Post Data Analysis Research Articles

Generation of multiple analog pulses with different duty cycles within VME control system for ICRH Aditya system

Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) is a promising heating method for a fusion device due to its localized power deposition profile, a direct ion heating at high density, and established technology for high RF power generation and transmission at low cost. Multiple analog pulse with different duty cycle in master of digital pulse for Data acquisition and Control system for steady state RF ICRH System(RF ICRH DAC) to be used for operating of RF Generator in Aditya to produce pre ionization and second analog pulse will produce heating.The control system software is based upon single digital pulse operation for RF source. It is planned to integrate multiple analog pulses with different duty cycle in master of digital pulse for Data acquisition and Control system for RF ICRH System(RF ICRH DAC) to be used for operating of RF Generator in Aditya tokamak. The task of RF ICRH DAC is to control and acquisition of all ICRH system operation with all control loop and acquisition for post analysis of data with java based tool. For pre ionization startup as well as heating experiments using multiple RF Power of different powers and duration. The experiment based upon the idea of using single RF generator to energize antenna inside the tokamak to radiate power twise, out of which first analog pulse will produce pre ionization and second analog pulse will produce heating.The whole system is based on standard client server technology using tcp/ip protocol. DAC Software is based on linux operating system for highly reliable, secure and stable system operation in failsafe manner. Client system is based on tcl/tk like toolkit for user interface with c/c++ like environment which is reliable programming languages widely used on stand alone system operation with server as vxWorks real time operating system like environment. The paper is focused on the Data acquisition and monitoring system software on Aditya RF ICRH System with analog pulses in slave mode with digital pulse in master mode for control acquisition and monitoring and interlocking.

Advanced secondary ion mass spectroscopy quantification in the first few nanometer of B, P, and As ultrashallow implants

This article presents investigation on secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) profile quantification for ultrashallow profiles. New configuration for the cesium and oxygen sources on the CAMECA IMS Wf tool-provides SIMS profiling capability at 150 eV impact energy with sputter rates of 1 and 2 nm/min for the Cs+ and O2+ primary beams, respectively. Results for as-implanted B, P, and As profiles using extremely low impact energy (EXLIE) sputtering conditions are reported. They are compared with high resolution Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and elastic recoil detection analysis profiles. The overall results confirm that the use of EXLIE conditions minimizes near surface (depth <5 nm) artifacts but data quantification still requires dedicated postanalysis data treatment to take into account matrix effects between Si and SiO2.

Methods for interpreting lists of affected genes obtained in a DNA microarray experiment.

The aim of this paper was to describe and compare the methods used and the results obtained by the participants in a joint EADGENE (European Animal Disease Genomic Network of Excellence) and SABRE (Cutting Edge Genomics for Sustainable Animal Breeding) workshop focusing on post analysis of microarray data. The participating groups were provided with identical lists of microarray probes, including test statistics for three different contrasts, and the normalised log-ratios for each array, to be used as the starting point for interpreting the affected probes. The data originated from a microarray experiment conducted to study the host reactions in broilers occurring shortly after a secondary challenge with either a homologous or heterologous species of Eimeria. Several conceptually different analytical approaches, using both commercial and public available software, were applied by the participating groups. The following tools were used: Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, MAPPFinder, LIMMA, GOstats, GOEAST, GOTM, Globaltest, TopGO, ArrayUnlock, Pathway Studio, GIST and AnnotationDbi. The main focus of the approaches was to utilise the relation between probes/genes and their gene ontology and pathways to interpret the affected probes/genes. The lack of a well-annotated chicken genome did though limit the possibilities to fully explore the tools. The main results from these analyses showed that the biological interpretation is highly dependent on the statistical method used but that some common biological conclusions could be reached. It is highly recommended to test different analytical methods on the same data set and compare the results to obtain a reliable biological interpretation of the affected genes in a DNA microarray experiment.

Application of the finite element method to predict the crashworthy response of a metallic helicopter under floor structure onto water

Helicopters are seen by the petroleum industry as the only viable way of transportation between on and offshore platforms. At present, there exists no certification requirement to ensure a high level of survivability in the event of a water impact. Within the literature, there exists a body of information related to the post crash analysis of accident data, which supports the finding that a conventional metallic under floor design performs poorly during a water impact, in relation to the transmission of water pressure and the absorption of energy. In order to characterise this behaviour, this paper concerns the crashworthiness of helicopters on water for an impact speed of 8 m s −1, for a simple box-beam construction that is common to metallic helicopters. A complete section-by-section analysis of a component floor will be presented, which has been compared both quantatively and qualitatively with the results provided by the finite element code, LS-DYNA3D. Comparisons will be made to collapsed frame height, as well as to detailed measurements for skin deflection. The main areas of good and poor agreement are discussed and conclusions drawn on the validity of the simulations, with a view for developing a practical methodology for fluid–structure interactions. This paper discusses the recommendations for design changes that could potential improve the level of crashworthiness currently offered, through the careful redesign of frames and joints, in order to allow for progressive collapse and sustained energy absorption. This paper concludes with a recommendation that a next generation design must incorporate a passive dual role capability that can cater for both hard and soft surface impacts, by being able to degrade its localised strength depending upon the type of surface encountered.

Torsional fatigue behavior of adhesively joined tubes

A commonly utilized method of joining metal tubes to each other is to bond them by the use of adhesives. Structures created in such a manner are frequently subjected to various types of loading, i.e. tension, compression, bending, torsion or combination of these. Of particular interest and significance in many industries is what happens when torsional cyclic loading is applied to such joints, which subject the joint to fatigue. The joint configuration will perform differently depending upon various variables, i.e. bond gap, bond length, etc. …. The extended usage of the metal structures mentioned above is frequently encountered in the field and inspections in industrial use are intended to provide information on the soundness of these structures in general and joints in particular and to identify the amount of accumulated damage that is deemed acceptable at the time of inspection. The successful evaluation of these structures without doing destructive testing is of immense value to industrial users. NDT procedures (non-destructive techniques) to evaluate the damage to the structures present a better approach because they lead to better comprehension of the residual stresses present within the joints, lead to an improved and more effective utilization of materials and allow for prediction of the period of the utility of the joint. A comprehensive effort is under way to study the fatigue caused phenomena of adhesively joined aluminum tubular connections subjected to torsional cyclic loading. This includes the testing of a popular and widely utilized adhesive; which entails the design of the test rig, instrumentation, and post data analysis. Assessments of damages to the joints will be carried out upon conclusion of the experimental work as well as the analytical study enabling prediction of the phenomena encountered to assist the designer when planning such joints.

A high-throughput urinalysis of abused drugs based on a SPE-LC–MS/MS method coupled with an in-house developed post-analysis data treatment system

A rapid urinalysis system based on SPE-LC–MS/MS with an in-house post-analysis data management system has been developed for the simultaneous identification and semi-quantitation of opiates (morphine, codeine), methadone, amphetamines (amphetamine, methylamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)), 11-benzodiazepines or their metabolites and ketamine. The urine samples are subjected to automated solid phase extraction prior to analysis by LC–MS (Finnigan Surveyor LC connected to a Finnigan LCQ Advantage) fitted with an Alltech Rocket Platinum EPS C-18 column. With a single point calibration at the cut-off concentration for each analyte, simultaneous identification and semi-quantitation for the abovementioned drugs can be achieved in a 10 min run per urine sample. A computer macro-program package was developed to automatically retrieve appropriate data from the analytical data files, compare results with preset values (such as cut-off concentrations, MS matching scores) of each drug being analyzed and generate user-defined Excel reports to indicate all positive and negative results in batch-wise manner for ease of checking. The final analytical results are automatically copied into an Access database for report generation purposes. Through the use of automation in sample preparation, simultaneous identification and semi-quantitation by LC–MS/MS and a tailored made post-analysis data management system, this new urinalysis system significantly improves the quality of results, reduces the post-data treatment time, error due to data transfer and is suitable for high-throughput laboratory in batch-wise operation.

Establishment of the NMDP Cord Blood Banking Network.

Bone marrow transplantation can successfully treat patients with advanced malignancies, bone marrow failure syndromes, congenital immunodeficiency syndromes, hemoglobinopathies and inborn errors of metabolism. However the majority of patients in need of this therapy lack a matched related family member to serve as the donor. The National Marrow Donor Program was established 17 years ago to provide a registry of volunteer adult unrelated donors for patients in need of a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The NMDP lists >5,000,000 donors and has facilitated >20,000 unrelated transplants to date. Despite this success, approximately 30% of Caucasian and 80% of African American patients are unable to find a suitably matched living volunteer adult donor.Over the past 11 years, studies have demonstrated that partially HLA mismatched, banked unrelated donor umbilical cord blood could substitute for bone marrow as an allogeneic hematopoietic cell source for transplantation. This resource may help increase access to transplantation therapy for the majority of patients lacking a fully HLA matched volunteer adult donor. This has created a need to increase the inventory of banked unrelated donor cord blood units nationwide. To date, existing banks have operated independently without a central registry to list and manage donors. In addition, overall banking practices had not been standardized leading to confusion about product quality and content. Finally, increased diversity and larger units are needed to best meet the needs of patients looking for an allogeneic donor.The NMDP has created a network of 13 cord blood banks, with a registered inventory of > 30,000 banked cord blood units, that are working together to establish and follow common quality standards. In addition, the network of banks lists their inventory in a single registry in order to facilitate and increase the efficiency of patient and transplant center access. Additional objectives of the network include the establishment of an ongoing inter-bank proficiency program; an educational program to train transplant center search coordinators on cord blood unit selection and to train transplant center laboratory staff on cord blood thawing and testing; a collections subcommittee to evaluate collection activities, donor selection criteria, donor testing; and an informatics program for intra and interbank cord blood unit information, HLA typing, searching and post transplant followup clinical data collection and analysis (CORDLink® and TRANSLink®).All member banks have agreed upon criteria for quality standards for future cord blood units collected through the members of the network. Specific details of donor education, recruitment, selection; cord blood collection, processing, cryopreservation and banking; information technology for cord blood data, inventory and search management; thawing and post transplant clinical data acquisition and analysis have been established.This NMDP Cord Blood Banking Network represents the first cooperative effort of multiple unrelated donor cord blood banks to agree to common practices and quality standards on a National basis. Of utmost importance is the additional fact that these units will be listed on a single, search registry ensuring access to all NMDP Transplant Centers.

Thermal control of Huygens mock up probe in Earth atmosphere: Thermo‐fluid dynamic simulation and mission data

AbstractA mock up of Huygens probe with 76 channels acquisition has been developed at University of Padova and successfully flown with a stratospheric space balloon from Italian Space Agency Base in Trapani on May 30th 2002. Temperature sensors have monitored temperature profiles in critical points of electronics, batteries and structure during raise at 40 km altitude, floating and parachuted descent. A thermal model of the probe has been implemented taking into consideration incoming external fluxes (solar direct, albedo and radiative heat fluxes), internal heat fluxes generation and convective heat transfer with atmosphere as a function of probe altitude. For the evaluation of convective fluxes and probe spinning rates an algebraic turbulent model, developed by the present authors, has been employed. This model is suitable to predict effects such as flow curvature and separation and solid boundary rotations. Simulation results have been utilized during project phase to optimize thermal paths in order to keep critical components in the allowable temperature range and for post flight analysis of mission data. These data show that passive thermal control of the probe has performed as expected contributing to a extremely successful scientific flight.

Application software for analyses of creep crack growth dataEditor's note: The authors have agreed to make the source code for their software available at no cost. Please request the software directly from the authors

A generalized, interactive and user friendly application software has been developed for post data analysis of constant load creep crack growth (CCG) studies. The software is personal computer based and operates under MS-DOS environment. The software handles raw or engineering data of CCG studies on CCT, SENT or CT specimen geometry, under plane stress or strain condition. It enables the user to correlate creep crack growth rate with macroscopic crack-tip parameters such as the reference stress, σ ref, net section stress, σ net, stress intensity factor, K, and the energy rate integral, C* and C t, of the time dependent fracture mechanics concepts. It incorporates a data reduction scheme and validity criteria for the C* parameter as recommended in ASTM-E-1457-92 specification. The validity and use of the software has been demonstrated in the paper by analysing the raw data of CCG studies on a SENT type specimen of a cast nickel–base superalloy.

Additive double gate analysis in photoinduced current transient spectroscopy: Application to cuprous oxide

AbstractPhotoinduced current transient spectroscopy, in its conventional doublegate version, has been used extensively in the characterization of deep levels in semiinsulating materials. The analysis of the digitally captured transient signals by the post capture double gate method is a parallel technique with much more advantages. One of the drawbacks of the latter is, of course, the excessive time needed to capture data with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio. We have shown that the capturing time can be chosen tobe relatively low and the signal‐to‐noise ratio can be improved by a post capture data analysis referred to as the additive double gate analysis. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated by the results obtained, for the first time, on high resistivity films of cuprous oxide. Thetechnique leads to the identification and measurement of the parameters of a few deep levels. The apparent activation energies of these levels are 0.33, 0.47, 0.49, and 0.59 eV. The corresponding capture cross sections are 2 × 10−17, 7 × 10−12, 1 × 10−15 (7 × 10−13), and 4 × 10−15 cm2, respectively.

Simultaneous determination of carbohydrates and products of carbohydrate metabolism in fermentation mixtures by HPLC.

An improved procedure for separating and quantitating carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids in fermentation mixtures metabolized by intestinal microflora is described. The high-pressure liquid chromatographic method is efficient, reproducible, and sensitive. A column packed with cation-exchange resin in the hydrogen form, eluted isocratically with 0.028 M H2SO4 at 40 degrees C separates the compounds of interest. The eluate is monitored with ultraviolet and refractive index detectors in series. On-line acquistion and storage of detector output by a computer allows post-analysis data manipulation and quantitation. Using this method, the metabolic profiles for the fermentation of glucose, fructose, lactose, and sucrose by several intestinal microorganisms are characterized and compared.

Multichannel Detection in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A linear photodiode array has been used as the photodetector element in a new ultraviolet-visible detection system for high-performance liquid chromatography. This array allows simultaneous acquisition of light intensity data at all wavelengths between 190 and 600 nanometers. By use of a computer network concept in the electronics, this detection system can process eight different chromatographic signals simultaneously in real time and acquire spectra manually or automatically. Detector response times are variable and can be as low as 0.040 second, and bandwidth selection is variable from 4 to 400 nanometers. These characteristics permit fast chromatographic techniques and user-selectable signal-to-noise ratio enhancement. Spectra can be acquired in 10 milliseconds, permitting qualitative characterization at several different points on a single peak without destroying chromatographic signal integrity. Examples illustrate applications in fast high-performance liquid chromatography peak purity determination, and postanalysis data reduction.

"RUASA"; an automated rapid sediment analyser

The Rice University Automated Sediment Analyser (RUASA) is a totally automated settling tube system which enables fast, reliable determination of size frequency (phi ) or settling velocity (psi ) distributions of sand and silt samples. Most important, it offers considerable flexibility with regard to sampling rates, data storage and editing, and post experiment data analysis.