Data Collection Tool Research Articles

Customer Relationship Practices through Processes Automation and Customer Satisfaction. Service Industry Experience

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to establish the effect of Customer Relationship Management practices through Process Automation and customer satisfaction at Koitaleel Samoei University College. Specifically, this study was anchored on the CRM practices through processes automation and how they influence customer satisfaction. The study was based on symbolic interaction theory which insisted on the codependence of individuals and ideologies and how customer satisfaction depends on the CRM practices. Customer relationship management theory, an accepted philosophy that is concerned with identifying, satisfying, retaining, partnering and maximizing the value of customers by effectively managing the relationship between parties. Methodology: Descriptive design was used in this study. Data was collected by use of questionnaires and interview schedule. Data was presented by use of charts and tables. The target population was 150 individuals within KSUC. Strata of fifty (50) individuals was sampled compromising of suppliers, management and staff. The tools of data collection helped in ensuring the validity and reliability of the data that was collected. Ethical standards were considered where seeking permission before data collection from individuals was sought and the respondent’s privacy was granted. Findings: The study found out that CRM is a critical component in customer satisfaction and therefore can be highly applied. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended provision of platforms for customers to leave reviews or even complaints and suggestions from their experience, Enhancement of Communication Channels and Implementation of clear and accessible communication channels for stakeholders to interact with the procurement department.

The Effect of Kinesio Tape Application on Clinical Parameters in Postmenopausal Women With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Background With rising life expectancy, women are expected to spend a third of their lives in the postmenopausal stage. Consequently, focusing research on postmenopausal women is considered crucial. Objective This study was conducted to determine the effects of kinesiotaping (KT) and sham KT applied with exercise programs on clinical parameters such as pain, sleep, and quality of life in postmenopausal women with chronic low back pain. Methods A randomized controlled experimental design, characteristic of quantitative research, was utilized. The subjects consisted of 60 postmenopausal women. The visual analog scale (VAS), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used as data collection tools. Results At the end of the eighth week, the mean VAS score of the experimental group was 6.7±1.0, the mean PSQI score was 5.16±1.82, and the mean RMDQ score was 8.83±2.19. In contrast, the mean VAS score of the control group was 7.2±1.5, the mean PSQI score was 6.26±1.74, and the mean RMDQ score was 10.83±3.01.At the end of the eighth week, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of VAS (p=0.128), but there was a significant difference in PSQI (p=0.020) and RMDQ (p=0.005) scales. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the combination of KT and exercise therapy had ameliorative effects on pain severity, dysfunction, and sleep quality in chronic low back pain experienced during the postmenopausal period.

Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction: The Case of Ethiopia Hotel, Addis Ababa

The research topic in this study was to investigate the link between service quality, customer expectations, customer complaints, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty in the Ethiopian hotel. The research method adopted for the study was explanatory, non-experimental quantitative research based on the convenient sampling technique that targeted 300 hotel customers in Ethiopia using both primary and secondary data collection tools. The findings revealed several key insights: Service quality with customer expectation was found to have a positive link with customer satisfaction while customer complaint also has a direct positive effect on customer satisfaction means complaints can provide a chance to improve customer satisfaction with the hotel. This research also reveals that there is no straight relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty this might be so because other factors than satisfaction such as brand image, customer perceived value, and engagement may play a vital role in this regard. The scholars suggest hotel managers practice customer-oriented strategies for the identification of effective complaint handling, Customer Perceived Value increase, Company Reputation improvement, and the acknowledgment of the factors that contribute to Customer Loyalty. The practical implications include developing a targeted strategy to improve customer experience and retention.

The Relationship between Reading Habits and Academic Achievement Motivation in Qazvin Dental Students in 2022-2023

Introduction: Improvement of students' academic performance is the main goal of educational centers because the academic performance of individuals is the basis of their success at every juncture. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between study habits and academic achievement motivation in Qazvin dental students in 2022-2023. Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical study that was performed on all dental students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tool was three questionnaires, the first part contained demographic and background information including age, sex, marital status, semester and second part contained the PSSHI study habits questionnaire which was developed by Palesani and Sharma and included 45 questions. The third part contains Hermens questionnaire to measure the motivation of academic achievement. The validity of the questionnaires was obtained using experts' opinions and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha test. The collected data were entered into SPSS software version 26, then using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and statistical analysis including independent t-test and ANOVA were analyzed. Results: The results of this study showed that the educational motivation of most students of Qazvin dental school was high which had no significant relationship with sex, age, marital status and term (p˃0.05). There was a significant relationship between academic motivation and study habits of students (p˂0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the study habits of Qazvin dental students are moderately desirable, so it seems that students are not familiar enough with learning facilities and study skills. Therefore to enhance the study skills of students, teaching Workshops will be included in the curriculum.

Factors influencing job performance of nurses in COVID-19 care: a study in Egypt.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an illness that has critical effects on public health and overall circumstances across the world. The performance of nurses represents the vital actions in providing care for COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to assess job performance and associated nurses, patients, and environmental-related factors among nurses providing care to COVID-19 patients in Egypt through the following: assessing the nurses' knowledge regarding care of COVID-19 patients; assessing the nurses' practice regarding care of COVID-19 patients; assessing different factors that affect different types of nurses' job performance; and assessing the factors associated with the job performance of nurses providing care to COVID-19 patients.Design A descriptive exploratory study was used to meet the aim of the study.Setting The study was conducted at Ain Shams University COVID-19 Hospital.Study subjects A convenient sample of all 52 available nurses working at Ain Shams University COVID-19 Hospital. Data collection tools: The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. It consisted of the following: A. Self-administered nurses' questionnaire: Part I: Demographic characteristics of nurses. Part II: Nurses knowledge assessment. Part III: Factors associated with nurses' job performance. B. Narses's practice observational checklist. Results: The mean age (mean ± SD) of the study population was 40.59 ± 6.90. As regards their years of experience working as nurses, only 32.7% of them have more than ten years of experience. In relation to the total satisfactory level of knowledge about coronavirus, the study reveals that 55.8% of the nurses have unsatisfactory knowledge regarding coronavirus, There is a highly significant relationship between level of practice and years of experience (p-value < 0.001**), while there is a significant relationship between level of practice and educational level and attending the training courses about caring for COVID-19 patients (P-value 0.033*, P-value 0.025*), respectively.Conclusion The study concluded that most of the studied nurses had unsatisfactory knowledge, and more than half had incompetent practice scores about nursing care practices for patients with COVID-19. There was a positive linear correlation between the nurses' knowledge and practice. The factors affecting their performance in caring for patients with COVID-19, lack of cooperation between nurses and patients, lack of supplies and equipment during care were the most frequently reported factors, as were an unequal nurse-patient ratio, many nursing tasks, and a lack of patients' knowledge.Recommendation The study recommends the importance of promoting the nursing care guidelines as a standard procedure in ICUs, and the nursing care guideline educational program for patients with COVID-19 should be scheduled regularly for nurses. Providing the hospitals with supplies to avoid the shortage's effect on nurses' performance.

Sex Workers’ Psychodynamics of Work

Objective: The research aims to analyze the contextual dimensions that permeate the experiences of sex workers in nightclubs through the lens of Psychodynamics of Work. Theoretical Framework: The choice of the Psychodynamics of Work aims to expand its application field by providing new insights into the relationship between the work context of sex workers and their health and/or illness perspectives. This approach views work as a central element in human life, recognizing its constitutive role in the identity of individuals, with a significant influence on their subjectivity. Method: This is a descriptive and qualitative research, the semi-structured interview was the chosen tool for data collection. The research field was the work context of female workers in nightclubs. The data were analyzed using Bardin’s Content Analysis, with a specific focus on the enunciation analysis technique. Results and Discussion: The results indicate variations in the quality of working conditions, work organization, and social relations within the work context of sex workers in nightclubs. Research Implications: It is crucial to address these issues and give visibility to this work context, promoting a better understanding of the experiences surrounding this labor activity. Originality/Value: This study also reinforces the connection between Business Administration and studies on human-work relationship in non-traditional sectors, demonstrating the potential of administrative science to broadly address issues of objectivity and subjectivity in work.

Investigating the Types and Reasons of Materials Adaptation in the Case of Primary Level EFL Teachers in Raprin Area/Kurdistan Region of Iraq

EFL teachers revert to adaptation as a strategy to promote and enhance students’ learningand meet their needs. A few reasons contribute to the adaptation process; the constraintsset by the curriculum, the EFL context, the classroom setting and teachers’ perception.The present study addresses EFL teachers’ adaptation types and reasons in Raparin Area/Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The aim of the study is to find out whether EFL teachers utilizeadaptation or not. To this end, the study used two tools of data collection which includeclassroom observation and a questionnaire. During the year 2021-2022, 82 EFL classroomsin Raparin Area were observed. Similarly, a 23 items questionnaire was designedto collect data which was filled out online via a Google form by 33 EFL teachers. Theanalysis of the data revealed teachers use different types of adaptation consciously andunconsciously, the adaptation is pre-planned and sometimes spontaneous. The results alsoshowed that the reasons for adaptation include the time constraints set by the curriculum,the large number of students in a classroom, the culturally inappropriate course-bookcontent and the national examinations. It is concluded that teachers need to be familiarizedwith how to adapt materials.

Community Nursing: A Time and Motion Study of Community Nurses' Work and Workload

ABSTRACTAimTo explore activities performed by community nurses in community health centre clinics and during home visits.DesignCross‐sectional, observational using time and motion technique. Data collected during lockdown in 2020.MethodsCommunity nurses' work in clinics and during home visits were observed and recorded. The purposefully designed data collection tool covered six categories (Administration, Communication, Direct care, Documentation, Indirect care and Other) and 35 activities relative to community nurses' work.ResultsEight hundred and ten complete timings were obtained. Community nurses' time was most often (86.5%) spent on Direct care, Communication, Documentation and Other activities. Patient education occurred more often in the home.ConclusionsThe type, frequency and time taken to complete community nursing activities provides insight into the community nurse role. Addressing inefficient practices such as documentation and travel could serve to improve workload.Reporting MethodAdheres to EQUATOR guideline STROBE for cross‐sectional studies.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.

Peran Lembaga Adat Tigo Luhah Semurup dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Warisan di Semurup

This research aims to describe the role of the Tigo Luhah Semurup Traditional Institution in resolving inherited land disputes in Semurup, as well as revealing the supporting and inhibiting factors of the Tigo Luhah Semurup Traditional Institution in resolving inherited land disputes in Semurup. The type of research used is qualitative research with descriptive methods. Determining research informants was carried out using a purposive sampling technique, namely informants were determined by researchers to obtain the required information, namely informants who were considered to know, understand and have experience related to this research. Data collection techniques and tools are carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation. The tools used were observation sheets, interview guides, and cameras. Testing the validity of the data uses source triangulation. Data analysis techniques are data collection, data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions.The results of the research show that the role of the Tigo Luhah Semurup traditional institution in resolving land disputes, it has been very good, this can be seen from the fact that almost all disputes resolved in traditional institutions have been successful, as for the role of the Tigo Luhah Semurup traditional institution as a mediator, facilitator and decision maker. Then there are several factors that hinder the Tigo Luhah Semurup traditional institution in carrying out its role, including; 1) Difficulty in calling/inviting disputing parties to deliberation, 2) Limited budget so that the customary justice process does not run optimally, 3) low commitment from members of traditional institutions in resolving disputes.. However, there are several supporting factors for the Tigo Luhah Semurup traditional institution in carrying out its role, including; 1) the presence of experts and intellectuals in the dispute resolution process, 2) good communication head of traditional institutions, 3) the existence of social legitimacy for the Tigo Luhah Semurup traditional institution.

The Role of the School’s Committee in Implementing P5 in the Era of Independent Learning

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the school committee and its contribution in improving the quality of education in the era of independent learning. This study was conducted at SMP Negeri West Jakarta Region 1. Interviews, observations, documentation, and literature reviews were the data collection tools used. This study is qualitative research with a descriptive analysis method. The data collection process was carried out through in-depth interviews and questioner. The technique of data analysis was classifying data based on the category, counting the frequency and percentage. This study found that the school committee, as part of the school element, is responsible for the smooth implementation of school programs in the current era of independent learning, the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5), building relationships with the school community, improving facilities and infrastructure, and encouraging improvements in the quality of school resources. Here, the result of the percentage of each the categories they are: an advisory agency (consideration) as much as 25%, a support agency (supporter) as much as 25%. a controlling agency (controller) as much as 23% and a mediator as much as 27%.

The Effect of Strategic Intelligence on Enhancing Customer Value: An Exploratory Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Employees at the State Company For Drug And Medical Supplies Manufacturing / Samarra - Iraq

The core objective of this research was to pinpoint the sources of strategic intelligence and their effect upon enhancing customer value, as well as to provide some suggestions that contribute to clarifying the effect between the research variables. Accordingly, the current problem was represented by the central question: (Is there a statistically significant effect of strategic intelligence on enhancing customer value?). To assess the opinions of the respondents, the research relied on the descriptive-analytical approach in dealing with the theoretical and field data of the studied company. Several research tools were used in the field aspect of the study to achieve the desired results, with the questionnaire being the main tool for data collection. A total of 130 forms were given to a random sample of employees in the studied company, of which 125 valid forms were returned for analysis, representing a rate of 96%. Several statistical methods and tools were used to handle the data, analyze the questionnaire items, and test its hypotheses based on the data processed through the (SPSS.V26) statistical program. The research concluded with several findings, including there is a statistically significant positive effect of strategic intelligence on enhancing customer value in the studied company.

Laparotomy Versus Laparoscopy Cholecystectomy for Surgical Treatment in Patients with Gallstone Disease: A Comparative Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Background: Due to the increasing costs of the healthcare system and limited financial resources, healthcare policymakers should adopt more cost-effective strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of laparotomy cholecystectomy with laparoscopy. Methods: This economic evaluation was conducted on patients with cholecystitis who were candidates for surgery in a private hospital in Ahvaz in 2021. Data collection tools consisted of four parts: (1) demographic information checklist; (2) clinical information checklist; (3) cost checklist; and (4) effectiveness assessment tool. SPSS22 and STATA14.2 were used for data analysis. One-way sensitivity analysis and Tornado diagrams were performed using Tree Age software. Results: The mean total effectiveness score in patients treated with laparoscopy was 83.44 (SD = 11.34), which was higher than those treated with laparotomy at 68.39 (SD = 13.61). This difference was statistically significant in all effectiveness criteria, except for postoperative infection rates and length of operation (P &lt; 0.001). The mean cost for patients undergoing laparoscopy was significantly higher than for those undergoing laparotomy ($481.43 vs. $459.49). However, overall, laparoscopic treatment (5.77) was more cost-effective than laparotomy (6.71). The laparoscopic procedure was approximately $1.47 per effectiveness unit cheaper than laparotomy, according to the ICER. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the laparoscopic method remained more cost-effective, even when adjusting for cost and effectiveness components. Conclusions: Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy was more expensive than laparotomy cholecystectomy, it was generally more cost- effective. The results of this research may assist Iran’s healthcare policymakers and managers in promoting laparoscopic cholecystectomy in hospitals.

Analysis of ESG Dimensions in Terms of Sustainable Competition in Companies: A Research on SMEs in Turkey

Objective: In this research, it was aimed to analyze ESG dimensions in terms of sustainable competition by using firm agility. Method: 524 SME managers selected by simple random sampling method were subjected to the survey. A survey form consisting of four stages: demographic information form, company information form, ESG scales and Company Agility Scale was used as a data collection tool in the research. Findings: There is a statistically significant and positive relationship between the governance dimension and flexible production and performance. There is a statistically significant and positive relationship between the social dimension and flexible production and performance. There is a statistically significant and positive relationship between the environmental dimension and flexible production and performance. The effects of flexible production and performance dimensions of firm agility on governance performance are statistically significant and positive. The effects of flexible production and performance dimensions of firm agility on social performance are statistically significant and positive. The effects of flexible production and performance dimensions of company agility on environmental performance are statistically significant and positive. Originality: The firm agility levels of companies, especially SMEs, and among the firm agility dimensions, the flexible production dimension is very important in terms of companies' competitive advantage and adaptation to the new and changing market structure. In this regard, companies having higher ESG values ​​may give them greater competitive advantage and power.

"Behavioural and metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among post-menopausal women: A cross-sectional study in Itahari sub-metropolitan city of Nepal".

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are main cause of mortality and morbidity among women globally. Menopause, aging and different factors in collaboration leads to increased risk for CVDs among postmenopausal women but study on risk factors of CVDs among postmenopausal women is limited in Nepal. Therefore, we aimed to assess prevalence of behavioural and metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease among post-menopausal women. Community based cross-sectional study was carried among 390 post-menopausal women of the Itahari sub-metropolitan city. Multistage simple random sampling technique was used to collect data. Modified semi structured questionnaire STEP I, STEP II and STEP III was used as data collection tool. SPSS version 11.5 used for data analysis. Chi-square test and logistic regressions were performed at 95% confidence interval to find predictors of raised blood pressure and overweight/obesity. The mean age of respondents was 63.37 years. The prevalence of current smokers, current alcohol use, less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day, low level of physical activity, overweight/obesity and raised blood pressure was 9.2%, 18.2%, 86.4%, 52.3%, 56.2% and 44.4% respectively. On multivariate analysis strong predictors of overweight obesity were age ≤59 years (AOR: 3.21, CI 1.49-6.89), poor economic status (AOR: 1.764, CI: 1.120-2.779) and low physical activity (AOR: 2.132, CI: 1.350-3.370). Predictors of raised blood pressure were age ≥75 years (AOR: 2.04, CI: 1.01-4.11), unmarried and widow (AOR: 1.815, CI: 1.108-2.971), higher economic status (AOR: 1.752, CI: 1.119-2.740) and smoking (AOR: 4.109, CI: 1.737-9.718). Prevalence of behavioural and metabolic risk factors among postmenopausal women in Itahari sub-metropolitan city were alarmingly high. This calls for an early need of intervention and policies at local, provincial and institutional level to address risk factors of CVDs.

Investigation of the sense of school belonging and sportspersonship behavior of students playing traditional children’s games

The purpose of this study is to examine the sense of school belonging and sportspersonship behaviors of students who participate in traditional children's games. The research was designed using a quasi-experimental model with a pre-test and post-test control group and was conducted over a period of 16 weeks. The study group consisted of a total of 1871 students, including 1379 middle school and 492 high school students, continuing their education in Eskil, Aksaray during the 2023–2024 academic year. The experimental group students participated in the games and inter-school tournaments within the scope of the “2nd I Live My Values with Traditional Games Project” No intervention was applied to the control group after the introduction of the games. The “School Belongingness Scale” and the “Physical Education Course Sportspersonship Behavior Scale” were used as data collection tools. For data analysis, MANOVA, paired samples t-test, and regression analysis were employed. The findings of the study indicated that both the experimental and control groups showed positive scores in pre-test and post-test measures of school belongingness and sportspersonship behaviors. However, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in their sense of school belonging and sportspersonship behaviors in favor of the post-test. While no significant change was observed in the control group's sense of school belonging, a decline was noted in their sportspersonship behaviors. The experimental group exhibited greater development in school belongingness and sportspersonship behaviors compared to the control group. Although middle school students showed improvements in their sense of school belonging, high school students experienced a more substantial emotional development. No significant differences were found in school belongingness and sportspersonship behaviors based on the students' gender. Sportspersonship behavior predicted school belongingness by 11%, suggesting that positive sportspersonship behaviors increased school attachment among children. In conclusion, it was determined that students participating in traditional children's games developed a more positive sense of school belonging and sportspersonship behaviors over time. Based on the positive outcomes of student participation in traditional games, it is recommended to promote these games, incorporate them into physical education classes, and increase participation in tournaments.

REVIEW OF BEGINNER-LEVEL GUITARS FROM A TECHNICAL, MUSICAL, AND STRUCTURAL POINT OF VIEW: THE CASE OF TURKEY

The demand caused by the decreasing number of tree species used in guitar production every day is being tried to be met with artificial materials in the 21st century. Guitars are produced mainly in countries where cheap labor and materials are sold at affordable prices, attracting much attention in Turkey and the rest of the world. This type of guitar, sold in some chain markets in Turkey several times a year, attracts the attention of those who mainly want to get a guitar education at the beginner level. This research aims to determine the technical, musical, and structural competence level of imported guitars used at the beginner level in Turkey. In the research conducted in the case study pattern, we studied five people who are experts in their field. "Guitar Technical and Musical Evaluation Form" and "Guitar Structural Evaluation Form" were used as data collection tools by expert opinions. The obtained data were analyzed with the appropriate computer program. The content analysis of the answers given to the open-ended questions was carried out. As a result of the research, it has been found that the guitars in question are regular in appearance, but they are technically and musically found to be incompetent. However, it has been found that the guitars are structurally proportional, but the wood quality needs to be improved. All experts have stated that these instruments have an intonation problem and are unsuitable for guitar education. As a result of the research, it is proposed to officially determine the standards of guitars and allow their import within the framework of these standards.

An approach for accurately extracting vehicle trajectory from aerial videos based on computer vision

Vehicle trajectory data holds valuable information for advanced driving development and traffic analysis. While unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) offer a broader perspective, the detection of small-scale vehicles in video frames still suffers from low accuracy or is even missed. This study proposes a comprehensive technical framework for accurate vehicle trajectory extraction, encompassing six main components: video stabilization, vehicle detection, vehicle tracking, lane marking detection, coordinate transformation, and data denoising. To mitigate video jitter, the SURF and FLANN stabilization algorithms are utilized. An enhanced detector based on You Only Look Once X (YOLOX) is employed for multi-target vehicle detection, incorporating a shallow feature extraction module within the detection head to improve the performance for low-level and small-scale features. Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) modules are integrated before the neck to further boost the expressiveness. Additionally, a sliding window inference method is applied at the input stage to prevent compression of high-resolution video frames. The Savitzky-Golay filter is used for trajectory noise reduction. Verification results demonstrate that the improved YOLOX achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 88.7 %, an enhancement of 5.6 % over the original model. When compared to advanced YOLOv7 and YOLOv8 models, the proposed method increases mAP@50 by 7.63 % and 1.07 %, respectively. The Mostly Tracked (MT) trajectories metric reaches 98.9 %, and the root-mean-square error of one-sided localization is approximately 0.05 m. These results confirm that the proposed framework is an effective tool for high-accuracy vehicle trajectory data collection in traffic studies. Additionally, a vehicle trajectory dataset has been developed and is publicly accessible at www.cqskyeyex.com.

Study of the application of UAV and LiDAR to topographic survey of mountainous forest areas – Case study of Win 3 Wind Power Plant Project, Huong Hoa District, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam

Abstract Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology in conjunction with aerial photography and aerial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) was used for topographic surveying of the Win 3 Wind Power Project area, a complex mountainous terrain situated in the Huong Hoa district of Quang Tri province, Vietnam with the primary objective to produce a map with a scale of 1:1,000 with a contour interval of 1.0 m, accompanied by 3D point clouds, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and an orthomosaic. Employing the UAV LiDAR system of DJI Matrice 300 RTK, we conduct ed survey flights, achieving a high point density laser scanning of 229 points/m2 and capturing ultra-high-resolution imagery at 4.22 cm/pixel. The integration of aerial LiDAR and photographic data results in a rich and detailed information repository regarding the surveyed terrain demonstrating that UAV LiDAR technology is a robust tool for geographic data collection, particularly in challenging terrain conditions in Vietnam. We also evaluated the accuracy of the created topographic map, achieving results that surpass the technical requirements and quality standards of the project. This underscores the potential and effectiveness of UAV LiDAR technology in the field of large-scale geographic data collection and mapping in Vietnam.

The Impact of Social Networking Sites on the Family Cohesion of Algerian Society: Risks and Pros

Objective: Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of SNS on family closeness in the Algerian culture while looking at the benefits in addition to the drawbacks of using the technology. Theoretical Framework: Applying Social Capital Theory, Family Systems Theory, and Uses and Gratifications Theory allows the research to explain the connection between SNS and family cohesion and give a coherent concept of how the media affects family bonds. Method: A cross-sectional survey and qualitative interviews were used as main data collection tools from the families of different SES in Algeria; social networking usage patterns were also quantitatively measured by coded questionnaires and a qualitative approach was employed to explore the family dynamics and modes of communication. Results &amp; Discussion: This study revealed bi-directional relationship between SNS and family connectedness ; and, the following are the majority observation : Nevertheless, some families had lesser amounts of direct confrontation and roadside fights. The findings are elaborated in regard to theoretical frameworks. Research Implications: This research emphasizes on family therapy, counseling and education, and use of internet by families. It prescribes SNS usage as a means for a healthy functioning of families. Originality/Value: This work aims at giving a cultural angle to the effects of social networking sites (SNS) on family integration in Algeria while serving to substantiate the prior research on digitisation counterpoint in the area of relationship communication.

Backward Design in Pre-Service Teacher Education to Enhance Curriculum Knowledge

This action research aimed to enhance the curriculum knowledge of 37 pre-service teachers in early-childhood education through backward design (BD) as an innovative framework. Participants enrolled in an online curriculum development course focusing on curriculum elements and underwent BD-based instruction for five weeks. Multiple data collection tools were employed, including pre- and post-achievement tests and curriculum literacy scales, digital learning journals, performance tasks, course observations, and interviews. The results showed a significant improvement in the curriculum knowledge of the pre-service teachers. This was evidenced by a notable increase in curriculum literacy scores, a moderate improvement in achievement test scores, and positive performance task outcomes. These findings highlight the effectiveness of BD-based instruction in enhancing the curriculum knowledge of pre-service teachers. This study provides valuable insights for teacher educators to effectively tailor their instructional approaches. Further research is needed to validate these results and advance instructional practices in pre-service teacher education.