Message Authentication Research Articles

Recording and researching doctoral supervision meetings: reconceptualising authenticity in supervision research

Purpose This paper contends that data generated by research on supervision are often taken as authentic data. Through an examination of studies that use audio/visual recordings to investigate supervision, the paper both promotes and problematises the recording of supervision meetings as a useful technique for doctoral supervision research. This paper aims to encourage a critical evaluation of methodological choices in research on supervision, and both promotes and problematises the practice of recording supervision meetings to enhance nuance in research on supervision practices. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews how prior studies have adopted different research methods to construct the space of supervision, and how the chosen methods have been justified. The paper draws on data from an empirical study which included interviews with supervisors in China, based on recordings of their supervision meetings. Findings Presenting a single case with one participant to explore the recording and interview process in detail, this study demonstrates how hearing the supervision meeting can present a multi-faceted picture of supervision practice. This multi-faceted picture underpins the alternative understanding of authentic data that this study unpacks. Originality/value Drawing on the tradition of poststructuralist critiques of traditional research methodology, this study is presented as a methodological paper, with a core aim of interrogating and problematising methodological decisions taken in studies of doctoral supervision. This study reviews research methods that were used in prior studies on supervision, investigating how the chosen methods were justified and how these methods affect the resultant construction of supervision.

Securing Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Management: Textual Data Encryption and Access Control

A supply chain (SC) encompasses a network of businesses, individuals, events, data, and resources orchestrating the movement of goods or services from suppliers to customers. Leveraging a blockchain-based platform, smart contracts play a pivotal role in aligning business logic and tracking progress within supply chain activities. Employing two distinct ledgers, namely Hyperledger and Ethereum, introduces challenges in handling the escalating volume of data and addressing the technical expertise gap related to supply chain management (SCM) tools in blockchain technology. Within the domain of blockchain-based SCM, the growing volume of data activities introduces challenges in the efficient regulation of data flow and the assurance of privacy. To tackle these challenges, a straightforward approach is recommended to manage data growth and thwart unauthorized entries or spam attempts within blockchain ledgers. The proposed technique focuses on validating hashes to ensure blockchain integrity. Emphasizing the authentication of sensitive data on the blockchain to bolster SCM, this approach compels applications to shoulder increased accountability. The suggested technique involves converting all data into textual format, implementing code encryption, and establishing permission-based access control. This strategy aims to address inherent weaknesses in blockchain within SCM. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique in providing security and privacy for various types of data within SCM. Overall, the approach enhances the robustness of blockchain-based SCM, offering a comprehensive solution to navigate evolving challenges in data management and privacy assurance.

Kombinasi Kriptografi Modern Dalam Keamanan Pesan Teks

In the rapidly advancing digital era, information security has become a crucial aspect in maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data. This article discusses the relationship between information system auditing and the use of modern cryptographic combinations in securing text messages. Information system auditing serves as an evaluation mechanism to ensure that security policies, procedures, and standards are correctly and consistently applied. On the other hand, modern cryptography provides advanced encryption technology that protects text messages from unauthorized access and manipulation. By combining these two approaches, we can create a robust framework for securing text messages, ensuring that data remains safe and protected during transmission and storage. Research results indicate that integrating information system auditing with modern cryptographic techniques significantly enhances the security and reliability of information systems.

A Proposal for a Mobility-Control Data Transfer Mechanism Based on a Block Network Utilizing End-to-End Authentication Data

Advances in communications technology have had tremendous influence on network implementation to date, and as communication devices get smaller and technologies more intelligent, a great number of solutions are emerging that converge communications with a multitude of domains. In particular, as transportation modes assisting with mobility have developed, many studies are in the pipeline on the domain of mobility. The development of mobility services has prompted the spread of car sharing, which also highlights the need for a system that controls shared vehicles. The data of such control system can be used not only for the operational management of vehicles but also the management of users in terms of user driving analysis or monitoring safe driving. In addition, it can be utilized in a variety of other applications that analyze traffic flow based on vehicle driving data, determine required vehicle maintenance intervals, or schedule vehicle maintenance in advance. However, if forged/altered by a third party, control data might pose a lot of challenges to data utilization. This study proposes a mechanism that manages control data on a blockchain to enhance the integrity of control data created in the communications process. In this paper, we propose a mechanism for applying a blockchain to the communication process between clients and servers. In the proposed mechanism, platform operators generate and provide independent identification information and identification numbers for users. The identification information and identification numbers are used to prove that the generated blocks were created by specific users. Data generated by clients create a block with a hash including user identification information alongside the user identification number. Verification of the generated block is performed on the platform vendor’s server, validating that the user identification number in the block matches the server-side user identification information and the hash of the data within the block. Thus, even when the contents of the block are shared in a public blockchain environment, user identification information is only held by the server and clients, preventing third parties from impersonating specific users to create data blocks. Furthermore, the verification process of the data includes hashes received from other nearby vehicles, preventing data tampering by the block creator.

Linguistic landscaping in Kathmandu’s Thamel ‘Chinatown’: language as commodity in the construction of a cosmopolitan transnational space

ABSTRACT This study explores the linguistic landscape of a new unofficial 'Chinatown' in Kathmandu, Nepal. Located in the tourist hub Thamel, this Chinatown came into being recently because of globalisation and China's outbound tourism boom. Using authentic photographic data, this study examines how the use of Chinese and various semiotic elements (e.g. colour) contributes to the making of a commodified ethnic enclave and space of consumption, where a foreign culture is inscribed and embedded in the existing built environment. Unlike the traditional old-world Chinatowns, simplified Chinese characters are omnipresent in this Chinatown and many Chinese-run business names are highly up-to-date and reflect the latest trends in their home country. The exclusive use of monolingual Chinese is also commonplace. Interestingly, awkwardly hand-copied Chinese and Google translated Chinese are used as part of local businesses' marketing repertoire in what can be called 'linguistic jugaad'. Additionally, some local businesses resort to creative, affective and playful language to attract and engage with Chinese tourists. Contributing to research on ethnic enclaves and urban sociolinguistics, this study highlights language as commodity in transforming/constructing a cosmopolitan transnational space in our globalised and mobile world, illustrating how South-South population flows can leave material traces in a place's linguistic ecology.

Evaluation based on multi-criteria decision-making methods and spherical fuzzy framework for security and privacy in metaverse technologies: A case study

Integrating the metaverse technology with the transportation system has several security and privacy issues. This study assesses the 12 security solutions to select the best one to overcome security and privacy issues (such as data theft, unauthorized access, and theft of personal data) when integrating the transportation system with metaverse technology. A suggested methodology is conducted by experts and decision-makers using linguistic terms and spherical fuzzy numbers to express their opinions on evaluating the criteria and alternatives. Selecting the best security solution (alternative) is critical because it includes several conflict security criteria, such as data theft, authentication, security attacks, and others. This paper introduces a methodology for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) in a spherical fuzzy (SF) environment. The MCDM method dealt with various conflicting criteria, and SF dealt with uncertainty and vague information while evaluating the criteria and alternatives. The suggested methodology consists of two main phases. The first phase introduces the analytic hierarchy process (SF-AHP) method to compute the criteria weights. The second phase introduces the Weighted Aggregates Sum Product Assessment (SF-WASPAS) method to rank and select the best alternative. The results show the end-to-end authentication protocol is the best alternative (security solution). This study conducted a sensitivity analysis of the stability of the rank by changing the criteria’s weights. The sensitivity analysis results show that the end-to-end authentication protocol is the best alternative (security solution) in different cases. We compare the suggested methodology with six other MCDM methods: SF-TOPSIS, SF-VIKOR, SF-MABAC, SF-CODAS, SF-MARCOS, and SF-COPRAS to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the presented methodology is robust compared to other MCDM methods.

A robust multi-key authority system for privacy-preserving distribution and access control of healthcare data

Innovation in medical technology and communication has rapidly empowered the development of smart healthcare devices. This has led to privacy breaches, threats and vulnerabilities to sensitive patient data that result in unwanted or targeted advertising. Previous research has focused on protecting access to sensitive patient data from unauthorized entities, especially by defining roles of healthcare entities in the overall system with their access privileges. However, such efforts need to be further robust due to the involvement of a single key authority that may lead to a critical point of failure. In this paper, this vulnerability has been addressed by developing a novel approach to crucially increase the number of key authorities using homomorphic encryption. The proposed approach ensures genuine access to the verified entity by forming a subsystem of t key authorities from a total of n authorities (t<n). This creates rigorous challenge to a malicious attacker, obfuscating the selection and functioning of key access packets in a multi-key authority setup. The results of the proposed approach achieve medical data confidentiality, entity authentication, and strategic data sharing. The security of the proposed approach is assessed for different vulnerabilities of the overall system using a challenge–response game model. Moreover, the proposed approach is found to be better and secure as compared to existing schemes.

Blockchain-Based Lightweight Message Authentication for Edge-Assisted Cross-Domain Industrial Internet of Things

In edge-assisted cross-domain Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), blockchain-based authentication is an effective way to build cross-domain trust and secure cross-domain data. However, existing authentication schemes still have serious challenges in terms of efficiency and security. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based lightweight message authentication scheme. First, to address efficiency challenges, we build a blockchain-enabled edge-assisted lightweight authentication framework. This framework uses edge servers to assist smart devices in achieving cross-domain authentication and effectively reduce redundant interactions between entities. Second, to resolve the security challenges, we design a lightweight message authentication algorithm for cross-domain IIoT. The algorithm guarantees message security with low computational overhead and is suitable for multi-receiver cross-domain IIoT. The security proof and analysis demonstrate that the proposed scheme is secure under the random oracle model and can resist various attacks. The performance evaluation shows that our proposed scheme is superior in terms of computation and communication overhead when compared with other related schemes.

An Exploratory Study of Fintech Security Concerns among its Users in Nigeria

The rapid growth of financial technology (Fintech) in Nigeria has revolutionized the way people conduct financial transactions. However, this technological advancement brings along a host of security concerns that impact users' trust and confidence in using Fintech platforms. This exploratory study aims to investigate the security concerns among Fintech users in Nigeria, shedding light on the underlying factors contributing to these concerns. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys to gather comprehensive data. The qualitative phase involves in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of Fintech users, exploring their perceptions, experiences, and concerns related to the security aspects of Fintech services. The quantitative phase consists of a survey administered to a larger sample, aiming to quantify the prevalence and intensity of security concerns among Fintech users in Nigeria. The results highlighted the importance of addressing data breaches, privacy concerns, and authentication methods to alleviate user apprehensions. Participants expressed a desire for more transparency regarding the security practices of Fintech providers through improved communication and education to enhance user awareness and understanding of the security measures in place. This corroborates the notion that users' trust in Fintech services is depends on their perception of the security measures implemented by providers. The study's contribute to the existing literature on Fintech security, providing an in-depth understanding of the specific security concerns faced by Nigerian users, and identify potential strategies to enhance the security measures and alleviate users' concerns, which will ultimately foster greater adoption and utilization of Fintech services. Keywords: Fintech, financial services, security concerns, privacy, data breaches

Expressway Vehicle Arrival Time Estimation Algorithm Based on Electronic Toll Collection Data

Precise travel time prediction benefits travelers and traffic managers by enabling anticipation of future roadway conditions, thus aiding in pre-trip planning and the development of traffic control strategies. This approach contributes to reducing travel time and alleviating traffic congestion issues. To achieve real-time state perception of vehicles on expressways, we propose an algorithm to estimate the arrival time of vehicles in the next segment using Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) data. Firstly, the characteristics of ETC data and GPS data are meticulously described. We devise algorithms for data cleaning and fusion, subsequently segmenting the vehicle journey into multiple sub-segments. In the following step, feature vectors are constructed from the fused data to detect service areas and analyze the expressway segment characteristics, vehicle traits, and the influence of service areas. Finally, an algorithm utilizing LightGBM is introduced for estimating the arrival time of vehicles at various segments, corroborated by empirical tests using authentic traffic data. The MAE of the algorithm is recorded as 20.1 s, with an RMSE of 32.6 s, affirming its efficacy. The method proposed in this paper can help optimize transportation systems for improving efficiency, alleviating congestion, reducing emissions, and enhancing safety.

Strengthening Spiritual Values through Environmental Physics Learning Assisted by Authentic Data Modelling and Visual Media

Strengthening Spiritual Values through Environmental Physics Learning Assisted by Authentic Data Modelling and Visual Media

Neural Networks within Generative AI: A Review from a Marketing Research Perspective

Focusing on the role of neural networks within Generative Artificial Intelligence, this paper reviews their operating principles, recent developments, and implications for research in the marketing discipline. Special emphasis is placed on generative networks that produce synthetic data with a high degree of similarity to original data – such as realistic images, textual, or audio content – thereby expanding the potential for applied marketing practices. Besides significant opportunities opened up by Generative Artificial Intelligence, the review also elaborates on challenges, including technical obstacles like achieving an adequate Nash equilibrium between competing network components, and application-related considerations such as finding reliable metrics to evaluate their business performance. Broader implications are also analysed from recent publications, including ethical dilemmas related to data authenticity. As a result, this study provides a distinct perspective within the intersecting fields of marketing and computer science in the discourse surrounding Generative Artificial Intelligence, underscoring the research innovations arising from neural network models.

Characterizing the fractional coherence vortices through the area of the intensity cross-correlation function

We have generated the fractional coherence vortices using the speckle patterns obtained from the scattering of the fractional vortex beams. In this study, we found the topological charge of the fractional vortex beam with a resolution of 0.01 using the area of the coherence function of scattered fractional optical vortex beams. We have also provided accuracy for the measurement of topological charges of fractional vortex beams using the studies of the area of the coherence function. Our experimental results are well matched with the theoretical results. These fractional coherence functions can be used to generate a security key for data authentication and data encryption. In addition, fractional vortex beams have multiple OAM modes and can be used to address the explosive growth in free-space optical communication.

The Use of Blockchain Technology in Public Health: Lessons Learned.

Blockchain is a new technology utilized to develop creative solutions in different industries, such as health care. Blockchain is a decentralized and distributed encrypted system made up of interconnected blocks containing transaction-related information that can be shared with network participants. A blockchain network is utilized in the healthcare industry to safeguard and share patient information among hospitals, pharmacies, and doctors' diagnostic labs. Blockchain applications can precisely identify serious and potentially harmful mistakes within the medical sector. The objective is to comprehensively explore the potential use, present implementations, challenges, and future possibilities of blockchain in health management systems, and to provide information to researchers, policymakers, and practitioners on how to utilize new technology to enhance data security, efficiency, decentralization of data, authenticity of data, transparency, and verifiability of data compared to conventional databases in health management systems. Key review findings for blockchain technology in public health surveillance might include enhanced data security and accessibility of data, data storage and sharing, ensuring tamper-proof records are accessed, empowering patients, and improving overall healthcare outcomes. Its immutability proves to be important for securing healthcare data. It offers a safeguard for health records and clinical trial outcomes and ensures compliance with regulatory standards. This evaluation focuses on how it has transformed data protection, improved workflows, and safe health information interchange. Despite obstacles, further study and standardization initiatives have the potential to transform health care and guarantee patient care that is resilient and trustworthy. In the present healthcare industry, blockchain technology plays an essential role in healthcare systems. It canlead to computerized processes for collecting and validating data, accurate information collected from multiple sources, anddata that are fixed, transparent to misuse, and secure, with a reduced risk of digital crimes. In addition, the study provides a detailed analysis of the potential applications for including the use of blockchain technology in transforming public health surveillance.

Enhancing Security, Transparency, and Efficiency of Blockchain Technology in Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution to address persistent challenges like lack of transparency, inefficient tracking, and counterfeiting issues in pharmaceutical supply chains. However, there are still limitations in integrating blockchain with existing legacy systems, lack of common standards, scalability concerns due to its decentralized architecture, and lack of regulatory clarity that need to be addressed before successful implementation in the pharmaceutical industry is feasible. This review explores the potential benefits and current use cases of blockchain in enabling drug traceability, establishing authenticity and integrity of data, facilitating smart contracts for seamless financial transactions, and optimizing overall supply chain operations. The current blockchain-based solutions employed by various stakeholders like drug manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, retailers, hospitals, and regulators across the different stages of the pharmaceutical value chain are reviewed in this article. Recent research efforts to mitigate the key challenges are discussed, including technical improvements in blockchain architecture for increased security and privacy, the use of permissioned blockchains, innovative consensus protocols to improve scalability, and growing regulatory guidance. The future outlook highlights the tremendous opportunities for blockchain to enable end-to-end visibility, accountability, automation, real-time monitoring and combating counterfeiting in pharmaceutical supply chains through collaborative efforts among stakeholders.

A Secure Certificate-Based Data Integrity Auditing Protocol with Cloud Service Providers

With the surge in cloud storage popularity, more individuals are choosing to store large amounts of data on remote cloud service providers (CSPs) to save local storage resources. However, users’ primary worries revolve around maintaining data integrity and authenticity. Consequently, several cloud auditing methods have emerged to address these concerns. Many of these approaches rely on traditional public-key cryptography systems or are grounded in identity-based cryptography systems or certificateless cryptography systems. However, they are vulnerable to the increased costs linked with certificate management, key escrow, or the significant expenses of establishing a secure channel, respectively. To counter these limitations, Li et al. introduced a certificate-based cloud auditing protocol (LZ22), notable for its minimal tag generation overhead. Nonetheless, this protocol exhibits certain security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we devise a counterfeiting technique that allows the CSP to produce a counterfeit data block with an identical tag to the original one. Our counterfeiting method boasts a 100% success rate ∀ data block and operates with exceptional efficiency. The counterfeiting process for a single block of 10 kB, 50 kB, and 100 kB takes a maximum of 0.08 s, 0.51 s, and 1.04 s, respectively. By substituting the exponential component of homomorphic verifiable tags (HVTs) with non-public random elements, we formulate a secure certificate-based cloud auditing protocol. In comparison to the LZ22 protocol, the average tag generation overhead of our proposed protocol is reduced by 6.80%, 13.78%, and 8.66% for data sizes of 10 kB, 50 kB, and 100 kB, respectively. However, the auditing overhead of our proposed protocol shows an increase. The average overhead rises by 3.05%, 0.17%, and 0.45% over the LZ22 protocol’s overhead for data sizes of 10 kB, 50 kB, and 100 kB, correspondingly.

‘Little Arabia’ on Buddhist land: Exploring the linguistic landscape of Bangkok’s ‘Soi Arab’ enclave

Abstract Never formally colonised by Western powers, Thailand is a rapidly developing nation in Southeast Asia. To outsiders, the assumption might be that Thailand is a homogenous Thai-speaking Buddhist country. However, such over-simplistic views ignore diversity and the existence of de facto multilingualism and multiculturalism on the ground. This linguistic landscape (LL) study explores a unique and sociolinguistically compelling area called ‘Little Arabia’ (Soi Arab) in the heart of Bangkok, where elements of both Islamic and Buddhist civilisations meet. The existence of this Middle Eastern enclave creates a sense of contrasts on linguistic, religious, and cultural levels. Because of globalisation and spurred by (medical and sex) tourism, this area boasts a number of halal restaurants, hotels, travel agencies, stores, pharmacies, and clinics. This gives rise to an interesting sociolinguistic ecology, featuring an ‘ethnic’ economy which caters to the needs of tourists and businessmen hailing from the Arab world. Drawing on authentic photographic data, this study explores how various linguistic practices give the area a unique identity. More specifically, we reveal how various languages (including Arabic, Thai, and English) are mobilised and combined in ways that illustrate translation practices evidenced within the enclave for particularised marketing, commercial, and communication purposes. Theoretically and conceptually, the term ‘machine-translated multilingualism’ is coined to capture the growing trend for businesses to resort to translation software for multilingual communication, which may result in non-standard translations and orthographic forms. This study contributes to a growing body of sociolinguistic research examining LLs in global cities and commercial hubs in the Global South, particularly those arising from ‘South-South’ population flows.

PENERAPAN ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD UNTUK SISTEM LOGIN DAN REGISTRASI PADA SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN (STUDI KASUS:TOKO ILHAM BANJAR)

Data security in sales information systems has become a critical priority in today's digital era. Ilham Banjar Store needs a system that can effectively protect user data, especially in login and registration features, which are vulnerable to security threats. The lack of encryption mechanisms in the current system results in user data, such as passwords, being transmitted in plaintext, increasing the risk of unauthorized access and data modification. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the security of the Ilham Banjar Store's sales information system by implementing the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 256-bit Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) method in the login and registration processes. The research method used is Research and Development (RD), consisting of stages such as literature review, needs analysis, system design, implementation, testing, evaluation, and analysis. The implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) involves the encryption processes of AddRoundKey, SubBytes, ShiftRows, and MixColumns, and the decryption processes are the inverse of these encryption steps. Testing includes measuring encryption and decryption times as well as verifying data integrity using HMAC (Hash-Based Message Authentication Code). The research results show that the performance testing indicates encryption and decryption times remain within acceptable limits, and the encrypted and decrypted data maintain their integrity. Thus, the new system meets both security and performance requirements.

'She Has The Heart!’ Communicative Strategies of the Linguistic Expressions of Illnesses in Jordanian Arabic and the Effect of Religion in Their Manifestation

This article explores how illnesses are linguistically expressed in Jordanian Arabic (JA). It also investigates the extent to which religion and social norms influence this expression. To this end, we collected authentic data from a number of interactions of JA speakers, particularly within interactive radio and TV programs addressing various life issues, where discussions about illness arise. A total of 834 linguistic expressions of illnesses were found and categorized according to the type of illnesses and the inflicted organ. Afterwards, we interviewed 13 participants to identify the major factors responsible for the use of the expressive strategies of illnesses in JA. Our results indicate that illnesses in JA are predominantly expressed by two distinct sets of expressive strategies: euphemistic expressive strategies (EESs) and non-euphemistic expressive strategies (NEESs). The former are used with cancer and mental health disorders and essentially include the replacement of the name of the illness with a religious expression or a conventional term. On the other hand, NEESs are used to express other illnesses (e.g., heart problems, diabetes, etc.). The effects of (folk) religious beliefs and social norms in determining the use of these expressive strategies are discussed. A number of implications for future research are highlighted.

Secure and Swift: A Proactive Approach to Defend Lightweight Key Exchange Mechanisms Against Replay, Masquerade, and Message Forgery Attacks in Cloud-IoT Communication

The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly advanced, making it feasible to connect numerous embedded devices to the internet for data sharing. Since the embedded devices have limited power, storage, and processing capacity, it is necessary to integrate embedded devices with a big resource pool, like the cloud. This technological integration is anticipated to bring about a remarkable expansion in the present and future exciting uses of IoT. Security concerns such as device data privacy and authentication are important ones in this regard. The goal of the current study is to develop a lightweight key establishment for safe mutual authentication system for cloud servers and the Internet of Things. Lightweight key establishment are used in our approach for authentication, while advanced encryption standard is used for confidentiality and integrity. The suggested plan achieves efficiency in performance analysis as well as security aspects including confidentiality, integrity, and authentication in security analysis. Proposed mechanism additionally, does an informal analysis and comparison of the security attributes, including replay attack, masquerade attack, message forgery attack.