Data Gathering Procedures Research Articles

Development of Higher Order Thinking Skills Test based on Revised Bloom Taxonomy

The unequal amount of questions that test students' lower and higher-order thinking skills is a concern in mathematics learning evaluation. The unequal amount of questions resulted in poor cognitive levels among students. The purpose of this study is to develop questions that may be used to assess the higher-order thinking skills of senior high school pupils and fulfill the requirements of being valid, practical, and effective. This study is a developmental research that employs the formative evaluation model. Validation sheets, student evaluation sheets, and examinations that measure students' higher-order thinking skills are among the data gathering procedures employed. According to the researchers' findings, the questions generated matched the valid, practical, and effective requirements. The valid criteria are based on the validators' assessments, and both validators agree that the questions created are good and possible to utilize with a few adjustments. Student answer papers to the established questions serve as the basis for practical criteria. According to the response form, 85 percent of pupils answered positively to the questions. Effective criteria are based on pupils' abilities to answer the questions that have been established. According to the test findings, 85 percent of students satisfied the minimal completeness requirements for both questions testing higher-order thinking skills, indicating that the questions were effective. The questions that have been developed by researchers can be used by teachers to evaluate students' higher-order thinking skills so that teachers do not only provide questions that measure students' lower-order thinking skills. In addition, the questions that have been developed can be used as a reference for developing questions that can measure students' higher-order thinking skills.

Linguistic Borrowing of English Words and Utterances among Philippine’s Generation Z in Cebuano Visayan

This descriptive-qualitative study investigates the English-borrowed words in the Cebuano Visayan vocabularies uttered by the select Generation Z in the Southern part of Cebu in the Philippines. The validated self-made matrix from 15 live recorded role-plays of the 80 participants involved in this study. It was analysed in 3 phases; Phase one for Code-mixing in words, Phase two for Code-Switching in utterances, and phase three for monograph construction out from the data-gathering procedure of the study. This study is anchored on the phylogenetic change proposed by Hockett (2008) and the Borrowing Transfer Theory by Odlin (1989). These theories magnify that modification of one or both languages may occur whenever two languages come into contact. The phylogenetic change focuses on language switching and mixing in a specific speaking community. The study's findings showed that most Cebuano Visayan affixes occur in words under verbs. The affixes of the Cebuano Visayan language under adjectives do not significantly influence the meaning of the word but function as an auxiliary in the English word mixed in it. The majority of the content words are in complex grammatical form. Among the three types of code-switching, intrasentential codeswitching is mainly applied. Therefore, it is concluded that Cebuano Visayan uses linguistic borrowing from English through code-mixing in words and code-mixing in utterances. Because these phenomena augment genuine knowledge acquisition, it is recommended that Language Teachers allow the students to use more than one code in oral classroom participation through code-mixing and code-switching.

Analisis Wujud Masalah Sosial dalam Film Kokuhaku karya Tetsuya Nakashima (Kajian Sosiologi Sastra)

This study aims to determine what forms of social problems exist in Tetsuya Nakashima's Kokuhaku film. These causal factors trigger these problems and how to solve the problem using a literary sociology approach. This study employs Wellek and Warren's sociological theory of literary works and Soekanto's theory of existence, sources, and techniques for solving social problems. This study employs a descriptive-analytic method and data gathering procedures gleaned from a literature review. According to the study's findings, there are 27 social problems in Tetsuya Nakashima's Kokuhaku film, including 15 data on societal norm violations in the form of child delinquency, eight difficulties with family disintegration, three crime problems, and one bureaucracy problem. In this video, two causes generate social problems: psychological factors and cultural aspects. Authoritarian measures solve the majority of the social problems in this film.

Village Fund Policy Implementation In Donggala District: Case Study Of Wani Tga Village, Wombo Kalonggo Village And Wombo Mpanau Village

The purpose of this research is to describe how the village fund policy was implemented in three communities in Donggala Regency. This study employs qualitative research because it prioritizes the investigation of inductive thinking processes connected to the dynamics of the observed phenomena's interaction. Five data gathering procedures were used: observation, interviews, focus group discussions, literature review, and document review. Using the Van Meter and Van Horn indicators, it is possible to observe that the study's findings show that there are three reasons why the implementation of the village fund policy has not functioned efficiently. First, the implementers are limited in their ability to carry out village administration tasks. As a result of the tardy input of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget reports (VREB) and the Village Accountability Report every year, there is a delay in the process of disbursing village monies. Second, the village had difficulties in the VREB verification process as a result of pressure from bureaucratic units in selecting activities in the VREB, even though the VREB was defined through village meetings. Third, while resources for executing activities are still limited, they must increase their awareness of any restrictions relating to village fund policies.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING MOTIVATION OF THAI STUDENTS OF LANTARATPRACHAUTIT SCHOOL

Various factors influence students' motivation to learn a foreign language. As a country that has never been invaded by other countries and in which Thai is the official language and English is the only foreign language taught in schools, the study of students' motivation to learn English is worthwhile researching. The goal of this study was to find out what motivated students to learn English and how that desire manifested in classroom activities. Qualitative case study was employed in this study. Three data gathering procedures were used to acquire data i.e. questionnaire, observation, and semi-structured interview. To determine their motivation, 17 fifth-grade pupils at Lantaratprachautit School in Thailand were recruited to fill out a closed-ended questionnaire which was adapted from Gardner's Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB). Three students with varying levels of motivation were observed in order to determine how motivation was reflected in the English classroom. In addition, to triangulate the data in this study, a semi-structured interview was undertaken. The majority of the participants were assessed as having poor motivation, which was consistent with their classroom engagement. Finally, students' interest and participation in classroom activities in the English teaching-learning process represented their motivation in English language learning.

Level of Awareness on Social Media Platforms among the Employees of Kalinga State University Bulanao Campus

Social media platforms are ubiquitous nowadays, and have connected us in ways. We share information and updates with different social media platforms used. Teaching and school-related works are high-stress professions where it’s very important to used social media apps in which it leads to a more productive and collaborative atmosphere hence it is also good everyone’s psyche. Today’s world social media plays a vital role in connecting everyone’s life, and relationship through online communication, postings, and reactions. A descriptive normative survey method was undergone in data gathering procedures such as observation, survey questionnaires, and interviews. This study focuses on the identification of the participant's age and gender demographic profile and common active social media platforms used by the faculty and non-teaching staff in participating group discussion or interaction, determination of the level of awareness on the use of emoticons, common social media terminologies on social media across demographic groups, social media ethical practices and its implications towards their social relations. The work category were 141 Faculty and 30 Non-teaching staff members who are commonly working at one campus and evaluated thru 5 point Likert Scale. Most of the work category belong to the generations which are familiar on the use of computers and android cellphones where social media is easily accessible; Facebook and Messengeris revealed to be the most familiar social media plat forms for postings and sharing of both pictures and movies purposely for collecting social reactions while Messenger was used as communication media both for private and group communications. However, communication barriers are established among faculty and non-teaching staff members on the use of social terminologies and emoticons across demographical groups but generally social media implications has positive effect on social relations.

Level of compliance by the Bulacan State University with the fire and safety requirements of the law

This study aims to determine the level of compliance of each of the buildings at the Bulacan State University (BulSU) – Main Campus with the provisions of the Fire Code of the Philippines. It was noted during the site inspections conducted in the eighteen (18) buildings at the campus that all buildings were not fully compliant with the requirements provided under the said code. The most pressing concerns on BulSU’s non-compliance with the code are the lack of full knowledge with fire and safety requirements of the law, the absence fire brigade team or any official personnel assigned to do the checking and upkeep of the requirements, and absence of the proper regulatory permit requirements such as the building permits and occupancy permit that have implemented by the local government units. Non-compliance also contributed to the non-existing or inadequate number of safety items in each building. Standardized checklist utilized by the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and a survey questionnaire accomplished by the members of the administration council as the respondents were used in data gathering. A structured interview to respective personnel of different offices in the campus sought also to investigate the qualitative aspect of the study. Through the data gathering procedures employed, the researcher was able to derive information that formed the basis for the conclusions and recommendations for the action plan that would be suggested to the administration of Bulacan State University.

Academic Dishonesty in the Philippines: The Case of 21st Century Learners and Teachers

Purpose: Studies revealed that in the eyes of teachers, online education leads to more academic dishonesty, however, this study does not intend to justify that it is more prevalent in this mode of learning compared with physical classes. Nevertheless, the world has shifted to a modern learning approach called online education when the pandemic brought significant changes in people’s lives, and that the respondents of this study were students who during the data gathering procedure are enrolled in courses that utilize online learning approach and “academic servers” who during the same process are offering their services to students enrolled in the same mode of learning. This has led to this study that primarily aims to explore the industry of academic servicing that is believed to be a platform where academic dishonesty is tolerated and widely practiced amidst the new normal. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study has focused on 650 members of three groups in social media that promotes academic servicing where students can transact with people who offers their services in doing students’ academic requirements. The researcher utilized a qualitative-descriptive research approach whereas Semi-Structured interviews have been conducted and coding has been performed to analyze the data collected. Findings/Result: Results show that there is lack of discipline among students of the 21st century, particularly students who have enrolled during academic year 2020-2021, whereas, it is in the Senior High School Level and College Level where academic dishonesty is most prevalent. It was revealed that the key players in this “industry” aside from these students includes private and public-school teachers, unemployed senior high school and college graduates, and industry professionals. Most people who offer their services to do students’ academic requirements who are called academic servers are teachers, and they usually earn between Php. 1,500.00 and Php. 20,000.00 on a weekly basis from their clients who pay an average of Php. 500.00 per work. The top reasons why students engage in academic dishonesty are the overwhelming workload which is linked to poor time management, inability to independently study which is linked to poor or zero understanding on lessons and low support from teachers and parents, laziness, influence of peers, and pressure to get good grades, while the main motivation of academic servers in offering their services to students is to earn money, though some have expressed that at the same time, they would like to help struggling students. Results of this study shows low quality of education in the country and poor integrity of graduates of school year 2020-2021, and indicates clear violation of the code of ethics for professional teachers. Originality/Value: This study explored a problem in education that has been poorly addressed in the Philippines over the years. This study shows low quality of education in the country and poor integrity of graduates of school year 2020-2021, and indicates clear violation of the code of ethics for professional teachers. Results also questions the effectiveness of online learning in the Philippines, which the researcher believes to be relevant today as educational institutions shifted to online classes. Paper Type: Exploratory Research

Detection of Abnormalities in Real-Time Computer Network Traffic Empowered by Machine Learning

This research discloses how to utilize machine learning methods for anomaly detection in real-time on a computer network. While utilizing machine learning for this task is definitely not a novel idea, little literature is about the matter of doing it in real-time. Most machine learning research in PC network anomaly detection depends on the KDD '99 data set and means to demonstrate the proficiency of the algorithms introduced. The emphasis on this data set has caused a lack of scientific papers disclosing how to assemble network data, remove features, and train algorithms for use inreal-time networks. It has been contended that utilizing the KDD '99 dataset for anomaly detection is not appropriate for real-time network systems. This research proposes how the data gathering procedure will be possible utilizing a dummy network and generating synthetic network traffic by analyzing the importance of One-class SVM. As the efficiency of k-means clustering and LTSM neural networks is lower than one-class SVM, that is why this research uses the results of existing research of LSTM and k-means clustering for the comparison with reported outcomes of a similar algorithm on the KDD '99 dataset. Precisely, without engaging KDD ’99 data set by using synthetic network traffic, this research achieved the higher accuracy as compared to the previous researches.

Commentary: the ethical challenges of machine learning in psychiatry: a focus on data, diagnosis, and treatment

The clinical interview is the psychiatrist's data gathering procedure. However, the clinical interview is not a defined entity in the way that 'vitals' are defined as measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, temperature, and oxygen saturation. There are as many ways to approach a clinical interview as there are psychiatrists; and trainees can learn as many ways of performing and formulating the clinical interview as there are instructors (Nestler, 1990). Even in the same clinical setting, two clinicians might interview the same patient and conduct very different examinations and reach different treatment recommendations. From the perspective of data science, this mismatch is not one of personal style or idiosyncrasy but rather one of uncertain salience: neither the clinical interview nor the data thereby generated is operationalized and, therefore, neither can be rigorously evaluated, tested, or optimized.

Oral Fluency: Basis for Designing a Communicative Competence Structured Module

This study analyzed and observed the oral discourse of Local Community College students. A descriptive analysis was conducted to find out the communicative competence level among the one hundred fifty randomly chosen respondents. A triangulation method was initiated to ensure the legitimacy of the gathered data. Focus Group Discussion, Classroom Observation, and Individual Interview were used to collect and validate the data gathering procedure. Results showed that one hundred five out of one hundred fifty respondents belong to the unconscious incompetence level while the remaining forty-five fall under the conscious competence level. The study concluded with the findings that the design of a communicative competence based module was necessary to develop oral fluency. The paper recommended for students to be constantly exposed to communicative activities in their classes to further develop their communication competencies.

Research of internet of things method for data Compression

ABSTRACT IoT has helped to understand the full range of internet apps used in different manufacturing and hypothetical fields. It is possible by contributing people to an unparalleled level of ease and enjoyment. In Addition to this, recent research in computer and communication technologies has provided an entire group of convenience and comfortable and enjoyable. It will stretch the entire entree to the information about the physical ecosphere and the object that has to explain the complete innovation services to increase efficiency and productivity. The total populace for the research drive is recognized as the 150 persons from diverse age groups and backgrounds—the data gathering procedure underway in September 2019. For exploring the critical level of dependents and independents, the Variable’s adequate sample scope required. The benefit of supporting the IoT usage with the infrastructure and individuals and other persons toward the IoT will help to understand the sustainable use of IoT. This research study objective to measure the issues influence the sustainability of IoT. The overall results represent the significant relationship between them. Social influences, performance expectancy describe the positive relation and many connections with the sustainability usage of IoT.

The Spatial Dimension of COVID-19: The Potential of Earth Observation Data in Support of Slum Communities with Evidence from Brazil

The COVID-19 health emergency is impacting all of our lives, but the living conditions and urban morphologies found in poor communities make inhabitants more vulnerable to the COVID-19 outbreak as compared to the formal city, where inhabitants have the resources to follow WHO guidelines. In general, municipal spatial datasets are not well equipped to support spatial responses to health emergencies, particularly in poor communities. In such critical situations, Earth observation (EO) data can play a vital role in timely decision making and can save many people’s lives. This work provides an overview of the potential of EO-based global and local datasets, as well as local data gathering procedures (e.g., drones), in support of COVID-19 responses by referring to two slum areas in Salvador, Brazil as a case study. We discuss the role of datasets as well as data gaps that hinder COVID-19 responses. In Salvador and other low- and middle-income countries’ (LMICs) cities, local data are available; however, they are not up to date. For example, depending on the source, the population of the study areas in 2020 varies by more than 20%. Thus, EO data integration can help in updating local datasets and in the acquisition of physical parameters of poor urban communities, which are often not systematically collected in local surveys.

Information and Communication Technology and Research Productivity of Librarians in Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State

The purpose of this study was to identify the impacts of Information and Communication Technology on research productivity of librarians in BOWEN University Library, Iwo, Osun State from 2017 - 2019. The study adopted a survey method. The population of the study consisted of 10 librarians. Questionnaire was adopted as research instrument to collect data from the 10 librarians in the Library through a total enumeration method. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical method. Findings revealed that the research productivity of the librarians was low. However, they made use of ICT’s for their research activities with attendant impacts. Major impacts were noticed in the area of data gathering procedures, and also collaborative research and improvement of quality and quantity of literature search and data analysis. The study recommends among others that librarians should endeavour to publish more research papers encouraged to receive trainings and necessary skills on the use of new technologies for research purpose.
 Keywords: Research, Librarians, Bowen University, Research productivity, ICT

Structural Relationships Between Negative Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Symptoms of Internet Addiction: Mediating Role of Anxiety

Background: Internet addiction is one of the most paramount problems of societies. Therefore, the knowledge of its influencing factors is of special importance. Methods: The present study was correlational in terms of goals and descriptive in terms of the data gathering procedure. The statistical population consisted of 2,000 male students and included all fourth-grade students of state high schools of Tabriz City in 2017. The sample included 246 students, selected through random cluster sampling. For the collection of data, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation questionnaire (CERQ), Young’s Diagnostic questionnaire (YDQ), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used. Then, the collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results: Negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies could explain internet addiction symptoms. Self-blame, other-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, and anxiety could explain internet addiction symptoms directly. The indirect effect of self-blame and rumination on internet addiction mediated by anxiety was positive and significant; however, the indirect effect of other-blame and catastrophizing on internet addiction mediated by anxiety was not significant. Conclusions: The findings have practical implications for clinical psychologists and can be used for diagnosis and therapy of internet addiction disorder.

RISING FROM COVID-19: PRIVATE SCHOOLS' READINESS AND RESPONSE AMIDST A GLOBAL PANDEMIC

Schools’ stakeholders are the most affected during this time of the pandemic. They are mostly the ones at a loss and are the ones sacrificing, may it be either academically, financially, or both. The different gathered data aimed to provide clarity on the issues and provide propositions on how to conduct the schools’ organic functions, possibly during and after the pandemic. In this study, a total of 220 participants came from 44 different schools. The study employed a concurrent-triangulation research design in which an online survey was sent to the participants. Also, teachers coming from international schools and schools outside the Philippines were contacted to have them share their experiences in regards to how their schools handle the situation. Lastly, document analysis was also utilized as a data-gathering procedure. Hence, a model focusing on six factors, namely: ICT Literacy Training, Stakeholder’s Educational Equity, Re-engineering of Teacher’s Mindset, Pedagogical Innovation, Re-designing of the Curriculum, and Re-evaluation of Assessments and Grading System was proposed.

Improving Students’ English Writing Proficiency through Interactive Writing Technique

One of the active skills required not only in the field of academe for students but also in the industry world with degree holder employees that cause predicament in both areas is writing. Writing is one of the hurdles of different companies with their degree holder employees. Similarly, in the context of the academe, it is also found by previous studies that students are coping in writing academic essays and other writing outputs. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of interactive writing technique in intensifying basic writing skills to produce competent employees both in the academe and in the business world. This study also sought to address the predicament of students’ and employees’ low-level proficiency in basic writing. Interactive Writing is a collaborative technique used to enhance the level of proficiency when it comes to the organization of ideas, diction, elaboration, support and writing mechanics. Purposively, using these objectives: To investigate the level of English major’s writing proficiency in pre-test and post-test along with content, mechanics, organization, diction, elaboration, and support; to identify the level of effectiveness of the interactive technique and be able to establish an output based on the research findings. The study used a mixed-method design. Three phases of data gathering procedure were employed namely; pre-test, intervention, and post-test. Pre-test and Post-test were compared using the t-test and analyzed using the Error Density Index of Malicsi (2018). Results of the study unveil that students writing in the post-test improved from the pre-test general weighted mean of 2.28 interpreted as "developing" to 2.58 general weighted mean in the post-test interpreted as "approaching proficiency", indicating that there is an improvement in the writing proficiency of the students after various interventions using the Interactive Writing Technique. Moreover, these results were advertised and employed in producing a teacher and student module to continuously strengthen and amplify student's basic writing skills.

Rising from Covid-19: Private Schools’ Readiness and Response Amidst a Global Pandemic

Schools’ stakeholders are the most affected during this time of the pandemic. They are mostly the ones at a loss and are the ones sacrificing, may it be either academically, financially, or both. The different gathered data aimed to provide clarity on the issues and provide propositions on how to conduct the schools’ organic functions, possibly during and after the pandemic. In this study, a total of 220 participants came from 44 different schools. The study employed a concurrent-triangulation research design in which an online survey was sent to the participants. Also, teachers coming from international schools and schools outside the Philippines were contacted to have them share their experiences in regards to how their schools handle the situation. Lastly, document analysis was also utilized as a data-gathering procedure. Hence, a model focusing on six factors, namely: ICT Literacy Training, Stakeholder’s Educational Equity, Re-engineering of Teacher’s Mindset, Pedagogical Innovation, Re-designing of the Curriculum, and Re-evaluation of Assessments and Grading System was proposed.

Culturally Relevant Science Teaching: A Case Study of Physics Teaching Practices of the Obo Monuvu Tribe

The knowledge and practice of science are rooted in culture. One specific theory that reflects this idea is that of culturally relevant science teaching. The challenge in the Philippines, being a multicultural nation, is that each indigenous community would have its own set of culture and beliefs. Indigenous peoples suffer from the failure of the mainstream education system to address the context of the indigenous community (ECIP, 2007). With the end in mind of documenting culturally relevant science teaching (CRST), this study was conducted among the Grade 8 physics teachers of the Obo Monuvu tribe of Cotabato. The research employed qualitative case study as its research design using observation, interview, focus group discussion, and archiving as its data gathering procedure. The results showed 12 commonly used teaching practices. These teaching practices, according to the teachers, were developed as a result of the following factors: (a) Teacher’s adjustments, (b) students’ view education, and (c) problems that teachers encounter in teaching physics. Among the teaching practices, ten practices reflect academic success, three practices reflect cultural competence, and none for sociopolitical consciousness. The study suggests reviewing the science curriculum and instruction such that it becomes relevant to the Obo Monuvu tribe.

Hány barátja van Önnek? : A barátok számának alakulása három évtized alatt (1986–2018)

A barátnak tekintett kapcsolatok számosságának alakulását vizsgáljuk nyolc reprezentatív lakossági adatfelvétel segítségével az elmúlt 3 évtized során. Az elemzés a baráttal nem rendelkezők, az 1–5 baráttal rendelkezők, illetve a legalább 6 barátot említők jellemzőit vizsgálja. Az életkor növekedésével jelentősen csökken, az iskolai végzettség emelkedésével pedig nő a barátok száma és az aktív munkaerőpiaci részvétel is tágabb baráti körrel jár együtt. A nem differenciáló hatása a vizsgált időszak végére eltűnt. A barát számok eloszlásának és a baráttal egyáltalán nem rendelkezők arányának jelentős ingadozása az adatfelvételi eltéréseken túl összességében a baráti kapcsolatok belső struktúrájának átalakulását és a barátság köznapi definíciójának módosulását jelzi. Az adatok a társadalom teljes spektrumát érintő homogenizációs trendre utalnak: napjainkban néhány baráttal a magyar felnőtt lakosság túlnyomó többsége rendelkezik. A barátot nélkülözők aránya csökken, amit pozitívan értékelhetünk, ugyanakkor a kimondottan kiterjedt baráti körrel rendelkezők számának szintén jelentős csökkenése a szélesebb társadalmi integráció gyengülését mutatja.