Data Encryption Techniques Research Articles

EnBloAES: A Unified Framework to Preserve Confidentiality of Data in Public Cloud Storage

Objective: Cloud storage reduces the cost of IT infrastructure for businesses by sharing resources through internet. However, data stored on cloud has security issues and vulnerable to attacks by malicious hackers. The main objective of this paper is to propose a framework to address issues and attacks which compromise the confidentiality of outsourced data. Methods: The significant factor to ensure data security is confidentiality. Data partitioning, shuffling and encryption techniques are taken in this study to preserve confidentiality. Specifically blowfish and AES encryption techniques are modified to have better performance in terms of encryption time, decryption time, overall processing time, throughput and the degree of security. Findings: In the proposed framework, the data is split into multiple chunks and the chunks of data are shuffled. Then the shuffled chunks are encrypted using a hybrid technique which comprises of Enhanced Blowfish (EnBlo) and Enhanced Advanced Encryption Standard (EnAES) in order to provide data confidentiality. It further proposes an efficient retrieval scheme by appropriate decryption and a system to rearrange data chunks in order to get the original data at the client side. Conclusion: This research concludes, the EnBloAES provides extensive data security and adept at retrieval scheme by incorporating data confidentiality.

Selective Encryption Scheme for Vector Map Data using Chaotic Map

With the rapid interest in Geographic Information System (GIS) contents, a large volume of valuable GIS dataset has been distributed illegally by pirates, hackers, or unauthorized users. Therefore the problem focus on how to protect the copyright of GIS vector map data for storage and transmission. But GIS vector map data is very large and current data encryption techniques often encrypt all components of data. That means we have encrypted large amount of data lead to the long encrypting time and high complexity computation. This paper presents the selective encryption scheme using hybrid transform for GIS vector map data protection to store, transmit or distribute to authorized users. In proposed scheme, polylines and polygons in vector map are targets of selective encryption. We select the significant objects in polyline/polygon layer, and then they are encrypted by the key sets generated by using Chaotic map before changing them in DWT, DFT domain. Experimental results verified the proposed algorithm effectively and error in decryption is approximately zero.

AN IMPROVED GEO-ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM IN LOCATION BASED SERVICES

Wireless technology is used in many applications with location based data encryption techniques to secure the communication. The use of knowledge of the mobile user's location called Geo-encryption, produces more secure systems that can be used in different mobile applications. Location Based Data Encryption Methods (LBDEM) is a technique used to enhance the security of such applications called as Location Based Services (LBS). It collects position, time, latitude coordinates and longitude coordinates of mobile nodes and uses for the encryption and decryption process. Geo-encryption plays an important role to raise the security of LBS. Different Geo-protocols have been developed in the same area to add security with better throughput. The Advanced Encryption Standard in Geo-encryption with Dynamic Tolerance Distance (AES-GEDTD) is an approach which gives higher security with a great throughput. This approach mainly uses the AES algorithm, symmetric key encryption algorithm. But applying this algorithm to more complex data like images, videos, etc. like in Digital Film Distribution, we might face the problem of computational overhead. To overcome this problem, we analyze AES and modify it, to reduce the computational overhead. In the modified AES algorithm (M-AES), we omit the calculation of mix column operations and hence the M-AES-GEDTD is a fast and lightweight algorithm for multimedia data.

Crypto-Compression System: An Integrated Approach using Stream Cipher Cryptography and Entropy Encoding

s faced in modern communications are not only just related to security but also concerned with the communication speed and content size.Now day's networks demand exchange of information with more security and reduction in both -data storage and the time for data transmission. This can be realized by adopting an integrated approach usingcompression and encryption techniques, such a system is termed as crypto- compression system. Encryption is a coding technique that provides security whereas data compression is also a coding technique, whose purpose is to reduce both the data storage size and ultimately the time for data transmission. In this paper, an algorithm has been proposed which uses the compression and data encryption techniques. Firstly, data size is reduced through various compression techniques in order to increase the data transfer rate. Then the compressed data is encrypted to raise its security. Thus, technique proposed in this paper is useful in reducing data size, raising data transfer rate and providing security during communication. In this proposed system, encoded string is created from an input string of symbols and characters based on entropy encoding technique like arithmetic coding that can be used to achieve high level of compression in the present network topologies for exchange of data with more security and compression. Keywordscoding, one-time pads, stream cipher cryptography, entropy encoding, crypto-compression system

Applied Cryptography Using Chaos Function for Fast Digital Logic-Based Systems in Ubiquitous Computing

Recently, chaotic dynamics-based data encryption techniques for wired and wireless networks have become a topic of active research in computer science and network security such as robotic systems, encryption, and communication. The main aim of deploying a chaos-based cryptosystem is to provide encryption with several advantages over traditional encryption algorithms such as high security, speed, and reasonable computational overheads and computational power requirements. These challenges have motivated researchers to explore novel chaos-based data encryption techniques with digital logics dealing with hiding information for fast secure communication networks. This work provides an overview of how traditional data encryption techniques are revised and improved to achieve good performance in a secure communication network environment. A comprehensive survey of existing chaos-based data encryption techniques and their application areas are presented. The comparative tables can be used as a guideline to select an encryption technique suitable for the application at hand. Based on the limitations of the existing techniques, an adaptive chaos based data encryption framework of secure communication for future research is proposed

English

This paper presents analysis of network data encryption and decryption techniques used in communication systems. In network communication systems, exchange of information mostly occurs on networked computers, mobile phones and other internet based electronic gadgets. Unsecured data that travels through different networks are open to many types of attack and can be read, altered or forged by anyone who has access to that data. To prevent such an attack, data encryption and decryption technique is employed. In order to visualize the effect and evaluate the performance of the encryption and decryption of each technique used in communication systems, Visual Basic simulation program that encrypt and decrypt data were developed, written and tested. Different data block sizes were captured and plotted against total time response taken during data encryption using Microsoft Excel. The graph result shows the superiority of RSA and AES algorithms over other algorithms in terms of the processing speed and time. DES has worm holes in its security mechanism whereas Blowfish, AES, and RSA do not have any. Further analysis was made based on the graph result obtained on each data encryption techniques

Analysis of the Security Mechanism of Android and Countermeasures

Now, as the security threats for the Android phone increasing, the security problem about the smart mobile-phone has become a focus of the topic. In this paper, we take the security problems on Android operating system as the study object .Our contribution in this paper is two-fold. First, SQLite database is the mainly way for data storage on Android, but no security mechanism was provided in SQLite, we implement data encryption technique refer to the common database security mechanism. Second, in order to solve the security threats existing in the traditional phone, we also give a design and implementation of multi-function mobile phone firewall.

Efficient and provably-secure certificateless proxy re-encryption scheme for secure cloud data sharing

In current cloud computing system, large amounts of sensitive data are shared to other cloud users. To keep these data confidentiality, data owners should encrypt their data before outsourcing. We choose proxy reencryption (PRE) as the cloud data encryption technique. In a PRE system, a semi-trusted proxy can transform a ciphertext under one public key into a ciphertext of the same message under another public key, but the proxy cannot gain any information about the message. In this paper, we propose a certificateless PRE (CL-PRE) scheme without pairings. The security of the proposed scheme can be proved to be equivalent to the computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) problem in the random oracle model. Compared with other existing CL-PRE schemes, our scheme requires less computation cost and is significantly more efficient. The new scheme does not need the public key certificates to guarantee validity of public keys and solves the key escrow problem in identity-based public key cryptography.

Selective Encryption Algorithm Based on DCT for GIS Vector Map

With the rapid interest in Geographic Information System (GIS) contents, a large volume of valuable GIS dataset has been distributed illegally by pirates, hackers, or unauthorized users. Therefore the problem focus on how to protect the copyright of GIS vector map data for storage and transmission. At this point, GIS security techniques focusing on secure network and data encryption have been studied and developed to solve the copyright protection and illegal copy prevention for GIS digital map. But GIS vector map data is very large and current data encryption techniques often encrypt all components of data. That means we have encrypted large amount of data lead to the long encrypting time and high complexity computation. This paper presents a novel selective encryption scheme for GIS vector map data protection to store, transmit or distribute to authorized users using K-means algorithm. The proposed algorithm only encrypts a small part of data based on properties of polylines and polygons in GIS vector map but it can change whole data of GIS vector map. Experimental results verified the proposed algorithm effectively and error in decryption is approximately zero.

Image Encryption using pseudo random permutation

Data encryption is to conceal the information content of secret data. It is different from data hiding where the objective is to conceal the existence of secret data. A reversible data encryption technique can extract intended information content from the encrypted data without any loss of information. The decryption process should be done at legitimate or authentic receiver end. The encrypted data can be directly transmitted via communication channels because it completely lost its resemblance with the original information. Although it is theoretically possible to break such security, but it is not feasible by any known practical means and appear as a random-noise to non-intended recipients or adversaries. To incorporate second fold of security, a suitable data hiding method can be used to embed the encrypted data. This paper proposes a new visual data encryption method by shuffling pixel information randomly within the image. The reformation of image using proposed scheme completely looses the original characteristics. Our experimental results show the proposed method can achieve the claim.

디지털 워터마킹과 XML 데이터 암호화 기법을 적용한 중첩 블록 레이어 합성 기법 연구

Abstract Recently, as a result of contents sharing through Social Network Services (SNS), the research of immersive media which based on virtual reality and augmented reality technologies are actively in progress. However, augmented reality based Immersive media has problems of reducing realism owing to incongruous lighting environments and difficulties of protecting contents due to incompatible of DRM technology with contents and output video. Therefore, this paper had designed XML data encryption technique, compositing block layer which containing three dimension lighting environment information and overlapped layer based Immersive contents compositing module which applied digital watermarking skill into composited output video.

A Novel Encryption Scheme based on Piecewise Linear Chaotic Maps for Multimedia Data

recent years, many multimedia and image encryption techniques based on chaotic maps have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a novel multimedia data encryption technique called MDEA (Multimedia Data Encryption Algorithm). Proposed encryption scheme is based on two digital chaotic maps, which in turn are used to generate two different chaotic sequences. Detail description of the proposed encryption technique and performance analysis of MDEA on various parameters of security is given in later sections of this paper.

A FRAMEWORK ASSURING DECENTRALIZED ACCOUNTABILITY INTHE CLOUD

Cloud computing enables on-demand and convenient network access to a shared pool of resources. One of the major characteristics of theservices in thecloud leads to an important problem in the cloud computing scenario. That is, user’s data are processed on unknown remote servers which are not under the control of service owner. Multiple users want to do business of their data or application using cloud, but their fears of losing control over their data or application become an obstacle to the popularity of services of cloud. Data owners must get information that their data is not misused on the cloud. To address these problems, here proposes a decentralized framework to monitor the actual usage of the user’s data available on the cloud. The proposed framework in this work performs automated logging and distributed auditing of relevant access performed by other entity, occurred at any time, at any cloud provider. The service model considered in this work is software as a service. The methodology includes an object centered approach that uses programmable capabilities of JAR to create an object that contains service owner’s policies and data. When the data are accessed by any external entity, logging mechanism is triggered automatically at that moment itself. Automatic JAR checking is also done to verify the trustworthiness of the cloud server. Data encryption technique, policy checking and technique to prevent modification of JAR are the important features of this framework.

Genetically derived secure cluster‐based data aggregation in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the current cluster-based data aggregation technique consumes more energy. Also the secured data transmission are vital for enhancing the data authentication and confidentiality. In order to overcome these issues, in this study, the authors propose a genetically derived secure cluster-based data aggregation in WSN. Initially the cluster heads are selected based on the node connectivity, which acts as a data aggregator. Then, the clustering process is executed using the genetic algorithm. When a cluster member wants to transmit the data to aggregator, a data encryption technique are utilised that offers authenticity, confidentiality and integrity. By simulation results, the authors show that the proposed technique minimises the energy consumption, ensures data security and reduces the transmission overhead.

PUF 기반의 보안 USB 인증 및 키 관리 기법

Recently, a storage media is becoming smaller and storage capacity is also becoming larger than before. However, important data was leaked through a small storage media. To solve these serious problem, many security companies manufacture secure USBs with secure function, such as data encryption, user authentication, not copying data, and management system for secure USB, etc. But various attacks, such as extracting flash memory from USBs, password hacking or memory dump, and bypassing fingerprint authentication, have appeared. Therefore, security techniques related to secure USBs have to concern many threats for them. The basic components for a secure USB are secure authentication and data encryption techniques. Though existing secure USBs applied password based user authentication, it is necessary to develop more secure authentication because many threats have appeared. And encryption chipsets are used for data encryption however we also concern key

Using a cloud-centric middleware to enable mobile hosting of Web services: mHealth use case

The unceasing growth and divergence of the mobile landscape have led to the use of smartphone and tablet devices in consuming Web services (WS) in enterprises. However, in heterogeneous WS, the shift from the mobile client consumer approach to the mobile service hosting approach is insufficiently studied. With the advancement of storage and processing capabilities of these devices, coupled with the high availability of the Web, this research focuses on the use of the mobile devices as hosts of WS in a mHealth domain. In this paper, a cloud-centric middleware technique is employed to enable access to the mobile hosts. The paper presents mobile hosting of medical data which are modeled as light-weight WS which is deployed in a real-world system. Further, a workflow authorization model is proposed to ensure privacy and the prevention of unauthorized modification of data on the mobile hosts. A data encryption technique is also put forward to enforce security and privacy of the mobile hosted data. Our current implemented project, called SOPHRA, supports mobile communication over HTTP in a Wi-Fi environment.

Perceptual encryption with compression for secure vector map data processing

With the rapidly rising interest in geographic information system (GIS) contents, a large volume of valuable map data has been unlawfully distributed by pirates. Therefore, the secure storage and transmission of classified national digital map datasets have been increasingly threatened. As the importance of secure, large-volume map datasets has increased, vector map security techniques that focus on secure network and data encryption have been studied. These techniques are required to ensure access control and prevent illegal copying of digital maps. This paper presents perceptual encryption on the vector compression domain for copy protection and access control of vector maps. Our algorithm compresses all vector data of polylines and polygons by lossless minimum coding object (MCO) units and perceptually encrypts using two processes using the mean points and directions of MCOs. The first process changes the position of vector data by randomly permuting the mean points of MCOs, the so-called position encryption. The second process changes the geographic shape by circularly encrypting the directions of vertices in MCOs by the XOR operator. Experimental results have verified that our algorithm can encrypt GIS digital maps effectively and simply and can also improve the compression ratio, unlike general data encryption techniques, and thus, our algorithm is very effective for a large volume of GIS datasets.

GENERATION OF PRIME NUMBERS FROM ADVANCED SEQUENCE AND DECOMPOSITION METHODS

Abstract: The generation of prime numbers cause the use of data encryption techniques, as major primal is needed for the generation of pairs of keys. This paper proposes two prime number generation methods which are based on sequence of prime numbers and decomposition of a prime number”. In these proposed methods, co-prime and decomposition properties of prime number are used. By considering the co-prime property, any sequence of consecutive primes are coupled together to generate their co-prime numbers. Let n be a number which is co-prime with a sequence of m prime numbers, which can be expressed as:

Effective management of medical information through ROI-lossless fragile image watermarking technique

In this article, we have proposed a blind, fragile and Region of Interest (ROI) lossless medical image watermarking (MIW) technique, providing an all-in-one solution tool to various medical data distribution and management issues like security, content authentication, safe archiving, controlled access retrieval, and captioning. The proposed scheme combines lossless data compression and encryption technique to embed electronic health record (EHR)/DICOM metadata, image hash, indexing keyword, doctor identification code and tamper localization information in the medical images. Extensive experiments (both subjective and objective) were carried out to evaluate performance of the proposed MIW technique. The findings offer suggestive evidence that the proposed MIW scheme is an effective all-in-one solution tool to various issues of medical information management domain. Moreover, given its relative simplicity, the proposed scheme can be applied to the medical images to serve in many medical applications concerned with privacy protection, safety, and management.

CHAOTIC IMAGE ENCRYPTION USING-RC5

In order to protect valuable data from undesirable readers or against illegal reproduction and modifications, there have been various data encryption techniques. Many methods have been developed to perform image encryption. The use of chaotic map for image encryption is very effective, since it increase the security, due to its random behavior. The highly unpredictable and random-look nature of chaotic signals is the most attractive feature of deterministic chaotic systems that may lead to novel (engineering) applications. This paper introduces a new cascaded structure of chaotic encryption scheme with RC-5 algorithm. In this paper „Triple key‟ is used to encrypt and decrypt the data. Three different parameters which are decided by user are used to scramble the image data and so hackers get many difficulties to hack the data hence providing more security. Cascading RC-5 with triple key chaotic image encryption increases the security and the histogram can be made more uniform. For simulation MATLAB software is used. The experimental results shows that algorithm successfully perform the cryptography and highly sensitive to the small changes in key parameters.