Source Of Data Collection Research Articles

Pengaruh Celebrity Endorsement Dan Social Media Marketing Terhadap Purchase Intention

The focus of this research is to evaluate and determine how Celebrity Endorsements and Social Media Marketing influence the desire to purchase 3MONGGIS products. This local fashion product is quite successful in selling its various products. This research falls into the quantitative paradigm category. Sources of data collection include secondary data from the internet as well as journals and primary data collected through searching for main data output by looking for respondents who know the 3MONGGIS brand and distributing general news to predetermined respondents. Taking a sample of 140 people from respondents who were familiar with the 3MONGKIS brand, the purposive sampling method was used for sampling. The research results were evaluated and tested using classical assumptions and hypothesis testing with multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS program. This study shows that Celebrity Endorsement and Social Media Marketing have a significant influence on Purchase Intention for 3MONGGIS products. Keyword: Celebrity Endorsment, Social Media Marketing, Purchase Intention

Evidence-Based Reconstruction of Memories of a Disdainful Hookup: Identifying Risk Factors and Preventing Further Victimization.

Autobiographical memories of close relationships have been shown to have strong influence in health and life. Yet, there is no research published about longitudinal memory reconstruction of violent sporadic relationships while reading and discussing scientific evidence on gender violence victimization. This article presents a novel case of the reconstruction throughout time of the memory of a disdainful hookup experienced by a young woman. The victim's diary and an interview were the sources of data collection. The analytical categories were developed in dialogue with the participant. The results indicate that, as the subject learned scientific evidence on gender violence in sporadic relationships, she progressively recalled details of the episode that she had self-censored before, became aware of the very violent nature of the hookup, rejected the relationship, and freed her desire for satisfactory romantic relationships.

Rule of Law and Tax Compliance Behaviour in Nigeria: Does Tax Morale Matter?

The purpose of this study was to analyse the moderating influence of tax morale on rule of law and tax compliance behaviour of self employed taxpayers in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study anchored on social exchange theory and survey research design was adopted with a population of 30, 450 self employed taxpayers. Stratified sampling technique was used to establish the number of trade and artisans self employed individuals grouped into fifteen (15) groups on the basis of line of business. The study was based on nine hundred (900) respondents on an average of sixty (60) participants from the fifteen (15) respondents groups out of which eight hundred and forty-two (842) were used as new respondents due to the number of questionnaires returned. Questionnaire were used as the primary source of data collection after reliability test using Cronbach Alpha and the responses obtained from the respondents were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The multiple regression analysis suggested that rule of law positively and significantly affects tax compliance behaviour of self employed taxpayers in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, and tax morale does positively and significantly affects the association between rule of law and tax compliance behaviour of self employed taxpayers in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. On the basis of the research findings, the study concluded that there is moderating function of tax morale on rule of law on tax compliance behaviour of self employed taxpayers in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study recommended amongst others that, the relevant tax authority (Bayelsa State Internal Revenue Service) should play a more vigorous responsibility in socializing tax laws and regulations to increase the awareness of taxpayers about the significance of fulfilling tax obligations, which will later be used for provision of social goods and services for the wellbeing of the citizens. Furthermore, understanding the social psychological (demographic) of a taxpayer as its relate to tax morale would help in addressing the issue of the rule of law and tax compliance behaviour in Nigeria, and this would also assist the government to formulate the better tax policies for effective and efficient revenue generation.

Strategic environmental leverage of a sport tourism event: Approaching the global challenge locally

The proactivity in the management of sport events is essential to maximise environmental benefits for the host communities through strategic leverage. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the process of strategic environmental leverage in an international nature-based non-mega event of sport tourism (Sintra PRO 2022 - stage of the IBC World Bodyboarding Tour) by means of action research. Data collection combined several methods and sources, namely, document research, nominal group sessions, field observation, and interviews conducted with organisers and partners of the event. Three actions, which synergistically linked the environmental values of community projects and the sport subculture, were implemented in order to focus stakeholders' attention on the environmental topics. The availability of local resources and the involvement of the network of local partners facilitated the implementation of environmental leverage. On the other hand, the lack of communication between those involved in the operationalisation and promotion of environmental leverage actions was a constraint in the process. This study highlights several implications for environmental leverage in sport events, as well as for the applicability of the environmental leverage model to promote strategic planning and the implementation of the resulting strategic environmental leverage actions in sport events.

An audit of plant-based, ultra processed vegan foods in New Zealand

As concerns grow about the impact of animal farming on the environment, the appeal of plant-based diets has increased(1). The most extreme of these diets is the vegan diet which excludes all animal and insect sourced products. The vegan diet is often lauded as being beneficial for cardiovascular health, with the exclusion of saturated fats from animal meats, and the high intake of fibre from fruit and vegetables. More lately, however, there has been an exponential increase in the availability of vegan ultra-processed (UPFs), ready to eat foods which may not be so heart healthy. This study aimed to audit the vegan-labelled, plant-based meat and dairy analogues (PBMAs and PBDAs) available in New Zealand supermarkets. The objective was to compare the nutrient content against foods of animal origin that these products emulate. The audit was completed between March and June 2022 using a combination of on-site data collection and online sources. Data were collected from New Zealand’s five major supermarkets, Countdown, Fresh Choice, New World, Pak’nSave and Four Square. The audit recorded vegan and plant-based labelled products imitating animal meats (chicken, mince, beef, sausage, burgers, bacon, nuggets), and dairy (milk, cheese, yoghurt). Nutrient composition was taken from the Nutrition Information Panel (NIP) for each product and then a mean (SD) derived from a sample of each category. Nutrient composition for the comparison meat and dairy products was taken from NZ FOODFiles(2). All nutrients were reported per 100g or100ml. The PBMAs generally had higher energy, sodium and fibre, and lower protein than their meat counterparts. For example, plant-based burgers compared with beef burgers had 863kJ vs 761kJ energy, 436g vs 130g sodium, 2.3g vs 1.2g fibre, 15g vs 19g protein per 100g. Total fat and saturated fat were mostly lower in the meat products than in PBMAs, except for sausages. The plant-based milk analogues were lower in protein and fat than dairy milk, except soy (protein) and coconut (fat) milks. PBDAs were either completely lacking in calcium or were fortified to a similar level as dairy milk. Most plant-based cheeses and yoghurts were not fortified with calcium and were higher in energy, total fat and saturated fat than dairy. Vitamin B12 fortification of all plant-based products varied widely but contained less than meats and dairy. The wide range of plant-based UPFs included in this audit demonstrated little or no health advantage over animal derived meats and dairy products. The high salt and saturated fat content of these products suggest increased cardiometabolic risk if consumed as a regular part of the vegan diet despite higher fibre content.

Appraisal of Public Opinion in Foreign Policy Making: Nigeria and United States of America as a Focal Point

Public opinion plays an unprecedented role in foreign policy making in Africa as well as in other advanced and sophisticated nations in the international system. However, in the United States of America and Nigeria, empirical evidence shows that public opinion has little or no significant effects on foreign policy decision-making. Several reasons abound for this, some of these reasons are the unwillingness of the political elites to embrace transparency, accountability, and inclusive governance. The study therefore examines the views of scholars on the role of public opinion in foreign policy making in the United States of America and Nigeria. The secondary source of data collection was adopted, data include archival materials, periodical publications, books, and the internet. Most of these materials were sourced through an extensive use of specialized library facilities of the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs (NIIA). The research is descriptive and analytical. The study recommends that the American and Nigerian governments should encourage public opinion in foreign policy making. The researcher also recommend that scholars of International Relations should focus in their research on the role of Government in allowing the input of the public in both domestic and international politics. Keywords: Public Opinion, Foreign Policy, policy, United States of America, Nigeria.

Postmodernism: A Revolt Against Victorianism in Tess of the d’Urbervilles

Postmodernism embraces ambiguity, and challenges fixed meanings and universal truth. Tess of the d’Urbervilles represents the morality of the time. Tess of the d’Urbervilles can be read as a pointer to this problem. Hardy pleads, like the postmodernists, to employ more than one hermeneutic approach to decipher the meaning and purpose of Victorian morality. Hardy portrays Tess as a postmodern woman who rejects socially constructed values and truth in order to attack Victorian morality. Tess is more postmodern than Victorian in the sense that she opposes Victorian chastity and virginity as meta-narratives. Tess believes what she believes to be right or wrong, disregarding Victorian society and societal norms. Because postmodern theory is applied to the text, the proposed study is qualitative. The novel is the primary source of data collection. Secondary data sources include books and journal articles. Selected passages from the text are interpreted with a view to postmodern theory to address research questions. The research technique is interpretive content analysis.

Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Manajemen Pendidikan Berbasis Al-Qur’an Dalam Meningkatkan Kedisiplinan Guru

Islamic Education Management is an effort to achieve a disciplined and directed education that is based on Islamic values and principles. However, not all Islamic educational institutions understand the management of Islamic education that is based on Islamic principles. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the form of actualization of the principles of Islamic education management in Daarul Hikmah Islamic boarding school in Bogor Regency. The method used in this research uses qualitative case studies (Field Research). The technique of collecting data sources obtained through observation and interviews to obtain relevant data about the actualization of the principles of Islamic education management. The data analysis technique process uses a data reduction process. The results of this study indicate that the form of actualization of the principles of Islamic education management is fair and efficient in planning management, responsible and dynamic in organizing management, sincere, trustworthy and responsible in implementation management, honest and fair in supervision and evaluation. This research seeks to contribute a strong theoretical basis in improving the quality of Islamic education management.

Differentiated instruction for English learners: Teachers' understanding and practices

AbstractThe increase in the English learner (EL) student population in the United States and these students' placement in U.S. public schools have created high priority demands to address their language and learning needs. General education teachers, however, are often unprepared or underprepared to work with ELs, with limited knowledge and expertise to integrate differentiated instruction (DI) for them. This study examined two elementary teachers' understanding of differentiated instructional practices for EL students in a mainstream setting. Employing qualitative methods and following inductive data analytic processes, the study examined what these elementary teachers say facilitates DI for ELs. The researcher used semi‐structured individual interviews, a joint interview, and photo elicitation as the primary sources of data collection, and documents such as teachers' differentiated lesson plans and statements of teaching philosophy as secondary data sources. Findings revealed that a caring relationship between the teacher and ELs was essential and played a key role in student learning. By building caring relationships, the teachers learned about their EL students' needs and their interests and used that knowledge to implement DI for these students. Furthermore, teachers' proficiency in a language other than English and their metalinguistic awareness to bridge between one language and the other guided the teachers' differentiated instructional practices for their ELs.

Socio-Economic Impact on Host Communities in Adamawa and Borno States, Nigeria

The Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria has become a protracted war characterised by humanitarian and socioeconomic consequences for the survivors due to displacements that rendered many people refugees in Niger, Chad, and Cameroon while internally displacing several people across state capitals and environs. Thus affecting the livelihood condition of the survivors as well as striking negatively on Nigeria’s national development. The paper utilised both primary and secondary sources of data collection as methodology. Primary data were sourced from key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGD) with major stakeholders in the state capitals of Maiduguri and Yola, which served as host to most of the displaced persons. Secondary data were also sourced through content analysis of relevant archival materials while relying on state fragility theory as the theoretical framework of the study. It was argued that the displacement of many inhabitants away from their abode negatively affected the socioeconomic well-being of the people and human security in Maiduguri and Yola, the state capitals of Adamawa and Borno States. The study recommends that the federal and state governments, as well as private individuals and other philanthropists, should increase their level of intervention and support for the survivors of insurgencies by providing food supplies in addition to shelter for them in Maiduguri and Yola. It further recommends that the Nigerian government expedite action on the resettlement of the survivors by securing their communities with early warning, detection, and response commands. This will give room for genuine reconstruction and resettlement of IDPs in their localities, thereby reducing the pressure on existing infrastructure and lowering the cost of living in the cities of Maiduguri and Yola

The Impact of Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic on Employee Engagement and Performance: A Case Study of MTN Nigeria Telecommunications Limited

The covid-19 pandemic has brought an unprecedented impact on employee engagement and performance. The changing workplace environment has triggered psychological pressure and uncertainty and caused negative consequences for employees. In light of this unplanned situation that affect employees and the predictive closed relationship between employee engagement and performance, this study was developed to identify the key drivers of staff engagement and performance and its impact on organizational performance in the current context. The literature review showed different ways that researchers, organizations, and scholars perceive employee engagement. Several models and theories explained the concept of Employee engagement and performance and provided a context that directs the impact of COVID-19 on staff engagement and performance. The primary source of data collection was the online questionnaire. A random sampling of 339 staff was selected from a population of 1,700 employees in the different departments in MTN Nigeria out of which 306 respondents provided their feedback and this constituted the sample size while no response from 33 employees. Five hypotheses were formulated, and a conclusion was drawn from them. The calculation and analysis were obtained using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to get the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient while regression analysis was used to analyse the stated hypotheses. The result summary was analyzed considering the key objectives, it was evident that the majority of the employees felt alienated and disengaged due to the prolonged work-from-home, no informal meetings and socializations even though they still felt engaged while working for the organization.

Hubungan Kompetensi Kepribadian Guru Dengan Perkembangan Moral Pada Anak TK B

The aims of this study were (1) to determine the relationship between teacher personality competence and the moral abilities of TK B in Desa Biru, (2) to obtain an overview of the relationship between teacher personality competence and the development of moral abilities in group B early childhood in Biru Village. This research was conducted in all kindergarten group B children in Biru Village, Poleang Timur District, Bombana Regency. The sources of data collection in this study were teachers and school principals. Data collection techniques in this study were questionnaires and observation. The results of hypothesis testing show that the value obtained from the probability calculation results is 0.034 which is smaller than the probability test value of 5% (sig = 0.05) or 0.034 <0.05. This means that there is a significant relationship between the teacher's personality competence and children's moral development in Poleang Timur District, Bombana Regency.

Home advantage and the influence of officiating decisions

Even after decades of research, it is largely unclear how the various factors that cause the home advantage act and interact with one another. This paper provides an updated narrative review of the home advantage in sports, with a particular interest in the impact of refereeing. We used multiple sources for data collection and limited our search to peer-reviewed journals. Detailed information was extracted and documented from each of the retrieved articles. Bibliometric data were also calculated and assessed to evaluate the evolution of research in this field. The findings of this review show that home advantage is elevated in certain type of sports and due to properties of the crowd. In particular, the social pressure of the home crowds has direct and indirect effects on both home advantage and referee bias. Studies on games played in empty stadiums provided significant evidence for a reduced referee bias, and a decline in athlete-related variables. Several potential directions for future research emerged from this review. More research on the home advantage in women's sports, in individual sports, and at lower levels of play is warranted. These efforts will contribute to further extend our understanding of this fascinating phenomenon.

Insecurity and Voter Turnout in Governorship Elections in Rivers State, Nigeria

Elections (especially Governorship elections) in Rivers State since 1999 have continued to experience declining curve of voter turnout. Therefore, this study interrogated the effect of insecurity on voter turnout in Rivers State gubernatorial elections from 1999 to 2023. The specific objectives of the study were to; examine the state of insecurity during elections and assess the impact of insecurity on the conduct of elections in Rivers State since 1999. The ‘Structural Functionalism’ theoretical framework was employed in analysing the variables (insecurity, voter turnout, and elections) contained in this work. The qualitative research design method was employed in this paper involving the use of secondary sources of data collection while graphs, charts, simple percentages and tables were used in analysing the generated data. The major research findings were that; elections in Rivers State since 1999 have been characterized by insecurity, declining level of voter turnout due to insecurity in Rivers State; and election-related insecurity is usually caused by desperate members of the political class in connivance with both the State and non-state security actors. In addressing this, the study proposed a number of recommendations including the following; establishment of election offences commission, scaling up of anti-electoral violence advocacy, de-registration of perpetuators of elections insecurity in the voters’ register, and life ban on convicts from political participation, among others.

The Semantics of before in the Nigeria Criminal Code Ac

This paper is premised on the semantic analysis of the preposition Before in the ‘Nigeria Criminal Code Act’. The study opts for the preposition due to its paramount importance in languages, and the vital roles its proper usage and understanding could play in the interpretation of laws. The Nigeria Criminal Code Act’ was used to determine the senses associated with the preposition serves as the primary source of data collection. The study gleans the semantics through the extensive reading from the primary source to detect the semantics from the contexts; and the reading of relevant Dictionaries and other published and unpublished books on the semantics of preposition before to collect the semantic networks of the selected preposition. A table is used to showcase the recurrence of the selected preposition before and its senses in the chosen legal text. The work advances the Principled Polysemy Approach to first explore both prototypical and extended senses of the preposition in English as a natural language with a view to serving as the threshold and premises for the examination of its senses in the chosen legal text; and to see if there is any peculiarity in the senses associated with the selected preposition in the text. The research concludes that, the extended senses are the only senses associated with the selected preposition in the document. There is no significant difference between the semantics of before, in the document and its senses in everyday English. Though, the language of the law is different from everyday language, this is not applied to all aspects of the language. This paper from the study concludes that the use of the one-word preposition in legal language is not different from their uses in everyday language.

Democratization of community policing: Insights and perspectives on the Nigerian Experience

In this work, the methods of democratization of community policing in Nigeria were addressed. The traditional methods of policing which focused on militaristic style of policing and the current focus of policing which hinges on police-public collaborations in policing make this study significant. The broad objective of this study is to identify the roles of various stakeholders in the democratization of community policing in Nigeria and the challenges. The specific objectives were to identify the roles of: the police, the public, and the challenges facing democratization of community policing in Nigeria. The work raised three research questions to address the objectives of the study. We adopted both primary and secondary sources of data collection. The result of this survey indicated that the police organize various workshops for police officers to enable them adapt to new policing style and accommodate views from all ranks including lower ranking officers; that the public participate in policing by promoting security outfits, monitoring immigrants, providing useful information to the police and arresting criminals and handing them over to the police; that this new policing programme suffers some institutional setbacks: selective implementation; inadequate personnel and poor budgetary allocations. Based on our findings, we recommend that Nigeria police service should be transformed to Nigeria community policing service; the numerical strength of the police should be raised in order to meet the international standard of one police officer to forty people, and that the budgetary provision for the police should be enhanced.

Consumer Satisfaction Regarding Anthurium Ornamental Plants (A case study conducted in Nglurah Village, Tawangmangu District, Karanganya Regency)

Ornamental plants encompass a wide array of plant species cultivated for their aesthetic beauty, resulting in diverse variations. Anthurium, known for its varied leaf patterns, presents an advantage in facilitating the creation of new hybrids. This study aims to identify and examine the characteristics of Anthurium ornamental plant consumers and analyze their satisfaction levels in Dusun Nglurah, Tawangmangu District, Karanganyar Regency. Employing a qualitative research method, this study utilized accidental sampling for data collection, incorporating both primary and secondary data sources through questionnaires and interviews. Findings reveal that the highest percentage of consumer satisfaction with Anthurium ornamental plants falls within the 20-30 age group (31%), predominantly comprising high school graduates (69%) employed as shop assistants, private sector employees, civil servants, farmers, or banking professionals (40%). Furthermore, 73% of consumers visit ornamental plant centers, with 67% citing plant variety as their primary purchase motivation. The majority of consumers (72%) purchase fewer than three plants, preferring a maximum price range of 0-5 million Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) (85%). Anthurium is the preferred plant species among consumers (53%), typically displayed in pots (WS = 0.84). Attributes such as rarity, uniqueness, variety, and price of the plants also scored a WS value of 0.84. Overall consumer satisfaction with Anthurium ornamental plants at the Ornamental Plant Center falls within the "satisfied" category, with a CSI value of 83.80%.

Jurisdictions of International Commercial Arbitration in Afghanistan and UNCITRAL Laws

One of the important issues in international commercial arbitration is the arbitration board, which consists of one or more arbitrators to resolve commercial disputes based on the agreement of the parties to the dispute, or by the arbitration organization or the court, and is dissolved after dealing with the commercial disputes. In this research we examine the competence of the arbitration board in international commercial arbitration, focusing on its ability to make decisions regarding jurisdiction and the examination of the existence of the arbitration agreement. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method and relies on library and electronic sources for data collection. The findings designate that the arbitration board, per the Afghanistan Arbitration Law and the UNCITRAl Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, has the authority to determine its jurisdiction and observe the existence of the arbitration agreement. It is established that the principle of competence-competence is widely accepted by the laws of many countries. However, it is elucidated that the subject matter jurisdiction lies with the agreement of the parties involved. The research highlights the importance of the arbitration board in impartially resolving commercial disputes evolving from economic and commercial contracts and emphasizes its role in achieving quick and fair dispute resolution.

Identifying Factors Affecting Green HRM Practices And Its Impact On Organizations’ Sustainability Of Multinational Corporations (Mncs)

Purpose: This study aims to help employees and organizations realize eco-friendly Human Resources Management (HRM) operations concerning sustainability. It will allow the MNCs of Pakistan to adopt green practices to reduce the pollutant environment in the organization to assess employee awareness regarding green practices, how green practices influence the employee as well and the organization’s sustainability.
 Design/Methodology: This work mainly emphasizes the primary source of data collection based on the quantitative method; 200 questionnaires were disseminated between the employees of MNCs in Pakistan, and Regression analysis was done through SPSS software.
 Findings: Findings revealed that the correlation between green recruitment (GR), selection and organization sustainability have a strong and positive relationship as compared to green pay, reward and green training which have a positive but average relationship with organization sustainability this shows that if the MNCs of Pakistan adopt a green recruitment and selection practice instead of the traditional method of recruitment and selection so it will increases the chances of a better sustainable environment that will ultimately lead to the organization sustainability
 Originality: This study contributes as one of the first studies about the adaptation of Green Human Resources Management (GHRM) practices of MNCs in Pakistan.
 Keywords: Organization, sustainability, green recruitment, green training, green practices, green human resource, Pakistan

Strategies and difficulties during students’ construction of data visualizations

BackgroundData visualizations transform data into visual representations such as graphs, diagrams, charts and so forth, and enable inquiries and decision-making in many professional fields, as well as in public and economic areas. How students’ data visualization literacy (DVL), including constructing, comprehending, and utilizing adequate data visualizations, can be developed is gaining increasing attention in STEM education. As fundamental steps, the purpose of this study was to understand common student difficulties and useful strategies during the process of constructing data visualization so that suggestions and principles can be made for the design of curricula and interventions to develop students’ DVL.MethodsThis study engaged 57 college and high school students in constructing data visualizations relating to the topic of air quality for a decision-making task. The students’ difficulties and strategies demonstrated during the process of data visualization were analyzed using multiple collected data sources including the students’ think-aloud transcripts, retrospective interview transcripts, and process videos that captured their actions with the data visualization tool. Qualitative coding was conducted to identify the students’ difficulties and strategies. Epistemic network analysis (ENA) was employed to generate network models revealing how the difficulties and strategies co-occurred, and how the college and high school students differed.ResultsSix types of student difficulties and seven types of strategies were identified. The strategies were further categorized into non-, basic- and high-level metavisual strategies. About three-quarters of the participants employed basic or high-level metavisual strategies to overcome the technological and content difficulties. The high school students demonstrated a greater need to develop content knowledge and representation skills, whereas the college students needed more support to know how to simplify data to construct the best data visualizations.Conclusions and implicationsThe study specified metacognition needed for data visualization, which builds on and extends the cognitive model of drawing construction (CMDC) and theoretical perspectives of metavisualization. The results have implications for developing students’ data visualization literacy in STEM education by considering the difficulties and trajectories of metacognitive strategy development, and by addressing the different patterns and needs demonstrated by the college and high school students.