Data Interpretation Process Research Articles

Studying based on Prophet's Hadith Perspective:

This discussion is intended to determine the degree of the Prophet's hadith. in Sunan Ibnu Majah No. 220. This hadith explains the virtues of scholars and the urge to study. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Researchers used data collection techniques based on information in literary sources in hadith books, books, journals, seminar results, and discussions with experts relevant to the research theme. The data obtained then the researcher analyzes through qualitative data analysis through the data interpretation process, and the researcher provides an adequate explanation. Based on the results of the discussion, the hadith of the Prophet. in Sunan Ibnu Majah No. 220 is a dhaif hadith because in the hadith there is' illat (defect), a break in sanad, and a defect in the hadith narrator. From several lines of supporting hadith, none of the hadiths can raise the hadith's degree because all of them are weak in nature. From several lines of supporting hadith, none of the hadiths can raise the hadith's degree because all of them are weak in nature. However, according to some scholars, hadith dha'if can be used as hujjah (practiced) only for the basis of the virtue of charity (Fadla'il amal). The implication of this paper is to clarify the law (quality) of the Prophet's hadith. in Sunan Ibnu Majah No. 220. Hadith that has been in Takhrij can be scientifically accounted for its quality, so that it is no longer hesitant to be used as a source of Islamic law after the Al-Qur'an.

Fake news detection using machine learning and Natural Language Inference (NLI)

The proliferation of misleading facts in everyday get right of to media retailers such as social media, news through online mode, FM Radio, newspapers, TV channels have found it difficult to select authoritative news outlets, for that reason growing the need for ai technologies capable of offer insights into the accuracy of internet resources. We recognize the computerized identification of false news in online mode in this paper. Our approach to this identification of fake news is in two procedural ways. First, we present two new datasets for the undertaking of fake information identification which covers several domains. The Natural Language Interference (NLI) models are also trained. The data collection, interpretation, and testing process are clarified in depth and present various research analyses at the identity of linguistic variations in false and truthful data. Second, we test and train a set of mastering discoveries to create precise fake news detectors. We shall see the process in fake- news detection.

'It reshaped how I will do research': A qualitative exploration of team members' experiences with youth and family engagement in a randomized controlled trial.

BackgroundEngaging youth and family members as active partners in research and service design offers great promise in improving projects. In youth mental health, recent research has highlighted the value of youth and family engagement. However, research on the experience and impacts of engagement is sparse.ObjectiveThis study explores the project team's experience of youth and family engagement in the design and development of the YouthCan IMPACT randomized controlled trial and clinical service pathway design.DesignQualitative data collected using semi‐structured interviews and a focus group as part of the YouthCan IMPACT clinical trial were analysed to understand the impacts of engagement. Twenty‐eight team members were interviewed, including youth and family members. A qualitative content analysis was conducted, with a member checking process.ResultsTeam members reported facilitators, barriers and impacts of youth and family engagement. Facilitators included a safe environment and strong procedures conducive to inclusion in co‐design. Barriers included logistical, structural and institutional constraints. Overall, team members found youth and family engagement to be valuable and to positively impact the research and service design process.Discussion and ConclusionsYouth and family engagement played a critical role in research and clinical service pathway design. The team found that their involvement improved the quality of the research and service pathway through sustained and multifaceted engagement. Facilitators and barriers to engagement may serve to guide future engagement initiatives. Future research should evaluate the long‐term impact of early engagement and further focus on family engagement.Patient/Public ContributionYouth and family members were engaged in the data analysis and interpretation process.

Alongshore Classification and Super Domain Delineation of Coastal Belts Based on Interpretation of Biophysical Catenary Sequences Observed from Satellite Images

Finkl, C.W. and Makowski, C., 2021. Alongshore classification and super domain delineation of coastal belts based on interpretation of biophysical catenary sequences observed from satellite images. Journal of Coastal Research, 37(1), 1–25. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The cross-shore classification of coastal belts, facilitated by the interpretation of biophysical features from satellite imagery, is an adjunctory approach to traditional alongshore classification procedures. Methods such as the Biophysical Cross-shore Classification System (BCCS) (Finkl and Makowski, 2020a) and the Coastal Belt Linked Classification (CBLC) (Finkl and Makowski, 2020d) not only provide insight into cross-shore natural ecological variability and zonation, but also emphasize eco-geomorphological linkages so that shore-normal transitions and successions can be delineated and understood. The discernment of numerous cross-shore biophysical transect codifications in a satellite image seascape scene (referred to as either BCCS or CBLC code sequences) results in coastal belt segmenting that identifies offshore, nearshore, inshore, and onshore similarities and differences. This, in turn, can be correlated alongshore by establishing the swath widths of each cross-shore transect as an individual domain. Data integration and interpretation processes are similarly applied as procedural management of geological borehole (well) logs to determine drilling and petrophysical parameters. This study demonstrates that once all individual alongshore domains are interpreted for a specific coastal area, they can be collectively amalgamated and concised to create a universal alongshore super domain for the entire coastal belt. The advantage of constructing a Concised Alongshore Super Domain is that the procedure provides a sagacious and rational basis for swath alongshore classification of coastal belts. This study shows the effective use of this methodology across coastal belts of varying latitudes, as the interpolation of shore-normal ecological sequences validates the cross-shore correlation between transects and can result in a universal alongshore classification process in the form of super domains for coastal belts worldwide.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA TO THE USE OF JAPANESE YARIMORAI ON STUDENTS AT JAPAN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ART FACULTY OF MANADO STATE UNIVERSITY

This research is about how far instructional media affect the use of Japanese yarimorai acceptance expression. The goals of this research are (1) to find out students’ mastery level in using Japanese yarimorai acceptance expression, (2) to find out how far instructional media affect the use of Japanese yarimorai acceptance expression. Data of this research are from test result, and are processed statistically by using T-Test Formula with the help of qualitative and experimental research principles. Through quality assurance of data quality and interpretation process that is done carefully and actually, this research found some ideas which later will become ideas and study in effort of improvement of Japanese language education. The findings of the test results show that the average score of the group of students taught by using the image media is 8 with the standard deviation of 0.71 and the average score of the group taught without using the image media is 5.92 with standard deviation 0.64. The T test results reveal the significance of the mean difference is 6.5 with the experimental group learning outcomes higher than the control class. This proves that the use of media images have an effect on the use of Japanese acceptance expressions yarimorai

Layanan referensi virtual perpustakaan Universitas Leiden melalui perpustakaan KITLV-Jakarta

Introduction. This study discusses Leiden University Library reference services through the KITLV-Jakarta. Since KITLV was acquired by the Leiden University Library, the KITLV-Jakarta Library which was a KITLV-Dutch representative, is now a representative of the Leiden University Library in Jakarta. 
 Data Collection Method. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive research involving observations and interviews as well as primary document data sources.
 Data Analysis. The data was analyzed by involving the process of data reduction, interpretation, and conclusion. 
 Results and Discussions. The results of the study indicate that reference services, particularly for reference collections found in the Leiden University Library cannot be accessed directly through the KITLV-Jakarta Library. Only KITLV librarians can request the reference service from Leiden University librarians.
 Conclusion. Librarians at the KITLV-Jakarta Library do not have the same access as librarians at the Leiden University Library, even though the KITLV-Jakarta Library is a representative of the Leiden University Library in Jakarta.

‘A volunteer for life’

In a time of renewed interest in the challenges of adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and service use, increased scholarly attention paid to fieldwork and knowledge production is critical. I describe the pleasure and challenges of engaging with multiple perspectives, spaces, places, and roles at a family centre in Malawi to understand the complexity of the interactions and relationships related to my doctoral fieldwork. This work is part of a large mixed-method study that explores SRH, service use, and resilience among adolescents living with HIV and attending a teen-club clinic in Blantyre, Malawi. Drawing from resilience theory and experiences of reflexivity, I reflect on my roles as a student of medical anthropology and public health, a ‘friend’, an ‘aunt’, and a ‘volunteer’; on my occupation of diverse spaces (clinics, homes, school grounds, digital); and on my use of multiple methods (including participants’ observations, individual and group interviews, workshops, feedback sessions, and fieldnotes), which make up the data collection, analysis, and interpretation processes. The reflections contained in this essay advance our understanding of the implications of the methodological considerations and ethical questions underscoring approaches to adolescents research.

Anana Bicara-Bicara: Selera Musik, Gaya Hidup, dan Strategi Rapper di Kota Jayapura

Hip Hop music entered Papua, through digital media platforms from the current process of globalization and modernization. For example, through radio, television and the internet. The emergence of Hip Hop music is very loved by young Papuans, especially in Jayapura. The Rap community who works in the field of Hip Hop music is called Anana Bicara-bicara which is part of the urban community subculture in Jayapura. Therefore, this study aims to describe and analyze musical tastes, lifestyles and the artistic strategies of youth who love Hip Hop music in popularizing their existence, warding off stigma and gaining popularity. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method using an ethnographic approach. The research instruments were in the form of voice and image recording devices and field notes for reflection in the field. The technique of determining informants is carried out proposive by optimizing the friendship network. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques through the process of data categorization, data description and data interpretation. The results showed that first, the formation of aesthetic tastes from rap music is based on the emotional experiences of each actor. In addition, the rap music structural factor emphasizes the aspect of story telling freely but in orderly rhymes. Second, the lifestyle of rappers in Jayapura follows the trend of Hip Hop music that is Glamorous, Blink-blink, but there are also some who are poorless to show the passion of the ideas they want to convey. Third, the strategy developed is educational, which is to ward off bad stigma about rappers such as making songs that are better and proud of Papua, and creating events that elevate generations. Then, to popularize Hip Hop music through social media Youtube, Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp.

Making Health Data Work for Maori

This article explores the experience of health services decision makers using Mäori health data to inform decision making. It draws on selected findings from the second phase of a three-year Health Research Council-funded study and discusses how Mäori health data identification, data analysis and data interpretation processes are being used by decision makers to help to identify the most promising strategies to improve Mäori health. Data is critical to monitoring inequity and has the potential to drive health service change. However, improvement is needed at all steps in the decisionmaking process to better facilitate utilising data to leverage change in Mäori health outcomes.

Using deep learning based methods to classify salt bodies in seismic images

Identification of salt bodies buried under the earth's surface remains important for hydrocarbon industry as they form traps to hold oil and gas reservoirs in the subsurface. Seismic data interpretation on a large volume of data is labour-intensive and time-consuming task if performed manually. Many efforts have been made in the past to automate or semi-automate the process of extracting the salt bodies from migrated images using many proposed seismic attributes. There remains need of domain experts for picking the right geological features for interpretation and these attributes may not completely interpret the noise-contaminated seismic data. In the recent past, machine-learning algorithms have also been used to identify salt bodies using seismic attributes and they out-perform the existing methods. However, there is still need to have directly assisted processes of seismic data interpretation without the compulsion of providing seismic features. Recent researches have used deep learning methods for seismic facies classification and fault detection, which resulted with better outcomes than other machine learning algorithms. In this document, we propose a novel deep learning method based on U-Net plus Se-ResNet to identify salt bodies in seismic images. This method does not require domain knowledge expert and it is expected to extract required useful features automatically from the seismic data. After 10-fold cross-validation, a promising intersection over union (IOU) score has been achieved.

The trnL (UAA)-trnF (GAA) intergenic spacer is a robust marker of green pea (Pisum sativum L.) adulteration in economically valuable pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.).

Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is an expensive culinary nut species; it is therefore susceptible to adulteration for economic profit. Green pea (Pisum sativum L.) kernels constitute the most common material used for adulterating chopped / ground pistachio nuts and pistachio paste. Food genomics enables the species composition of a food sample to be ascertained through DNA analysis. Accordingly, a barcode DNA genotyping approach was used to standardize a test method to identify green pea adulteration in pistachio nuts. The trnL (UAA)-trnF (GAA) intergenic spacer in the plastid genome was the target analyte in the present study. The barcode locus displayed a significant, discriminatory size difference between pistachio and pea, with amplicon sizes of 449 and 179 bp, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis (PCR-CE) analysis of the intergenic spacer resulted in the successful identification of species composition in the in-house admixtures, which contained 5% to 30% of green pea. The present work describes a fast and straightforward DNA test that identifies green pea adulteration in pistachio nuts without requiring a statistical data interpretation process. The plastid trnL (UAA)-trnF (GAA) intergenic spacer length widely varies among plant taxa, so the PCR-CE protocol that operates on the intergenic spacer holds the potential to reveal adulteration with a plethora of adulterants. The PCR-CE assay described in the present work can be adopted readily by food-quality laboratories in the public sector or the food industry as an easy and reliable method to analyze pistachio authenticity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Exploring and analysing single cell multi-omics data with VDJView

BackgroundSingle cell RNA sequencing provides unprecedented opportunity to simultaneously explore the transcriptomic and immune receptor diversity of T and B cells. However, there are limited tools available that simultaneously analyse large multi-omics datasets integrated with metadata such as patient and clinical information.ResultsWe developed VDJView, which permits the simultaneous or independent analysis and visualisation of gene expression, immune receptors, and clinical metadata of both T and B cells. This tool is implemented as an easy-to-use R shiny web-application, which integrates numerous gene expression and TCR analysis tools, and accepts data from plate-based sorted or high-throughput single cell platforms. We utilised VDJView to analyse several 10X scRNA-seq datasets, including a recent dataset of 150,000 CD8+ T cells with available gene expression, TCR sequences, quantification of 15 surface proteins, and 44 antigen specificities (across viruses, cancer, and self-antigens). We performed quality control, filtering of tetramer non-specific cells, clustering, random sampling and hypothesis testing to discover antigen specific gene signatures which were associated with immune cell differentiation states and clonal expansion across the pathogen specific T cells. We also analysed 563 single cells (plate-based sorted) obtained from 11 subjects, revealing clonally expanded T and B cells across primary cancer tissues and metastatic lymph-node. These immune cells clustered with distinct gene signatures according to the breast cancer molecular subtype. VDJView has been tested in lab meetings and peer-to-peer discussions, showing effective data generation and discussion without the need to consult bioinformaticians.ConclusionsVDJView enables researchers without profound bioinformatics skills to analyse immune scRNA-seq data, integrating and visualising this with clonality and metadata profiles, thus accelerating the process of hypothesis testing, data interpretation and discovery of cellular heterogeneity. VDJView is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/kirbyvisp/vdjview.

Interpreting functional analysis outcomes using automated nonparametric statistical analysis.

Current methods employed to interpret functional analysis data include visual analysis and post-hoc visual inspection (PHVI). However, these methods may be biased by dataset complexity, hand calculations, and rater experience. We examined whether an automated approach using nonparametric rank-based statistics could increase the accuracy and efficiency of functional analysis data interpretation. We applied Automated Nonparametric Statistical Analysis (ANSA) to a sample of 65 published functional analyses for which additional experimental evidence was available to verify behavior function. Results showed that exact behavior function agreement between ANSA and the publications authors was 83.1%, exact agreement between ANSA and PHVI was 75.4%, and exact agreement across all 3 methods was 64.6%. These preliminary findings suggest that ANSA has the potential to support the data interpretation process. A web application that incorporates the calculations and rules utilized by ANSA is accessible at https://ansa.shinyapps.io/ansa/.

COMPUTER MODELING OF TERRIGENOUS SEDIMENTATION AS A NEW TOOL FOR PREDICTION OF HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR ARCHITECTURE

The subject of the article is a new approach based on the integration of seismic facies analysis with modeling of sedimentation system – submarine fan, which is a potential lithological trap. The new approach allows introducing sedimentation systems modeling into the traditional process of seismic data interpretation. The approach was tested on data of the target interval in Cherkashin formation (West Siberia, Priobskoye-Salym region, Neocomian progradation complex). The presence of submarine fans selected as test-subjects for modeling is confirmed by lithofacial analysis, distribution of effective thicknesses over the area according to drilling results, seismic facies analysis. Two criteria were used to evaluate the simulation results: compare the shape of the model with the results of seismic facies analysis and comparison of the parameters describing the geological process and selected in the modeling process with modern data on turbidite systems. Modeling of submarine fan sedimentation was carried out in the Geological Process Modeling (GPM) module of the Petrel software (Schlumberger), Seismic Facies Analysis – in tratimagic software (Emerson). The approach can be recommended for studying of deep-water Achimov deposits; predicting the development of the distal parts of the submarine fan, not evident in the seismic data and predicting the internal architecture of the potential lithological traps.

Konstruksi Independensi Auditor Dalam Perspektif Syariat Islam

This study aims to prove scientifically about (1) the perspective of Muslim auditors in interpreting auditor independence, (2) a comparison of ways to interpret independence, between Muslim auditors and non-Muslim auditors, and (3) values that weaken and values that reinforce auditor independence.The research method used is interpretive qualitative, the concept of independence is explored using Blumer's symbolic interaction approach or Chicago School of Symbolic Interactionism (CSSI). Interview methods with several Muslim and non-Muslim auditors were used to collect data. Triangulation is used to test the validity of the interview data, while coding of the data is used to simplify the process of data interpretation. The results of this study are, (1) the definition of independence based on the perspectives of Muslim and non-Muslim auditors includes attitudes and patterns of relationships, (2) Islamic values related to social values contained in Islamic Sharia’ which can weaken independence and strengthen independence.

Peran Perpustakaan Umum Kota Depok pada era teknologi digital

Introduction. The purpose of this study is to identify the roles of digital technology in the Depok City Public Library. The main challenge of the digital community is the increasing digital divide and the weakening of the identity of local communities which can result in low social participation and involvement in community issues. This study focuses on the characteristics of the people of Depok City to assess the role of public libraries that have the potential to be public spaces and places for social and physical meetings in the digital era.Data Collection Methods. This was a qualitative research with interviews involving librarians, library directors and users.Data Analysis. The data was analyzed by involving the process of data reduction, interpretation, and conclusion. The research setting at the chosen was the Depok City Public Library, close to the Capital of Indonesia.Results and Discussion. The results showed that Depok City public library of has several roles in the field of education, information, culture and recreation. These roles can be increased by involving technology as a means of library promotion.Conclusion and recommendations. The space and infrastructure in the library can be used optimally for various activities in order to enhance the role of the library as a public space and places for social and physical meetings in the digital era.

Reflexivity: Doing Research with Women in a Mental health Care Facility


 
 
 Reflexivity has been recognised as a crucial strategy in the knowledge generating process and applied in qualitative research to legitimate, validate and question research practices and representation, as well as evaluating the quality of qualitative research. Reflexivity in the social work literature have impacted in research and practice. However, the effect of researcher’s perspectives on the data collection and interpretation process by using reflexivity has not been examined in the mental health research in Malaysia. Thus, this paper aims to explore the role of methodological reflexivity in a qualitative research with Chinese women with mental health problems in a residential care setting in Malaysia. The researcher’s and participants’ interaction and experiences, as well as emotional context during interviews that affect the data interpretation and data collection process are discussed. Greater understanding on their experiences in the care centre has been generated by focusing on these women as an “abled-body” rather than people with disabilities. Recognition of the researcher’s feelings and experiences have enriched the research method and analysis, as well as informing the practice for social workers, health practitioners, and students who work with women with mental health problems.
 
 

Principal Component Analysis based on data characteristics for dimensionality reduction of ECG recordings in arrhythmia classification

Abstract Due to the growing problem of heart diseases, the computer improvement of their diagnostics becomes of great importance. One of the most common heart diseases is cardiac arrhythmia. It is usually diagnosed by measuring the heart activity using electrocardiograph (ECG) and collecting the data as multidimensional medical datasets. However, their storage, analysis and knowledge extraction become highly complex issues. Feature reduction not only enables saving storage and computing resources, but it primarily makes the process of data interpretation more comprehensive. In the paper the new igPCA (in-group Principal Component Analysis) method for feature reduction is proposed. We assume that the set of attributes can be split into subgroups of similar characteristic and then subjected to principal component analysis. The presented method transforms the feature space into a lower dimension and gives the insight into intrinsic structure of data. The method has been verified by experiments done on a dataset of ECG recordings. The obtained effects have been evaluated regarding the number of kept features and classification accuracy of arrhythmia types. Experiment results showed the advantage of the presented method compared to base PCA approach.

39. CLINICAL INTERPRETATION OF NON-STANDARD PGT-A RESULTS

Introduction Preimplantation genetic testing for chromosome anomalies has been used to improve reproductive outcomes for nearly 20 years. But in some cases, the effectiveness of Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) may be reduced. Sources of errors during PGT-A are low sensitivity or specificity of either method or interpretation. The threshold value that separates normal result from pathological is not fully formalized for current methods of PGT-A (aCGH, NGS). The decision on the status of the sample is taken by the interpreter (the expert). Can preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies reduce IVF efficiency? Yes, if euploid embryo is defined as abnormal or if abnormal embryo is recommended for transfer. To estimate how much the interpretation of the same PGT-A data may differ between the readers we designed the project «Many men, many minds». Materials & Methods We compared the experts’ interpretation with some arbitrary reference. The references are the clinical reports, created in Genetico Laboratory, based on the joined decision after discussion of program data between the clinical geneticist, laboratory geneticist and biologist. Participants of the study were 10 readers, 2 of which are outside Russia. We included 50 samples analyzed by aCGH (Cytochip 24sure, Illumina) and 50 samples analyzed by NGS (Veriseq, Illumina) in our project. The samples for interpretation were not representative of routine samples of Genetico Laboratory (not typical samples were chosen for interpretation, but rather most hard to read ones). The experts received data which include chromosome profiles, QC metrics, and chromosome imbalances which automatically determined by the BlueFuse Multi program (Illumina). We asked experts to provide an answer containing molecular karyotype for each sample and clinical recommendations for embryo transfer. Results Interpretation of PGT-A results depends of expert's “school of thought” – at the same lab opinions tend to be more concordant. And interpretation of chromosome profiles by another expert can lead to a change in the clinical fate of the embryo. It is advisable to discuss PGT-A results between specialists before clinical report making. Interpretation of hard to read data of PGT-A is difficult and the role of the human factor very big. The “low specificity” of an expert may led to samples being recognized as aneuploid, although another expert using the same data will give an estimate of “norm” (or vice versa). Reanalysis of PGT-A data may lead to significant changes in clinical decisions regarding the fate of embryos. And after several months we tested if one interpreter could have two different opinions regarding the same sample. The participants of this additional experiment became 5 experts from initial list of participants. We asked them about the interpretation of 10 samples from the initial list. We did not reveal that these samples were same the experts interpreted several months before. We saw that the same expert may have different opinions on the same sample. Conclusions PGT-A allows to increase IVF efficiency, however, we have room for improvement. It is possible to work on improving the process of data interpretation.

Expressing the Tacit Knowledge of a Digital Library System as Linked Data

Library organizations have enthusiastically undertaken semantic web initiatives and in particular the data publishing as linked data. Nevertheless, different surveys report the experimental nature of initiatives and the consumer difficulty in re-using data. These barriers are a hindrance for using linked datasets, as an infrastructure that enhances the library and related information services. This paper presents an approach for encoding, as a Linked Vocabulary, the “tacit” knowledge of the information system that manages the data source. The objective is the improvement of the interpretation process of the linked data meaning of published datasets. We analyzed a digital library system, as a case study, for prototyping the “semantic data management” method, where data and its knowledge are natively managed, taking into account the linked data pillars. The ultimate objective of the semantic data management is to curate the correct consumers’ interpretation of data, and to facilitate the proper re-use. The prototype defines the ontological entities representing the knowledge, of the digital library system, that is not stored in the data source, nor in the existing ontologies related to the system’s semantics. Thus we present the local ontology and its matching with existing ontologies, Preservation Metadata Implementation Strategies (PREMIS) and Metadata Objects Description Schema (MODS), and we discuss linked data triples prototyped from the legacy relational database, by using the local ontology. We show how the semantic data management, can deal with the inconsistency of system data, and we conclude that a specific change in the system developer mindset, it is necessary for extracting and “codifying” the tacit knowledge, which is necessary to improve the data interpretation process.