Data Journal Research Articles

Insurer’s Role in Intensifying Environmental Sustainability And Social Development

Objective – Sustainable insurance is the new concept that emerges in the current state, that every country adopting now. The objective of the study is to identify the insurance industry's role and contribution to promoting environmental sustainability. To outline sustainable insurance and sustainable/green products and services. Methodology – This paper explores the contribution of the insurance industry and its role in promoting environmental sustainability and social development. This is a theoretical paper, focused on the secondary sources of data from research publications, websites, books, journals, and articles. To achieve the objectives, this study will critically review previous literature and assess contemporary views from different perspectives. Findings– Various insurers are frequently focusing on their progress, enhancing their share of the market, and maintaining better risks to achieve marketplace success. Insurers should always be on the lookout for new ways to set themselves apart from the competition. The implication for insurers is that their actions matter a lot when it comes to environmental issues and providing green insurance solutions can open new business opportunities for the industry. The answer may lie in marketing new products related to potential climate change and the corresponding sustainability/green insurance. Novelty – Sustainable insurance is aimed primarily at developing innovative or green products and services, reducing risk, improving company efficiency, and supporting environmental, social, and financial sustainability. There hasn't been a general overview of the role of insurers in enhancing environmental sustainability and social development done yet. Theoretically, our work aids policymakers and other stakeholders in better understanding the role of insurers in enhancing environmental sustainability and social development. Type of Paper: Review JEL Classification: G20, G22, G23. Keywords: Insurance, Sustainability, Green insurance, Green products and services, Sustainable Development.

Dissent, its Persecutors, and the New Russia

The post-Soviet decades have brought about significant changes of the Russian social landscape. A countless number of civic initiatives engaged in charitable operation, legal assistance, education, environment, arts and culture, etc. have emerged across Russia. Self-help communities and effective crowd-funding for all kinds of purposes are evidence of public solidarity inconceivable in the Soviet state. The second half of the 2010s were marked by a rise in investigative reporting based on state-of-the-art data journalism and the rapid progress in social media. Apparently, the impressive rise in civil society has become a matter of growing concern for the Russian government, and in the past year, the Kremlin has stepped up persecutions of political activists and investigative media. This repressive surge is reminiscent of the events some four decades ago when the Soviet government undertook to radically eliminate the dissident movement. The activists of today may be different from the Soviet dissidents, but for now, they are just as defenseless vis-à-vis the state as the dissidents were.

Implementation of Development Journalism in the Reformation Era (The Case Study of Behavioral Change Journalism Fellowship Program from the Press Council during the Covid-19 Pandemic)

The reform era marked by the fall of the New Order government bring changes in all aspects, including the development journalism in Indonesia. The development journalism has ever become a prima donna and it has submerged along with the emergence of journalism that positions journalists as the guardians of the public interest, such as anticorruption journalism, pro-gender journalism, budgeting , election journalism, children's journalism and data journalism. On the other hand, the development journalism has begun to be rarely discussed. One of the reasons for this journalism seems to place journalists as pawns for the interests of the government. In the middle of Covid-19 pandemic era, however, the development journalism in a different version from the New Order era is used again. The government through the behavioral change journalism fellowship program places journalists as an agency to encourage people's behavior change when encountering the Covid-19 pandemic. The program is carried out by the Indonesian Press Council in collaboration with the Covid-19 Task Force and it involves 3030 journalists who have received recommendations from the constituent members of the Indonesian Press Council from various media platforms that have been carried out since 2020. The involvement of the journalists in this behavioral change program is the implementation of the development journalism that positions journalists as an agency. This study shows that the liveliness of journalists as an agency in responding to the structures is carried out to find the momentum of change to various issues in the society. This liveliness is intended that there is no monopoly of information from the power structure and it provides various opportunities for the public to obtain favourable information and avoid monopoly of information from the structure. The activities of this agency can no longer place the journalists with their activities into resonance, an irritation for the government in carrying out its programs. People's behavioral change is required in the middle of Covid-19 pandemic era. Efforts to encourage behavioral change cannot be merely conducted by the government. Journalists are one of the agents of change and they are cooperating with the government. This is in line with the implementation of the development journalism which places journalists as the government partners to encourage the government programs. The agency's involvement in its relationship with the power structure related to the COVID-19 pandemic does not bring down the ruling government but they will help explain to the public the problems the government is facing regarding the Covid-19 pandemic.

The State of Dissemination of Open Research Data in Ukraine and the World: Bibliometric Analysis

Purpose: To determine the current state of development of open science in the paradigm of open research data in Ukraine and the world, as well as to analyze the representation of Ukraine in the world research space, in terms of research data exchange. Design / Method / Research Approach: Methods of synthesis, logical and comparative analysis used to determine the dynamics of the number of research data journals and data files in the world, as well as to quantify the share of research data repositories in Ukraine and the world. Trend and bibliometric analysis were used to determine the share of publications with their open primary data; analysis of their thematic structures; identification of the main scientific clusters of such publications; research of geographic indicators and share of publications by research institutions. Findings: The study found a tendency to increase both the number of data logs and data files in Dryad (open data repository). The results of the analysis of the share of data repositories indexed in re3data (register of research data repositories) show that 51% of the total number are repositories of data from European countries, with Germany leading with 460 repositories, followed by the United Kingdom (302 repositories) and France (116 repositories). Ukraine has only 2 data repositories indexed in re3data. The trend of relevance of data exchange is confirmed by the increase of publications with datasets for the last 10 years (2011-2020) in 5 times. Research institutions and universities are the main sources of research data, which are mainly focused on the fields of knowledge in chemistry (23.3%); biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology (13.8%); medicine (12.9%). An analysis of the latest thematic groups formed on the basis of publications with datasets shows that there is a significant correlation between publications with open source data and COVID-19 studies. More than 50% of publications with datasets both in Ukraine and around the world are aimed at achieving the goal of SDG 3 Good Health. Theoretical Implications: It is substantiated that in Ukraine there is a need to implement specific tactical and strategic plans for open science and open access to research data. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be used to support decision-making in the management of research data at the macro and micro levels. Future Research: It should be noted that the righteous bibliometric analysis of the state of the dissemination of data underlying the research results did not include the assessment of quality indicators and compliance with the FAIR principles, because accessibility and reusability are fundamental components of open science, which may be an area for further research. Moreover, it is advisable to investigate the degree of influence of the disclosure of the data underlying the research result on economic indicators, as well as indicators of ratings of higher education, etc. Research Limitations: Since publications with datasets in Scopus-indexed journals became the information base of the analysis for our study, it can be assumed that the dataset did not include publications with datasets published in editions that the Scopus bibliographic database does not cover. Paper type: Theoretical

From Data Journalism to Artificial Intelligence: Challenges Faced by La Nación in Implementing Computer Vision in News Reporting

Journalism is at a radical point of change that requires organizations to come up with new ideas and formats for news reporting. Additionally, the notable surge of data, sensors and technological advances in the mobile segment has brought immeasurable benefits to many fields of journalistic practice (data journalism in particular). Given the relative novelty and complexity of implementing artificial intelligence (AI) in journalism, few areas have managed to deploy tailored AI solutions in the media industry. In this study, through a mixed-method approach that combines both participant observations and interviews, we explain the hurdles and obstacles to deploying computer vision news projects, a subset of AI, in a leading Latin American news organization, the Argentine newspaper La Nación. Our results highlight four broad difficulties in implementing computer vision projects that involve satellite imagery: a lack of high-resolution imagery, the unavailability of technological infrastructure, the absence of qualified personnel to develop such codes, and a lengthy and costly implementation process that requires significant investment. This article concludes with a discussion of the centrality of AI solutions in the hands of big tech corporations.

County-level impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on excess mortality among U.S. veterans: A population-based study

BackgroundAs the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) continues to impact the world at large, Veterans of the US Armed Forces are experiencing increases in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 mortality. Veterans may be more susceptible to the pandemic than the general population due to their higher comorbidity burdens and older age, but no research has examined if trends in excess mortality differ between these groups. Additionally, individual-level data on demographics, comorbidities, and deaths are provided in near-real time for all enrolees of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). These data provide a unique opportunity to identify excess mortality throughout 2020 at a subnational level, and to validate these estimates against local COVID-19 burden.MethodsWe queried VHA administrative data on demographics and comorbidities for 11.4 million enrolees during 2016-2020. Pre-pandemic data was used to develop and cross-validate eight mortality prediction models at the county-level including Poisson, Poisson quasi-likelihood, negative binomial, and generalized estimating equations. We then estimated county-level excess Veteran mortality during 2020 and correlated these estimates with local rates of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths.FindingsAll models demonstrated excellent agreement between observed and predicted mortality during 2016-2019; a Poisson quasi-likelihood with county fixed effects minimized median squared error with a calibration slope of 1.00. Veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces faced an excess mortality rate of 13% in 2020, which corresponds to 50,299 excess deaths. County-level estimates of excess mortality were correlated with both COVID-19 cases (R2=0.77) and deaths per 1,000 population (R2=0.59).InterpretationWe developed sub-national estimates of excess mortality associated with the pandemic and shared our data as a resource for researchers and data journalists. Despite Veterans’ greater likelihood of risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 illness, their excess mortality rate was slightly lower than the general population. Consistent access to health care and the rapid expansion of VHA telemedicine during the pandemic may explain this divergence.FundingThis work was supported by grants from the Department of Veterans Affairs Quality Enhancement Research Initiative [PEC 16-001]. Dr. Griffith's effort was supported in part by the Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality [K12 HS026395].

A twice‐daily barometric pressure record from Durham Observatory in north‐east England, 1843–1960

AbstractA twice‐daily record of barometric pressure exists for Durham Observatory (54.768 °N, 1.584 °W, barometer cistern 107.3 m above mean sea level, MSL) from 23 July 1843 to 31 December 1960 and is published here for the first time. The Durham record, which is 98.7% complete, is by far the longest digital barometric pressure series in northern England and fills a very large temporal and spatial gap in the International Surface Pressure Database (ISPD: Cram et al, [2015] Geoscience Data Journal, 2, 31–46). In what is believed to be the first study of its kind, the record has been independently quality‐controlled against the NOAA–CIRES–DOE Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 3 (20CRv3; Slivinski et al., [2019] Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 145, 2876; Slivinski et al., [2021] Journal of Climate, 34, 1417–1438), which did not include the Durham records in its assimilation set. This paper describes the instruments used and their exposure, the sources of the record, digitization work undertaken to generate the digital time series (including quality control assessments using 20CRv3) and reduction to mean sea level pressure from station level observations, and examines consistency over the period of record against 20CRv3, concluding with a summary of monthly and annual means and extremes over the 117 year series and the details of the new dataset.

Realizing the benefits of open government data: Journalists’ coverage of the NHS winter crisis, 2016–17

In the current literature on open government data (OGD) ecosystems, academics have paid little attention to the way data journalists realize the benefits of publicly-available data. To address this, in this study I use content analysis (n = 65), thematic analysis, and interviews with journalists (n = 5) to examine how the news media used data in their reporting during the NHS (National Health Service, UK) winter crisis of 2016–2017. The findings show that journalists to some extent realized the benefits of the OGD through the adoption of the population problem data-frame to criticize the government. But they were limited in their use of more informative and critical data-frames, even though they accessed the available data and had the relevant data skills. This was a product of the reification and naturalization of certain health data that rendered other data-informed news stories very hard to articulate. These findings suggest that data themselves – rather than just the motives of data producers – can limit the benefits that can be realized by data users.

The Rise of a Pandemic-related Writing Style in the News Media

This study examines journalistic writing styles in Covid 19 pandemic reporting on Malaysian online news portals through content analysis. The discussion is divided into research questions, such as (1) what is the pattern of the news writing style used in Covid 19 reporting on online news portals, (2) how Malaysia Kini and Malay Mail source and frame news on pandemic Covid 19. Content analysis were used to examine trends in the use of writing patterns. The study found that the writing patterns in covid 19 news delivery were descriptive, interpretative, and data journalism.

Where Do Stories Come From? Examining the Exploration Process in Investigative Data Journalism

Investigative data journalists work with a variety of data sources to tell a story. Though prior work has indicated that there is a close relationship between journalists' data work practices and that of data scientists. However, these relationships and data work practices are not empirically examined, and understanding them is crucial to inform the design of tools that are used by different groups of people including data scientists and data journalists. Thus, to bridge this gap, we studied investigative reporters' data work practices with one non-profit investigative newsroom. Our study design includes two activities: 1) semi-structured interviews with journalists, and 2) a sketching activity allowing journalists to depict examples of their work practices. By analyzing these data and synthesizing them across related prior work, we propose the major phases in the data-driven investigative journalism story idea generation process. Our study findings show that the journalists employ a collection of multiple, iterative, cyclic processes to identify journalistically "interesting'' story ideas. These processes both significantly resemble and show subtle nuanced differences with data science work practices identified in prior research. We further verified our proposal through a member check with key informants. This work offers three primary contributions. First, it provides a close glimpse into the main phases of investigative journalists' data-driven story idea generation technique. Second, it complements prior work studying formal data science practices by examining data-driven investigative journalists, whose primary expertise lies outside computing. Third, it identifies particular points in the data exploration processes that would benefit from design interventions and suggests future research directions.

The data paper as a sociolinguistic epistemic object: A content analysis on the rhetorical moves used in data paper abstracts

AbstractThe data paper is an emerging academic genre that focuses on the description of research data objects. However, there is a lack of empirical knowledge about this rising genre in quantitative science studies, particularly from the perspective of its linguistic features. To fill this gap, this research aims to offer a first quantitative examination of which rhetorical moves—rhetorical units performing a coherent narrative function—are used in data paper abstracts, as well as how these moves are used. To this end, we developed a new classification scheme for rhetorical moves in data paper abstracts by expanding a well‐received system that focuses on English‐language research article abstracts. We used this expanded scheme to classify and analyze rhetorical moves used in two flagship data journals, Scientific Data and Data in Brief. We found that data papers exhibit a combination of introduction, method, results, and discussion‐ and data‐oriented moves and that the usage differences between the journals can be largely explained by journal policies concerning abstract and paper structure. This research offers a novel examination of how the data paper, a data‐oriented knowledge representation, is composed, which greatly contributes to a deeper understanding of research data and its publication in the scholarly communication system.

A Survey of Exclusively Data Journals and How They Are Indexed by Scientific Databases

ABSTRACTAs data becomes omnipresent in the scientific system, a new academic genre aiming to describe data objects (data papers) and the venue to publish these articles (data journals) gradually emerged from the end of the 2000s. However, it is largely unknown how much these scientific outputs are indexed in scientific databases, which has greatly prevented them from being thoroughly studied in large‐scale, quantitative studies. This poster presents our preliminary efforts to address this gap, by compiling a list of data journals that primarily accept data papers (i.e., exclusively data journals) and examining their presence in four major scientific databases. Our results indicate that exclusively data journals are comprehensively indexed in Crossref and Dimensions, two relatively new scientific databases, which can be used to conduct future studies on data papers and journals. The next steps of our project are also discussed in this poster.

Data Journalism and Ethics: Best Practices in the Winning Projects (DJA, OJA and Sigma Awards)

ABSTRACT Data journalism is a consolidated specialization in the newsrooms of many of the world's media outlets. Despite this, little research has been conducted on the ethical principles followed in this field of journalism. Data journalism uses different types of software to find its stories by statistically analyzing large datasets. Our research examines the winning projects of the Data Journalism Awards, Sigma Awards, and Online Journalism Awards, the last in the data journalism category, between 2012 and 2020. Using qualitative content analysis, we analyzed these projects from a three-fold ethical perspective: verification and data analysis, transparency, and privacy. Our main findings show that the winning projects complied with verification and data analysis, which is a standard practice to cross-check data from various sources and contextualize them adequately. In contrast, transparency and privacy principles were followed to a lesser extent. In light of these results, we propose that future research should focus on the perceptions of data journalists and users regarding the ethical standards that these projects meet.

Data journalism and the COVID-19 pandemic: opportunities and challenges

Academics and public health practitioners studying communicable disease dynamics have long advocated for open-access data to better inform risk assessments. During any evolving outbreak, the collection, aggregation, visualisation, and analysis of granular data is paramount to developing appropriate public health interventions.1 The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for this type of information, especially in relation to context (eg, timing and intensity of interventions) and epidemiology (eg, spatially resolved and age-specific case counts).

HyperStorylines: Interactively untangling dynamic hypergraphs

We present the design and evaluation of HyperStorylines, a technique that generalizes Storylines to visualize the evolution of relationships involving multiple types of entities such as, for example, people, locations, and companies. Datasets which describe such multi-entity relationships are often modeled as hypergraphs, that can be difficult to visualize, especially when these relationships evolve over time. HyperStorylines builds upon Storylines, enabling the aggregation and nesting of these dynamic, multi-entity relationships. We report on the design process of HyperStorylines, which was informed by discussions and workshops with data journalists; and on the results of a comparative study in which participants had to answer questions inspired by the tasks that journalists typically perform with such data. We observe that although HyperStorylines takes some practice to master, it performs better for identifying and characterizing relationships than the selected baseline visualization (PAOHVis) and was preferred overall.

INDEPENDENCE THROUGH DATA JOURNALISM

Data journalism (DJ) fosters audience independence. It encourages content exploration through visualizations, storytelling, and direct access to data sources. DJ assists the audience to be well informed, cognitively active, and contribute to the public sphere. Achieving this objective indicates the audience's independence. How independent is the audience of DJ? This question is answered based on the level of engagement of the audience. A low level of engagement prevents the audience from helping each other to interpret the dominant meaning and to identify its deficiencies. When the audience is engaged, they are able to reframe the message from a new perspective, challenging their understanding of the message. By analyzing the audience engagement levels and comparing different types of journalism we gain insight into audience behavior. We found a significant correlation between DJ audience engagement and time. This trend may be explained by the steep learning curve of DJ, which requires a special set of skills, in addition to the willingness to analyze and discuss interpretations with others. On the basis of the trend, we can conclude that over time, the audience became familiar with DJ and adopted it. Results could contribute to the realization of the internet's original promise to make the general public independent by providing free access to information.

Data journals and their role in promoting the dissemination, sharing and reuse of data: an exploratory analytical study

Data journals and their role in promoting the dissemination, sharing and reuse of data: an exploratory analytical study

Korean researchers’ motivations for publishing in data journals and the usefulness of their data: a qualitative study

Purpose: This study investigated the usefulness and limitations of data journals by analyzing motivations for submission, review and publication processes according to researchers with experience publishing in data journals.Methods: Among 79 data journals indexed in Web of Science, we selected four data journals where data papers accounted for more than 20% of the publication volume and whose corresponding authors belonged to South Korean research institutes. A qualitative analysis was conducted of the subjective experiences of seven corresponding authors who agreed to participate in interviews. To analyze interview transcriptions, clusters were created by restructuring the theme nodes using Nvivo 12.Results: The most important element of data journals to researchers was their usefulness for obtaining credit for research performance. Since the data in repositories linked to data papers are screened using journals’ review processes, the validity, accuracy, reusability, and reliability of data are ensured. In addition, data journals provide a basis for data sharing using repositories and data-centered follow-up research using citations and offer detailed descriptions of data.Conclusion: Data journals play a leading role in data-centered research. Data papers are recognized as research achievements through citations in the same way as research papers published in conventional journals, but there was also a perception that it is difficult to attain a similar level of academic recognition with data papers as with research papers. However, researchers highly valued the usefulness of data journals, and data journals should thus be developed into new academic communication channels that enhance data sharing and reuse.

Data Journalism Beyond Technological Determinism

ABSTRACT Innovation in journalism became an important element to determine the current and future direction of the profession. Through incremental and cumulative transformations over time, because of many obstacles faced inside the newsrooms, journalism has suffered from significant and fundamental changes, including the deployment of data journalism. In Latin America, the practice has seen an increasing expansion in the last years. Nevertheless, there are important technological gaps that limit its development. The present study draws upon literature on data journalism, media management, and sociology, aiming to contribute theoretically to data journalism research. Our findings show that beyond the technological approach, practitioners are relying on data evangelists, collaboration, and audience-centered innovation to produce data storytelling in their newsrooms. On the other hand, these alliances form “homophily” and “endogamy” features that limit the dissemination of the practice, which must consider the potential implications for the social distance of the audiences. It argues that Latin American professionals are distancing themselves from technological determinism to embrace a more audience-centric innovation in newsrooms. Finally, it also states that it is important to take into account those limitations, as they pose obstacles for data journalism innovation research knowledge. The article concludes with an agenda for future research.

Analysing Innovation in Indigenous News: Deaths Inside

ABSTRACT In 2018, The Guardian won the award for Innovation at the Walkleys, Australia’s most prestigious awards for journalism, for its data journalism project, Deaths Inside, which has catalogued 164 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander deaths in custody between 2008 and 2020. This article takes a case study approach to explore the changing relations that have contributed to the development of Deaths Inside; how these have afforded an expansion of the field of Indigenous news, and how, in both form and content, Deaths Inside takes advantage of opportunities to challenge established traditions and formats of Indigenous news representation. Drawing on critical debates surrounding innovation, we suggest Deaths Inside can be considered “innovative” not simply because it takes advantage of the enhanced affordances of digital technologies for developing experimental forms of journalism. It also, importantly, delivers an enhanced social value that builds upon possibilities for improved representation.