Data Exchange Scheme Research Articles

FaDe: A Blockchain-Based Fair Data Exchange Scheme for Big Data Sharing

In the big data era, data are envisioned as critical resources with various values, e.g., business intelligence, management efficiency, and financial evaluations. Data sharing is always mandatory for value exchanges and profit promotion. Currently, certain big data markets have been created for facilitating data dissemination and coordinating data transaction, but we have to assume that such centralized management of data sharing must be trustworthy for data privacy and sharing fairness, which very likely imposes limitations such as joining admission, sharing efficiency, and extra costly commissions. To avoid these weaknesses, in this paper, we propose a blockchain-based fair data exchange scheme, called FaDe. FaDe can enable de-centralized data sharing in an autonomous manner, especially guaranteeing trade fairness, sharing efficiency, data privacy, and exchanging automation. A fairness protocol based on bit commitment is proposed. An algorithm based on blockchain script architecture for a smart contract, e.g., by a bitcoin virtual machine, is also proposed and implemented. Extensive analysis justifies that the proposed scheme can guarantee data exchanging without a trusted third party fairly, efficiently, and automatically.

An Instantaneous Event-Triggered Hz–Watt Control for Microgrids

This paper proposes a distributed control scheme to compensate for droop-induced frequency deviations in autonomous microgrids. In this scheme, no extra direct frequency control and proportional-integral compensation are employed to remove the frequency deviations; that is, the deviations are compensated instantaneously. To reduce the communication burden, the scheme is then equipped with a need-based (event-triggered) data exchange strategy. An event-triggering mechanism is introduced, which highly reduces the amount of communications in both transient and steady-state stages and ensures that the intervals between consecutive communication instants are positive (i.e., the system is Zeno-free). Stability and equilibrium analyses of the resultant system considering the whole system dynamics are provided, as well. Effectiveness of the proposed controller for different cases is verified by simulating a microgrid in MATLAB/SimPowerSystems software environment.

Design of Onboard Real-Time Networks Based on SDN Technology

Modern onboard equipment complexes (OEC) utilize AFDX and FC-AE-ASM-RT switched networks implementing a virtual link-based approach to real-time data transfer. The main drawback of these networks is their limited or absent support for dynamic reconfiguration of virtual links, which makes impossible the dynamical recomposition of OEC operation modes, particularly in case of multiple equipment failures. To remove these drawbacks, in this paper an approach is proposed to use software-defined networks (SDN) as onboard real-time networks. The proposed approach is based on implementation of a virtual link-based technology (similar to those used in AFDX and FC-AE-ASMRT) in an SDN supporting OpenFlow 1.3 protocol. The approach was implemented as a functional prototype and experimentally evaluated in a virtual network environment based on Ofsoftswitch13 software SDN switches and RUNOS controller. The experiments indicated that the proposed data exchange scheme allows the transfer of messages within the given limits on delay and jitter, and does not allow violation of constraints on a virtual link bandwidth. The experiments also confirmed that dynamic reconfiguration of virtual links in SDN does not interrupt the data transfer through unchanged virtual links. An important direction for future work is development of algorithms for dynamic creation of virtual link routes in course of OEC reconfiguration. The final goal of the work is to create an SDN-based network technology supporting both real-time data transfer and automatic network reconfiguration in case of OEC mode change, including parrying multiple failures.

Data Security Isolation and Exchange for Smart Grid

With the arrival of the big data era, data security is getting more and more important especially in many critical fields such as smart grid. At the same time of requiring strict data isolation, it also needs to exchange a lot of data between different security zones. How to implement the smooth data isolation and exchange becomes the focus of numerous data security researchers. Aiming at the data security requirement of smart grid, this paper designs a data security isolation and exchange scheme to ensure the data security in smart grid. The proposed scheme includes three modules: internal network host processing unit, data isolation and exchange unit and external network host processing unit, and provides four functions: user identity authentication, data access control, protocol stack parsing and SQL statement filtering. The implement details of four functions are elaborated. The data security isolation and exchange scheme provide a very useful means to enhance the data security of smart grid.

A Coalitional Game-Theoretic Framework for Cooperative Data Exchange Using Instantly Decodable Network Coding

This paper investigates the cooperative data exchange (CDE) scheme using the instantly decodable network coding across energy-constrained devices over the wireless channels. In fact, enabling the CDE brings several challenges, such as how to extend the network lifetime and how to reduce the number of transmissions in order to satisfy the urgent delay requirements. The problem is modeled using the cooperative game theory in partition form. Unlike most existing studies, which are only delay-sensitive, we take into account both the completion time and the consumed energy. We propose a distributed merge-and-split algorithm to allow the wireless nodes to self-organize into the independent disjoint coalitions in a distributed manner. Indeed, the proposed algorithm guarantees reduced energy consumption and minimizes the delay in the resulting clustered network structure. Note that we have considered not only the transmission energy but also the computational energy consumption. Moreover, we focus on the mobility issue and we analyze how, in the proposed framework, the nodes can adapt to the dynamics of the network. Such an important result offers insights into how to design the scalable energy and delay aware CDE framework. The simulation results validate the proposed framework and show that, interestingly, the nodes reduce both the energy consumption and the completion time.

Parallel Algorithms of Multi-relaxation-time Lattice Boltzmann Method

The lattice Boltzmann method has become an attractive and promising approach in computational fluid dynamics. In this paper, the D3Q19 multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method is employed to simulate complex fluid flow and its parallel algorithm is presented including Cartesian grid generation, domain decomposition method, and data exchange strategy on clusters. Considering load balancing on large scale cluster, details of domain decomposition method are presented. The numerical results show that the presented algorithm have considerable scalability on 2048 cores and the efficiency can achieve 92.01%.

Designing an Android-Based Application for Geohazard Reduction Using Citizen-Based Crowdsourcing Data

Application development based on mobile platform is regarded as one of the major trends in information communication technology. However, only a few cases of mobile application are available for geohazard reduction using citizen-based crowdsourcing data. With the development of geohazard informatization and the rapid progress of mobile technology, the design and implementation of phone-based applications that could be used to monitor and prevent geohazards have been received increasing attention. Aiming at minimizing the threat of geohazards to people’s lives and assets, this paper presents an android-based application named Geohazards Group Measurement and Guards against System (GGMGAS). Local villagers use the GGMGAS to collect field data, including photos and videos, and transmit them to a database server. Therefore, the efficiency and stability of the data exchange between the mobile phone and the database server is very important. A design method and system solution of a data-exchange scheme was designed based on the WebService technology. Through trial operation, it has been found out that this data-exchange scheme could greatly improve the communication efficiency and the stability of collected field data. Practice has proved that this method based on citizens’ crowdsourcing data can effectively reduce the losses caused by geohazards.

Efficient Transmission in Multiantenna Two-Way AF Relaying Networks

In this paper, an efficient transmission scheme, termed the joint antenna selection and data exchange (AS-DE) scheme, is proposed for a two-way amplify-and-forward relaying network, where two single-antenna source terminals exchange information via a multiantenna relay station. For the proposed scheme, the best antenna at the relay for each source terminal is first selected separately, following the max–max scheme. Then, from the set of the previously selected antennas, either one antenna is selected, in a similar fashion as well-known max–min and max–sum schemes, or two antennas exchange their respective received signals, which are then coded, amplified, and broadcasted to the source and destination terminals. Tight lower and upper bounds on the outage probability (OP) for the proposed scheme have been derived assuming independent and identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that the proposed joint AS-DE scheme can achieve full diversity. Finally, it is shown that under the same resource constraints, i.e., in terms of the number of the utilized time slots and transmit power, the proposed joint AS-DE scheme outperforms the max–min, the max–sum, and the max–max schemes. Extensive numerical results accompanied with computer simulations, are further provided to validate the developed analytical results.

Data Transfer Schemes in Rotorcraft Fluid-Structure Interaction Predictions

For a CFD (computation fluid dynamics)/CSD (computational structural dynamics) coupling, appropriate data exchange strategy is required for the successful operation of the coupling computation, due to fundamental differences between CFD and CSD analyses. This study aims at evaluating various data transfer schemes of a loose CFD/CSD coupling algorithm to validate the higher harmonic control aeroacoustic rotor test (HART) data in descending flight. Three different data transfer methods in relation to the time domain airloads are considered. The first (method 1) uses random data selection matched with the timewise resolution of the CSD analysis whereas the last (method 2) adopts a harmonic filter to the original signals in CFD and CSD analyses. The second (method 3) is a mixture of the two methods. All methods lead to convergent solutions after a few cycles of coupling iterations are marched. The final converged solutions for each of the data transfer methods are correlated with the measured HART data. It is found that both method 1 and method 2 exhibit nearly identical results on airloads and blade motions leading to excellent correlations with the measured data while the agreement is less satisfactory with method 3. The reason of the discrepancy is identified and discussed illustrating CFD-/CSD-coupled aeromechanics predictions.

An Efficient Three-Party Authentication Scheme for Data Exchange in Medical Environment

Compared with traditional paper medical records, electronic medical records have many advantages such as easy transmission, high efficiency, better accuracy, and easier storage. The further development and penetration of electronic medical records will raise increasingly critical transmitted-data accuracy and security issues. Previous studies have proposed a verifier-based three-party authentication scheme and to provide high efficiency and security, with low computation and transmission costs. However, this protocol fails to achieve anonymity, is vulnerable to tracking attacks, and is inefficient. In this paper, we propose a new authentication scheme which provides patient anonymity and resistance to tracking attacks, while reducing computation and communication costs. The proposed system is easier to implement and is more suitable for use in remote electronic medical record exchange systems.

A Secure Three Party Node Authentication and Key Establishment Scheme for the Internet of Things Environment

Secure three party node authentication and key establishment scheme for data exchange in the Internet of Things (IoT) applications enables two resourceconstrained nodes to establish a secure end-to-end communication channel with the help of a data server. Since node in IoT have constraints on resources such as power, memory space and computation ability. Thus may existing key establishment schemes are unable to run IoT applications and many researchers are already working on how to integrate new techniques and efficient approaches into the IoT environment. Recently, Nasiraee and Mohasefi proposed a highly efficient and novel key establishment scheme for Internet-Enable Sensor Networks (IESN) which was adapted to the IoT notion. Nasiraee-Mohasefi’s scheme presented a novel approach where a new node that joins the IoT network is responsible to aggregate interested neighbors’ information and to send a request to the trusted server to get required pairwise session keys. However, we found that Nasiraee- Mohasefi’s scheme has some security and efficiency shortcomings and this paper focuses on preventing the above-mentioned weaknesses of Nasiraee-Mohasefi’s scheme by proposing an improved three party node authentication and key establishment scheme. The results of security proof by BAN logic analysis confirms the proposed scheme provides a considerable gains in power saving while its security properties are ensured for the Internet of Things environment.

Novel Networked Remote Laboratory Architecture for Open Connectivity Based on PLC-OPC-LabVIEW-EJS Integration. Application in Remote Fuzzy Control and Sensors Data Acquisition.

In this paper the design and implementation of a network for integrating Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), the Object-Linking and Embedding for Process Control protocol (OPC) and the open-source Easy Java Simulations (EJS) package is presented. A LabVIEW interface and the Java-Internet-LabVIEW (JIL) server complete the scheme for data exchange. This configuration allows the user to remotely interact with the PLC. Such integration can be considered a novelty in scientific literature for remote control and sensor data acquisition of industrial plants. An experimental application devoted to remote laboratories is developed to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of the proposed approach. The experiment to be conducted is the parameterization and supervision of a fuzzy controller of a DC servomotor. The graphical user interface has been developed with EJS and the fuzzy control is carried out by our own PLC. In fact, the distinctive features of the proposed novel network application are the integration of the OPC protocol to share information with the PLC and the application under control. The user can perform the tuning of the controller parameters online and observe in real time the effect on the servomotor behavior. The target group is engineering remote users, specifically in control- and automation-related tasks. The proposed architecture system is described and experimental results are presented.

Cryptography-based secure data storage and sharing using HEVC and public clouds

Mobile devices are widely used for uploading/downloading media files such as audio, video and images to/from the remote servers. These devices have limited resources and are required to offload resource-consuming media processing tasks to the clouds for further processing. Migration of these tasks means that the media services provided by the clouds need to be authentic and trusted by the mobile users. The existing schemes for secure exchange of media files between the mobile devices and the clouds have limitations in terms of memory support, processing load, battery power, and data size. These schemes lack the support for large-sized video files and are not suitable for resource-constrained mobile devices. This paper proposes a secure, lightweight, robust, and efficient scheme for data exchange between the mobile users and the media clouds. The proposed scheme considers High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Intra-encoded video streams in unsliced mode as a source for data hiding. Our proposed scheme aims to support real-time processing with power-saving constraint in mind. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is used as a base encryption technique by our proposed scheme. The simulation results clearly show that the proposed scheme outperforms AES-256 by decreasing the processing time up to 4.76% and increasing the data size up to 0.72% approximately. The proposed scheme can readily be applied to real-time cloud media streaming.

Pump-phase-noise-free optical wavelength data exchange between QAM signals with 50-GHz channel-spacing using coherent DFB pump.

An important challenge for implementing optical signal processing functions such as wavelength conversion or wavelength data exchange (WDE) is to avoid the introduction of linear and nonlinear phase noise in the subsystem. This is particularly important for phase noise sensitive, high-order quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an optical data exchange scheme through cascaded 2nd-order nonlinearities in periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides using coherent pumping. The proposed coherent pumping scheme enables noise from the coherent pumps to be cancelled out in the swapped data after WDE, even with broad linewidth distributed feedback (DFB) pump lasers. Hence, this scheme allows phase noise tolerant processing functions, enabling the low-cost implementation of WDE for high-order QAM signals. We experimentally demonstrate WDEs between 10-Gbaud 4QAM (4QAM) signal and 12.5-Gbaud 4QAM (16QAM) signal with 3.5-MHz linewidth DFB pump lasers and 50-GHz channel spacing. Error-free operation is observed for the swapped QAM signals with coherent DFB pumping whilst use of free-running DFB pumps leads to visible error floors and unrecoverable phase errors. The phase noise cancellation in the coherent pump scheme is further confirmed by study of the recovered carrier phase of the converted signals. In addition to pump phase noise, the influence of crosstalk caused by the finite extinction ratio in WDE is also experimentally investigated for the swapped QAM signals.

SBVLC: Secure Barcode-Based Visible Light Communication for Smartphones

2D barcodes have enjoyed a significant penetration rate in mobile applications. This is largely due to the extremely low barrier to adoption—almost every camera-enabled smartphone can scan 2D barcodes. As an alternative to NFC technology, 2D barcodes have been increasingly used for security-sensitive mobile applications including mobile payments and personal identification. However, the security of barcode-based communication in mobile applications has not been systematically studied. Due to the visual nature, 2D barcodes are subject to eavesdropping when they are displayed on the smartphone screens. On the other hand, the fundamental design principles of 2D barcodes make it difficult to add security features. In this paper, we propose SBVLC—a secure system for barcode-based visible light communication (VLC) between smartphones. We formally analyze the security of SBVLC based on geometric models and propose physical security enhancement mechanisms for barcode communication by manipulating screen view angles and leveraging user-induced motions. We then develop three secure data exchange schemes that encode information in barcode streams. These schemes are useful in many security-sensitive mobile applications including private information sharing, secure device pairing, and contactless payment. SBVLC is evaluated through extensive experiments on both Android and iOS smartphones.

Cooperative Surface/Underwater Navigation for AUV Path following missions

Abstract: The paper presents acoustic navigation aiding and path following results from demonstration experiments in Lisbon, Portugal. The demonstration was carried out as part of the second year CADDY Review Meeting. The paper presents the concept of the underwater leader, which entails an underwater vehicle, performing a desired task, and a surface vehicle maintaining relative position to improve navigation aiding through acoustics. The surface controller, utilizing the artificial potential field method, is proposed as an alternative to classical tracking and positioning controllers. Even in presence of multiple agents, the controller offers a more relaxed tracking and positioning algorithm for autonomous vehicles. The acoustic data-exchange scheme, required to achieve situation awareness of all agents, is described to specify cycle times and delays that have to be taken into account during state estimation. Finally, results from public demonstrations are presented and analyzed both from the surface and underwater perspectives.

An automated system for remote energy monitoring of mobile objects with electric drives

An approach to automation of remote energy monitoring of a mobile object with an electric drive is suggested. The approach is focused on solving the problem of generating statistics using analysis of energy consumption profiles. Structural solutions to arranging a system providing collection, transmission, and processing of measuring information from mobile object energy customers are considered. Based on the mixed implementation, a scheme of the measuring unit including a set of temperature, voltage, current, and speed sensors is developed. A data exchange scheme corresponding to the upper level of energy monitoring automation is developed. The control level in the scheme is established by JEVis local and global information systems with an open source. It is proposed to use a VIDA44M module remote telemetry and control line as a controller to collect data. The modules of the energy monitoring system can be supported by one server or distributed among several ones forming a cloud server. The data collection controllers communicate wirelessly with the server. The main calculation parameters of mobile object power supply, as well as the results of energy profile processing using hardware-in-the-loop simulations of the static and dynamic electric drive load, are considered. Based on the graphic profiles obtained by automated energy monitoring, one can assess the energy consumption of mobile objects, including public transport vehicles in a specific form, compare flow rates between similar objects, reveal faults or improper adjustment of the equipment, rank objects in power consumption, work out solutions to replace inefficient parts and mechanisms, predict power consumption, etc. As a result, power supply indices can be calculated and energy efficiency can be estimated; in addition, as energy audit of a transport company can be carried out and management decisions concerning energy efficiency can be suggested.

Coded Cooperative Data Exchange Problem for General Topologies

We consider the coded cooperative data exchange problem for general graphs, both undirected and directed. In this problem, given a graph $G=(V,E)$ representing clients in a broadcast network, each of which initially hold a (not necessarily disjoint) set of information packets; one wishes to design a communication scheme in which eventually all clients will hold all the packets of the network. Communication is performed in rounds, where in each round a single client broadcasts a single (possibly encoded) information packet to its neighbors in $G$ . The objective is to design a broadcast scheme that satisfies all clients with the minimum number of broadcast rounds. The coded cooperative data exchange problem has seen significant research over the last few years; mostly when the graph $G$ is the complete broadcast graph in which each client is adjacent to all other clients in the network, but also on general topologies, both in the fractional and integral setting. In this paper, we focus on the integral setting in general topologies $G$ , both undirected and directed. For undirected graphs, we tie the coded cooperative data exchange problem on $G$ to variants of the dominating set problem and in such show that solving the problem exactly or even approximately within a multiplicative factor of $\log {|V|}$ is intractable (i.e., NP-hard). We then turn to study efficient data exchange schemes for undirected topologies yielding a number of communication rounds comparable with our intractability result. Last, we tie the coded cooperative data exchange problem for directed topologies to the directed Steiner tree problem, yielding efficient data exchange approximation schemes. Our communication schemes do not involve encoding, and in such yield bounds on the coding advantage in the setting at hand.

Verifier-based three-party authentication schemes using extended chaotic maps for data exchange in telecare medicine information systems

Telecare medicine information systems provide a communicating platform for accessing remote medical resources through public networks, and help health care workers and medical personnel to rapidly making correct clinical decisions and treatments. An authentication scheme for data exchange in telecare medicine information systems enables legal users in hospitals and medical institutes to establish a secure channel and exchange electronic medical records or electronic health records securely and efficiently. This investigation develops an efficient and secure verified-based three-party authentication scheme by using extended chaotic maps for data exchange in telecare medicine information systems. The proposed scheme does not require server's public keys and avoids time-consuming modular exponential computations and scalar multiplications on elliptic curve used in previous related approaches. Additionally, the proposed scheme is proven secure in the random oracle model, and realizes the lower bounds of messages and rounds in communications. Compared to related verified-based approaches, the proposed scheme not only possesses higher security, but also has lower computational cost and fewer transmissions.

Secure Verifier-Based Three-Party Authentication Schemes without Server Public Keys for Data Exchange in Telecare Medicine Information Systems

Secure verified-based three-party authentication scheme for data exchange in telecare medicine information systems enables two users only store their verifiers computed from their actual password in authentication server's database. Then the authentication server can verify the users' verifiers and help them to exchange electronic medical records or electronic health records securely and conveniently. This investigation presents an efficient and secure verified-based three-party authentication scheme for data exchange in telecare medicine information systems. The proposed scheme does not use server's public keys and includes the key confirmation without extra numbers of messages and rounds. Compared to related verified-based approaches, the proposed scheme possesses higher security, has lower computational cost and fewer transmissions, and thus is suitable for the telecare medicine information systems.