Design Of Data Model Research Articles

Concepts and evaluation of the extended entity-relationship approach to database design in a multi-paradigm information system modeling tool

Different approaches to information system (IS) development are based on different data models. The selection of a data model for conceptual design, among other things, depends on the problem domain, the knowledge, and the personal preferences of an IS designer. In some situations, a simultaneous usage of different approaches to the conceptual database design and IS development may lead to the most appropriate solutions. In our previous research we have developed a tool that provides an evolutive and incremental approach to IS development, which is based on the form type data model. The approaches based on the Extended Entity-Relationship (EER) and class data models are broadly accepted throughout the community of IS designers. In order to support the simultaneous usage of approaches based on the form type, EER and class data models, we have developed the Multi-Paradigm Information System Modeling Tool (MIST). In this paper, we present a part of our MIST tool that supports EER approach to a database design. MIST components currently provide a formal specification of an EER database schema specification and its transformation into the relational data model, or the class model. Also, MIST allows generation of Structured Query Language code for a database creation and procedural code for implementing database constraints. In addition, Java code that stores and processes data from the database, may be generated from the class model. In this paper, we present the evaluation study of the MIST EER domain-specific language. Users' perceptions of language quality characteristics are used for the evaluation.

Development of an informatics infrastructure for data exchange of biomolecular simulations: Architecture, data models and ontology

Biomolecular simulations aim to simulate structure, dynamics, interactions, and energetics of complex biomolecular systems. With the recent advances in hardware, it is now possible to use more complex and accurate models, but also reach time scales that are biologically significant. Molecular simulations have become a standard tool for toxicology and pharmacology research, but organizing and sharing data – both within the same organization and among different ones – remains a substantial challenge. In this paper we review our recent work leading to the development of a comprehensive informatics infrastructure to facilitate the organization and exchange of biomolecular simulations data. Our efforts include the design of data models and dictionary tools that allow the standardization of the metadata used to describe the biomedical simulations, the development of a thesaurus and ontology for computational reasoning when searching for biomolecular simulations in distributed environments, and the development of systems based on these models to manage and share the data at a large scale (iBIOMES), and within smaller groups of researchers at laboratory scale (iBIOMES Lite), that take advantage of the standardization of the meta data used to describe biomolecular simulations.

Design and integration of a GIS-based data model for the regional hydrologic simulation in Meijiang watershed, China

This paper presents the design and integration of a GIS-based data model for the regional hydrologic simulation in the Meijiang watershed, China. Hydrologic systems (HS) require integration of data and models simulating different processes. Here, an object-oriented approach using Unified Modeling Language (UML) is introduced, which supports the development of GIS-based Geodatabase model—GeoHydro/DataBase (GH/DB). Spatial data, such as basins, stream network, and observation stations are stored in the feature classes. The time series and their attributes are included in the tables. Relationship classes are used to link associated objects. The new development within the scientific program OpenGeoSys (OGS) is the integration of GH/DB into the numerical simulations. The graphical user interface is implemented for the pre- and post-processing of the simulation. As for the case study, a regional hydrologic model is developed in the Meijiang watershed area for the understanding of water infiltration from surface into groundwater via soil layer with various time scales. The integration of databases and modeling tool represents the comprehensive hydrosystems and thus it is a useful tool to understand the different processes and interactions between the related hydrological compartments.

Design and Development of Data Model for Thai Sub Acute and Non Acute Patients

This study designs and develops two data models in order to support the classification of DRG for sub-acute and non-cute inpatient (SNAP) as an appropriate tool for payment and to persuade the better of rehabilitation services. The systems analysis and database design techniques have been used. The models are designed based on two different approaches, firstly minimum effects to a current service systems and secondly coverage of both outpatient and inpatient for SNAP service. Two data models, A and B, can present as alternative database sets to classify DRG for SNAP to get a better reimbursement.

Modelling, encoding and transforming of open geographic data to examine interoperability between GIS applications

The interoperability of geographic data sets is required between geo-information system applications to use geographic data sets effectively. Thus, international standardisation organisation/technical committee 211 standards supporting model-driven architecture were examined to test the ability of producing interoperable geographic data sets. With Turkey case, unified modelling language application schemas were designed for base geographic data themes and encoded to data interchange model based on geography markup language. To test the applicability of the open data models, extract-transform-load (ETL) tools were developed and applied for case applications such as topographic map and web urban atlas. This study gives a methodology and indicates that ETL tools should be created to enable multiple uses of geo-data sets without spending time and labour. However, data model design should be refined and kept as simple as possible because data transformation is laborious to use the models in the applications.

New Approaches to Representation in Conceptual Design

Design has been a human activity as long as humans are humans. In the last decades, a lot of academic research has been devoted to understand the theoretical and scientific bases on which this activity rests, and some of these aspects are beginning to be clear, in particular with respect to cognitive processes and representational needs. Therefore, in this article, we will: 1) briefly describe some current approaches to design thinking and in particular describe conceptual design; 2) analyze how current state-of-the-art software is neither designed to give an answer to these processes, nor to support conceptual design; and 3) introduce a new approach in the design of CAD software data models, so that conceptual design is better supported to truly “aid” designers in his praxis.

Study on E-Commerce Platform Operation Mechanism in Big Data Environmen

Big data is one of the important development direction of modern information technology, realizing the sharing and analysis of large data will bring immeasurable economic value, but also has a tremendous role in promoting the social. In the age of big data, unified the data representation, large data processing, query, analysis and visualization are the key problem to be solved urgently. In order to provide a standardized framework construction of the large data service platform, this paper designed a large data service oriented architecture user experience. Secondly, in the aspect of data model, in order to achieve high data service for non structured data, the design of the non structured data model based on subject behavior. In large data service model, algebraic model large data services and their composition was established by using process algebra. In large data service applications, detailed retrieval, process analysis and visualization services, and by improving the retrieval accuracy and efficiency of the service in two aspects of measures to achieve the high data service optimization.

Research on the Investment Management of Agricultural Machinery Based SPSS

By means of questionnaires, the construction design of Logistic data model to analyze the impact factors of farmers' participation in agricultural mechanization investment behavior to verify the theory analysis using SPSS method of data. According to the research and the empirical analysis results show that, at present, the investment of agricultural mechanization is the main means for the development of agricultural modernization; farmers have become the main body of agricultural mechanization investment. Dongliao County agricultural mechanization development present situation, puts forward the main countermeasures of county level of agricultural mechanization development, and make the development of agricultural mechanization effective solutions to provide decision-making reference.

A Study on Feature Analysis of Archival Metadata Standards in the Records Lifecycle

Metadata schemas are well recognized as one of the important technological components for archiving and preservation of digital resources. However, a single standard is not enough to cover the whole lifecycle for archiving and preserving digital resources. This means that we need to appropriately select metadata standards and combine them to develop metadata schemas to cover the whole lifecycle of resources (or records). Creating a unified framework to understand the features of metadata standards is necessary in order to improve metadata interoperability that covers the whole resource lifecycle. In this study, the author approached this issue from the task-centric view of metadata, proposing a Task model as a framework and analyzing the feature of archival metadata standards. The proposed model provides a new scheme to create metadata element mappings and to make metadata interoperable. From this study, the author found out that no single metadata standard can cover the whole lifecycle and also that an in-depth analysis of mappings between metadata standards in accordance with the lifecycle stages is required. The author also discovered that most metadata standards are primarily resource-centric and the different tasks in the resource lifecycle are not reflected in the design of metadata standard data models.

Modeling a Geo-Spatial Database for Managing Travelers Demand

The geo-spatial database is a new technology in database systems which allow storing, retrieving and maintaining the spatial data. In this paper, we seek to design and implement a geo-spatial database for managing the traveler’s demand with the aid of open-source tools and object-relational database package. The building of geo-spatial database starts with the design of data model in terms of conceptual, logical and physical data model and then the design has been implemented into an object-relational database. The geo-spatial database is developed to facilitate the storage of geographic information (where things are) with descriptive information (what things are like) into the vector model. The developed vector geo-spatial data can be accessed and rendered in the form of map to create the awareness of existence of various services and facilities for prospective travelers and visitors .

A survey on model based approaches for 2D and 3D visual human pose recovery.

Human Pose Recovery has been studied in the field of Computer Vision for the last 40 years. Several approaches have been reported, and significant improvements have been obtained in both data representation and model design. However, the problem of Human Pose Recovery in uncontrolled environments is far from being solved. In this paper, we define a general taxonomy to group model based approaches for Human Pose Recovery, which is composed of five main modules: appearance, viewpoint, spatial relations, temporal consistence, and behavior. Subsequently, a methodological comparison is performed following the proposed taxonomy, evaluating current SoA approaches in the aforementioned five group categories. As a result of this comparison, we discuss the main advantages and drawbacks of the reviewed literature.

Design process and data models to support the design of sustainable remanufactured products

The need for increased levels of reuse and remanufacturing is driving the need for sustainable design of remanufactured products. It is acknowledged that design for remanufacturing benefits the environment. However, it seldom integrates eco-design approaches as it requires ‘life cycle thinking’ with closed-loop life cycles. The objective of this paper is to support eco-design of remanufactured products with design process and data models structuring the activities to be performed and providing the support required. We consider the development of two activities in particular: definition of the target, and environmental analysis. The first activity exploits the concept of RPP (Remanufacturable Product Profile), building on the criteria that are crucial for a successful remanufactured product. The second one exploits the life cycle brick concept that associates each product component with a specific life cycle and related environmental impacts. The models proposed are exploited in a case study concerning the design of remanufactured truck gearboxes.

A web services-based multidisciplinary design optimization framework for complex engineering systems with uncertainties

With the increased complexity of complex engineering systems (CES), more and more disciplines, coupled relationships, work processes, design data, design knowledge and uncertainties are involved. Currently, the MDO is facing unprecedented challenges especially in dealing with the CES by different specialists dispersed geographically on heterogeneous platforms with different analysis tools. The product design data integration and data sharing among the participants and the workflow optimization hamper the development and applications of MDO in enterprises seriously. Therefore, a multi-hierarchical integrated product design data model (MiPDM) supporting the MDO in web environment and a web services-based MDO framework considering aleatory and epistemic uncertainties are proposed in this paper. With the enabling technologies including web services, ontology, workflow, agent, XML, and evidence theory, the proposed framework enables the designers geographically dispersed to work collaboratively in the MDO environment. The ontology-based workflow enables the logical reasoning of MDO to be processed dynamically. Finally, a proof-of-concept prototype system is developed based on Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE) and an example of supersonic business jet is demonstrated to verify the web services-based MDO framework.

Big Data Structuring: The Role of Visual Models and Ontologies

This paper presents a novel approach aimed at analyzing the leading role of the visual structuring strategies of Big Data based on the principles of ontological engineering and cognitive psychology. It is targeted at the development of methodology scaffolding the process of data structuring for the better vision and understanding of huge amounts of business information. The structuring procedure is the kernel of any data model design and development. Ontologies that describe the main concepts of exemplary domains are used both for deeper comprehension and better information sharing. The main stress is put on using visual techniques of mind-mapping that serve as a powerful mind tool. Cognitive bias and some results of Gestalt psychology are highlighted. The ideas of balance, clarity, and beauty are applied to the ontology design and refinement procedures.

Línea de costa y sistemas de información geográfica: modelo de datos para la caracterización y cálculo de indicadores en la costa andaluza

Presente en numerosas bases de datos geográficas y cartografía oficial, la línea de costa constituye un elemento fundamental en los procesos de análisis, gestión y planificación de la zona costera, si bien su levantamiento a escalas de detalle y su posterior utilización requiere de una precisa delimitación geométrica y del establecimiento de criterios rigurosos para su definición. Éstos últimos deben ser seleccionados con una clara intencionalidad aplicada de acuerdo a su uso posterior. En este sentido, el uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica, las bases de datos espaciales y un adecuado modelo de datos, resultan elementos clave para el levantamiento de líneas de costa, así como para los análisis posteriores realizados sobre ellas. En este trabajo se presenta, en primer lugar, la metodología utilizada para la definición geométrica de la línea de costa en Andalucía a una escala detallada (1:2.500) sobre ortofotos y ortoimágenes de resolución métrica y submétrica y el modelo de datos que soporta cada tramo topológicamente independiente digitalizado. Tras su digitalización geométrica e integración en una base de datos espacial (PostGres/PostGis) se utilizan las capacidades analíticas de las TIG para la construcción de diferentes indicadores utilizados en su caracterización fisiográfica, estado, seguimiento y evaluación ambiental en la costa andaluza.

Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Billing Algorithm for Open Computer Room Management System

Computer room is an important infrastructure of information technology on education for colleges, how to balance the load, calculate fees flexibly, improve resource utilization, service for the teachers and students better is an urgent problem.Firstly, the development trends of computer room management systems are discussed in the paper. Secondly, gives a data model of open computer room management system, which in order to balance the load and improve the utilization efficiency etc. of computer rooms. Finally, gives the intelligent billing algorithm according to the designed data model, and then implemented the algorithm using stored procedure with SQL Server 2005.

Design and Implementation of a Spatio-temporal Data Model on Account of Shapefile and Base State with Amendments Model

Design and Implementation of a Spatio-temporal Data Model on Account of Shapefile and Base State with Amendments Model

Disruptive cartography in academic development

Drawing on cartography, urban design and visual data modelling, we consider how people navigate, or fail to navigate, the mental, physical and social spaces of knowledge communities. Cartographically inspired critical thinking offers opportunities to re-examine the assumptions and formal maps of post-secondary institutions, visualizing complexities such as knowledge circulation and ownership, and knowledge seekers’ regulated or unregulated traffic. We explore the contrast between the formal view given by typical institutional maps, and the uncovered view shown by maps of collective student activity generated by our prototype visualization tools. We suggest that a critical stance and consultative approaches to institutional mapping might foster collective reflection, empowerment, inquiry and engagement in academic development.

An efficient and flexible web services-based multidisciplinary design optimisation framework for complex engineering systems

Multidisciplinary design optimisation (MDO) involves multiple disciplines, multiple coupled relationships and multiple processes, which is implemented by different specialists dispersed geographically on heterogeneous platforms with different analysis and optimisation tools. The product design data integration and data sharing among the participants hampers the development and applications of MDO in enterprises seriously. Therefore, a multi-hierarchical integrated product design data model (MH-iPDM) supporting the MDO in the web environment and a web services-based multidisciplinary design optimisation (Web-MDO) framework are proposed in this article. Based on the enabling technologies including web services, ontology, workflow, agent, XML and evidence theory, the proposed framework enables the designers geographically dispersed to work collaboratively in the MDO environment. The ontology-based workflow enables the logical reasoning of MDO to be processed dynamically. The evidence theory-based uncertainty reasoning and analysis supports the quantification, aggregation and analysis of the conflicting epistemic uncertainty from multiple sources, which improves the quality of product. Finally, a proof-of-concept prototype system is developed using J2EE and an example of supersonic business jet is demonstrated to verify the autonomous execution of MDO strategies and the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Mitigating Errors in External Respiratory Surrogate-Based Models of Tumor Position

To investigate the effect of tumor site, measurement precision, tumor-surrogate correlation, training data selection, model design, and interpatient and interfraction variations on the accuracy of external marker-based models of tumor position. Cyberknife Synchrony system log files comprising synchronously acquired positions of external markers and the tumor from 167 treatment fractions were analyzed. The accuracy of Synchrony, ordinary-least-squares regression, and partial-least-squares regression models for predicting the tumor position from the external markers was evaluated. The quantity and timing of the data used to build the predictive model were varied. The effects of tumor-surrogate correlation and the precision in both the tumor and the external surrogate position measurements were explored by adding noise to the data. The tumor position prediction errors increased during the duration of a fraction. Increasing the training data quantities did not always lead to more accurate models. Adding uncorrelated noise to the external marker-based inputs degraded the tumor-surrogate correlation models by 16% for partial-least-squares and 57% for ordinary-least-squares. External marker and tumor position measurement errors led to tumor position prediction changes 0.3-3.6 times the magnitude of the measurement errors, varying widely with model algorithm. The tumor position prediction errors were significantly associated with the patient index but not with the fraction index or tumor site. Partial-least-squares was as accurate as Synchrony and more accurate than ordinary-least-squares. The accuracy of surrogate-based inferential models of tumor position was affected by all the investigated factors, except for the tumor site and fraction index.