paper underlines the importance of recognizing the full scope of the pandemic's impact on dental students, including their views and the potential effects on their physical and mental health. The study indicates a pressing need for more robust support from the organizations to improve the mental health and overall well-being of dental students.

Evaluation of the blended public health empowerment program-basic field epidemiology in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic encouraged the shift toward technology-based learning globally, impacting education systems profoundly. In response to this emerging need, the Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET) adapted its Public Health Empowerment Program-Basic Field Epidemiology (PHEP-BFE) to a Blended Learning Model. This study evaluates the Blended PHEP-BFE program in Iraq, Egypt, and Lebanon, focusing on participant reactions and learning outcomes.MethodsA descriptive evaluation was conducted, aligned with the first two levels of Kirkpatrick's model. Online questionnaires were administered to participants and facilitators through EMPHNET's Learning Management System (LMS). Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed to assess program effectiveness, satisfaction, and challenges.ResultsA total of 138 PHEP-BFE participants (119 (86.2%) males and 19 (13.8%) females) from Iraq (n = 61), Egypt (n = 66), and Lebanon (n = 11) responded to the questionnaire. The majority of the participants (96.4%) reported that they were satisfied with PHEP-BFE. Notably, 77.5% of participants rated the blended learning program as very good or excellent, 18.1% rated it good, and 3.6% found it average, with a minimal 0.7% expressing dissatisfaction. The majority of participants agreed that the blended PHEP-BFE enhanced their capacity to conduct, review and monitor surveillance data (95.7%), perform descriptive data analysis (94.2%), effectively communicate information with agency staff and the local community (95.7%), write summaries of surveillance findings or outbreak investigations (95.7%), use MS Excel to enter, analyze, and display public health surveillance data (91.3%), prepare and administer an oral presentation for fieldwork (94.9%), and increase their knowledge of fundamental field epidemiology (94.9%). The participants responded positively to the program's content, training duration, learning platform, facilitators and mentors, and fieldwork.ConclusionThe study showcases the success of the blended PHEP-BFE in diverse contexts, emphasizing positive participant reactions and improved competencies. The evaluation underscores the program's success in advancing public health training in the EMR. Blended learning models prove promising for future FETP initiatives, contributing valuable insights to public health workforce development. Positive outcomes and identified challenges, provide a roadmap for continuous improvement.

Automatic Search for Low-surface-brightness Galaxies from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Images Using Deep Learning

Low-surface-brightness (LSB) galaxies play a crucial role in our understanding of galaxy evolution and dark matter cosmology. However, efficiently detecting them in large-scale surveys is challenging, due to their dim appearance. In this study, we propose a two-step detection method based on deep learning to address this issue. First, an object detection model called GalCenterNet was designed to detect LSB galaxy candidates in astronomical images. The model was trained using a data set of 665 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images, which contained 667 LSB galaxies. On the test set, the model achieved an accuracy of 95.05% and a recall of 96.00%. Next, an anomaly detection technique known as Deep Support Vector Data Description was applied to identify abnormal sources, thus refining the LSB candidates. By applying the two-step detection method to SDSS images, we have obtained a sample of 37,536 LSB galaxy candidates. This wide-area sample contains diverse and abundant LSB galaxies, which are valuable for studying the properties of LSB galaxies and the role that the environment plays in their evolution. The proposed detection method enables end-to-end detection from the SDSS images to the final detection results. This approach will be further employed to efficiently identify objects in the upcoming Chinese Survey Space Telescope sky survey.

Women Emancipation in Indonesia: A Psychological desire to choose the field of physics education at university level

The gender bias that places women as incapable people ultimately reduces their psychological drive to engage with the field of science, especially physics. This is in stark contrast to the prevailing attitudes at universities in Indonesia. This then became the basis for the aim of this research to explore whether women's interest in studying physics education was based on psychological factors in themselves by comparing them with men. The research was conducted using quantitative survey methods, and a sampling process using random sampling was carried out on the population of a university in Indonesia. The sample was divided into two groups based on gender: 77 women and 23 men. The data collection instrument was developed using the grounded theory of planned behavior (TPB) and social cognitive career theory (SCCT), which identified four main psychological factors: identity, interest, self-concept, and self-efficacy. The results of the descriptive and inferential data analysis, conducted using one-way MANOVA, indicate that the psychological factors of identity, interest, the self-concept, and self-efficacy for women are significantly higher than those for men. Furthermore, the Pearson analysis demonstrated a significantly strong positive correlation between the psychological factors tested

Helping Institutionalised Children through a Trusting Relationship—Findings from a One-Year Psychosocial Intervention Programme

Children growing up in institutions lack a stable relationship—essential for development. A significant proportion of them have disorganised attachment, which is associated with negative outcomes. Therefore, interventions aimed at improving attachment security are needed. We conducted a case series study (involving five participants aged 8–11 years) in a newly established psychosocial rehabilitation daycare centre to describe the changes in attachment security and mental health of institutionalised children after one year of attendance. The intervention consisted of individualised care focusing on staff building a trusting relationship with participants using the principles of Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI). Measures such as the Child Attachment Interview, SDQ, CBCL6/18, TRF6/18, and clinical interviews were used to follow change. The descriptive data of five participants are presented. All five children improved in mental health, and for two participants, organisation of attachment changed. Three children experienced relational ruptures. The findings suggest that psychosocial interventions that focus on building trusting relationships may be beneficial in institutionalised children. For these children, given their life history, it can be damaging to experience repeated breakdowns. Thus, the practical implication is that any new relationship for them with an adult should be established after an assessment of whether the relationship can be sustained.

The Extent of Implementation and Influence of Boys and Girls Brigade Philippines (BGBP) Programs

This study examines the extent of implementation and influence of the Boys and Girls Brigade Philippines (BGBP) programs. Its objectives are twofold: first, to assess the extent of implementation of its programs and determine their impact on its recipients; and second, to introduce a quality program for other institutions to adopt in addressing current societal challenges and preparing students for the VUCA world. The research employs a descriptive comparative design, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods. The quantitative data analysis used mean scores, frequency count, Kruskal-Wallis H Test, and Post-Hoc Analysis (Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner Pairwise Comparison). Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study involved 144 respondents, including administrators, teachers, students, and alumni of BGBP. Key findings reveal that all the BGBP programs are highly implemented. Also, all the BGBP programs are highly influential. There is a highly significant difference in the perception of administrators, teachers, and students on the implementation and influence of the programs. The program offers numerous benefits, such as spiritual growth, learning to live and lead for Christ, and developing leadership skills. Challenges faced include leadership issues, financial constraints, inconsistency in implementation, students’ attitudes, and parental support. To enhance the program, recommendations include strengthening the set standard, elevating the mentoring system, reinforcing parental involvement, and seeking financial support. Additionally, policymakers and curriculum makers may consider adopting BGBP as a benchmark, as it addresses current challenges and prepares students for the rapidly changing world.

How is tailored implementation undertaken using a self-guided toolkit? Qualitative study of the ItFits-toolkit in the ImpleMentAll project

BackgroundThe process of tailored implementation is ill-defined and under-explored. The ItFits-toolkit was developed and subsequently tested as a self-guided online platform to facilitate implementation of tailored strategies for internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) services. In ImpleMentAll, ItFits-toolkit had a small but positive effect on the primary outcome of iCBT normalisation. This paper investigates, from a qualitative perspective, how implementation teams developed and undertook tailored implementation using the toolkit within the trial.MethodsImplementation teams in thirteen sites from nine countries (Europe and Australia) used the ItFits-toolkit for six months minimum, consistent with the trial protocol. A qualitative process evaluation was conducted. Descriptive data regarding goals, barriers, strategies, and implementation plans collected within the toolkit informed qualitative data collection in real time. Qualitative data included remote longitudinal interviews (n = 55) with implementation team members (n = 30) and observations of support calls (n = 19) with study sites. Qualitative data were analysed thematically, using a team-based approach.ResultsImplementation teams developed and executed tailored implementation projects across all steps in the toolkit process. Working in a structured way but with room for flexibility, decisions were shaped by team members’ ideas and goals, iterative stakeholder engagement, internal and external influences, and the context of the ImpleMentAll project. Although teams reported some positive impacts of their projects, ‘time’, both for undertaking the work, and for seeing project impacts, was described as a key factor in decisions about implementation strategies and assessments of success.ConclusionThis study responds directly to McHugh et al.’s (2022) call for empirical description of what implementation tailoring looks like in action, in service settings. Self-guided facilitation of tailored implementation enables implementers in service settings to undertake tailoring within their organisations. Implementation tailoring takes considerable time and involves detailed work but can be supported through the provision of implementation science informed guidance and materials, iterative and ongoing stakeholder engagement, and working reflectively in response to external influencing factors. Directions for advancement of tailored implementation are suggested.

Analysis of the Quality of Community Satisfaction in Public Services in Tanjungpinang Class I State Detention House

This thesis research is entitled: Analysis of the Quality of Community Satisfaction in Public Services at the Tanjungpinang Class I State Detention House. This research was carried out in response to complaints from community members, especially from the families of Correctional Inmates (WBP) at the Class I Tanjungpinang State Detention House (Rutan). The aim of this research is to find out and analyze public satisfaction with public services at the Class I Tanjungpinang State Detention House and to find out and analyze the obstacles to public satisfaction with public services at the Tanjungpinang Class I State Detention House. To answer the problem formulation, researchers used research methods with a qualitative descriptive approach and data analysis techniques based on the theory of Milles & Huberman (2014). Meanwhile, to determine the level of satisfaction in public services. Researchers use indicators based on (Bernes, 2003:71), which describes the level of satisfaction with public services through five criteria, namely: Core Products or Services; Support Services System; Technical Performance; Elements of Interaction with Customers and Emotional Elements. The results of the research show that public satisfaction with the services provided by the management of the Tanjungpinang Class I State Detention House (Rutan) is not satisfactory and does not meet community expectations. It is recommended that the Head of the Tanjungpinang Class I State Detention House provide training to his employees so that they gain skills and are more insightful in carrying out their duties.

Taxonomic study of wasp species in the Polybia (Myrapetra) occidentalis group morphologically related to P. scrobalis and P. flavifrons, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)

Polybia is a genus of neotropical swarming wasps, and the largest within the Epiponini (Vespidae). The genus is dominant in the Neotropics, with more than 59 described species and eleven recognized subgenera. Myrapetra is the largest subgenus, currently with twenty-four valid species and fourteen subspecies, most of them allocated in the “P. occidentalis species-group”. Several species within Myrapetra are poorly characterized, with imprecise limits, and subspecies are largely based on color, that is highly variable feature, even among nest mates. This study is about those species of the P. occidentalis species-group which are morphologically more distinct from P. occidentalis (and its more similar neighbors), which we refer to as the species related to P. scrobalis and P. flavifrons. We describe a new species (P. rosalinae Amorim & Santos, sp. nov.) and for three subspecies we recognize the need to treat as distinct species (P. brevitarsus Richards, stat. nov.; P. hecuba Richards, stat. nov.; and P. surinama Richards, stat. nov.). In addition, we describe the males of two species and provide the first data (description and photos) on male genitalia of four taxa. P. dimorpha Richards, previously an isolated species within Myrapetra is treated as a member of the P. occidentalis species-group. Additionally, we provide a new identification key for the studied species.

Improving train services to increase student mobility and safety on the Purwakarta-Karawang route

Transportation is essential for the mobility of workers and students, yet many prefer motorcycles over public transportation like trains due to inadequate schedules and limited train availability. This choice contributes to Indonesia's high motorcycle usage and associated traffic accident risks. This study focuses on the Purwakarta-Karawang train route and its impact on student mobility at Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang. Employing a qualitative method with descriptive data collection and SWOT analysis, this research gathers student feedback on current train schedules and their impact on daily commutes. Findings indicate that increasing the number of train schedules could significantly improve student mobility and reduce the reliance on motorcycles, thereby decreasing traffic accidents. Moreover, better train schedules could enhance access to educational and employment opportunities. The study suggests that the local government should consider expanding and optimizing train services to address these issues. This research contributes to the broader field of transportation studies by highlighting the importance of efficient public transport schedules in reducing traffic accidents and supporting student mobility. It emphasizes the need for policy adjustments to improve Indonesia's public transportation infrastructure and services by proposing practical solutions.

SMOS-derived Antarctic thin sea ice thickness: data description and validation in the Weddell Sea

Abstract. Accurate satellite measurements of the thickness of Antarctic sea ice are urgently needed but pose a particular challenge. The Antarctic data presented here were produced using a method to derive the sea ice thickness from 1.4 GHz brightness temperatures previously developed for the Arctic, with only modified auxiliary data. The ability to observe the thickness of thin sea ice using this method is limited to cold conditions, meaning it is only reasonable during the freezing period, typically March to October. The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) level-3 sea ice thickness product contains estimates of the sea ice thickness and its uncertainty up to a thickness of about 1 m. The sea ice thickness is provided as a daily average on a polar stereographic projection grid with a sample resolution of 12.5 km, while the SMOS brightness temperature data used have a footprint size of about 35–40 km in diameter. Data from SMOS have been available since 2010, and the mission's operation has been extended to continue until at least the end of 2025. Here we compare two versions of the SMOS Antarctic sea ice thickness product which are based on different level-1 input data (v3.2 based on SMOS L1C v620 and v3.3 based on SMOS L1C 724). A validation is performed to generate a first baseline reference for future improvements of the retrieval algorithm and synergies with other sensors. Sea ice thickness measurements to validate the SMOS product are particularly rare in Antarctica, especially during the winter season and for the valid range of thicknesses. From the available validation measurements, we selected datasets from the Weddell Sea that have varying degrees of representativeness: Helicopter-based EM Bird (HEM), Surface and Under-Ice Trawl (SUIT), and stationary Upward-Looking Sonars (ULS). While the helicopter can measure hundreds of kilometres, SUIT's use is limited to distances of a few kilometres and thus only captures a small fraction of an SMOS footprint. Compared to SMOS, the ULS are point measurements and multi-year time series are necessary to enable a statistically representative comparison. Only four of the ULS moorings have a temporal overlap with SMOS in the year 2010. Based on selected averaged HEM flights and monthly ULS climatologies, we find a small mean difference (bias) of less than 10 cm and a root mean square deviation of about 20 cm with a correlation coefficient R > 0.9 for the valid sea ice thickness range between 0 and about 1 m. The SMOS sea ice thickness showed an underestimate of about 40 cm with respect to the less representative SUIT validation data in the marginal ice zone. Compared with sea ice thickness outside the valid range, we find that SMOS strongly underestimates the real values, which underlines the need for combination with other sensors such as altimeters. In summary, the overall validity of the SMOS sea ice thickness for thin sea ice up to a thickness of about 1 m has been demonstrated through validation with multiple datasets. To ensure the quality of the SMOS product, an independent regional sea ice extent index was used for control. We found that the new version, v3.3, is slightly improved in terms of completeness, indicating fewer missing data. However, it is worth noting that the general characteristics of both datasets are very similar, also with the same limitations. Archived data are available in the PANGAEA repository at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934732 (Tian-Kunze and Kaleschke, 2021) and operationally at https://doi.org/10.57780/sm1-5ebe10b (European Space Agency, 2023).

Strategi Pemasaran Sayuran Hidroponik Pada Mdc Hydrofarm Di Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado

This study aims to determine the 7P marketing mix strategy of hydroponic vegetables implemented by MDC HydroFarm which is located on Jl. Saint Joseph 5, Kleak Village, Malalayang District, Manado City. This research was conducted for three months, from August to October 2022. The type of data used in this study was primary data, namely data obtained through interviews with MDC HydroFarm owners and 13 respondents or consumers. This research uses descriptive data analysis method. The results of the study show that there are 7 aspects of the marketing mix that have been implemented by MDC HydroFarm, namely aspects of Product, Price, Promotion, Place, Process, People & Physical Evidence. Consumer evaluation of the 7 aspects of the marketing mix strategy implemented by MDC HydroFarm, there are 5 aspects that are considered good, namely aspects of Product, Price, Promotion, Process & Physical Evidence and there are 2 aspects that are considered very good, namely aspects of Place & People. The consumer's assessment of all aspects is good, but the price discounts/discounts are considered not good, because the price discounts are not distributed evenly to all consumers.

NEO-PI-3 Descriptive Data for Police Officer Applicants

NEO-PI-3 Descriptive Data for Police Officer Applicants