Data Collection Points Research Articles

A longitudinal study on within-person developmental relations between bullying and cyberbullying with substance use in adolescents

Bullying, cyberbullying and substance use are prevalent problem behaviors in adolescents, with adverse consequences. Although previous research has provided important insights into their connections, it remains to be established if there are directional relations in which bullying and cyberbullying are predictors of substance use or whether their relation primarily reflects a common dependence on individual difference factors that tend to be stable within people but vary across people. The current study thus delineated between-individual and within-individual longitudinal relations between bullying, cyberbullying, and substance use in adolescents using a prospective longitudinal study with three data collection points. The sample included 1,481 students enrolled in primary and secondary schools in Spain. Data were collected through a survey with validated questionnaires. Analyses were performed using ALT-SRs to examine the within-person reciprocal longitudinal relations between bullying/cyberbullying and substance use. Regarding the within-person relations between substance use, bullying, and cyberbullying, only bullying perpetration in 10–17-years olds predicted substance use in 11–17-years olds. We also found a between-person relation between cybervictimization and substance use, and significant cross-sectional and longitudinal correlations among bullying, cyberbullying and substance use in most waves. These results should be taken into account for policy and practice against bullying, cyberbullying, and substance use. Comprehensive interventions that target all these problem behaviors should be designed, implemented and evaluated. More longitudinal research on the relation between these and other problem behaviors should be conducted.

Mental health trajectories among Syrian refugees in Norway: A longitudinal cohort study

Abstract Background Refugees encounter various risk factors that can affect their mental health throughout the migration process. However, while most studies focus on mental health challenges at the time of resettlement, only a few explore these changes over an extended period. This study aims to explore changes in mental health among Syrian refugees in Norway and to identify influencing factors. Methods This is a prospective cohort study using data from CHART and Integration for Health studies, which followed Syrian refugees granted settlement in Norway. Data collection took place in Lebanon between 2017-2018 (baseline), and at one- and four-years post-arrival in Norway. Assessments for anxiety/depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were conducted using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, respectively. Mixed-effects logistic regression analyzed temporal changes, with results presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The study also explored the effect modification of outcomes by the following baseline factors: age, gender, education. Results A total of 132 participants were included in all three data collection points. There was a decrease in the proportion of participants reporting anxiety/depression (from 30% to 28%, OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.1 - 0.2) four years post-settlement. The proportion of participants reporting PTSD symptoms decreased one year after settlement (from 4% to 3%, OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1 - 0.7), but increased to 4% four years after arrival, showing no improvement from baseline (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4 - 2.0). No interactions were observed between changes over time and baseline variables. Conclusions After four years in Norway, Syrian refugees reported improvement in anxiety/depression, but PTSD symptoms worsened. This highlights the need for ongoing support that extends beyond the initial phases of resettlement. Key messages • Refugees face various risk factors that affect their mental health throughout the migration process. • Ongoing mental health support for refugees is essential, beyond the initial resettlement phase.

“If it can be done, it will be done:” AI Ethical Standards and a dual role for public relations

This research reports a five-year study with different types of participants to examine questions related to ethics in artificial intelligence (AI) and the use of AI in public relations and professional communication. AI specialists from computer engineering and closely related fields, as well as CCOs, communication directors/managers, public affairs officers, and CEOs participated in this research, explaining and assessing the role of ethics in AI. Through numerous points of data collection, the topic of AI ethics in public relations was examined through a mixed method approach. This study offers insight into the ethics and design of AI systems that communication professionals must not only use in practice but also understand, advise upon, ethically oversee, and occasionally defend in the public sphere when used (or commissioned) by our organizations. After a review of broad literature and longitudinal data from hundreds of sources, recommendations for a more robust framework for AI ethics in public relations are proposed. Ethical considerations and quantum and neuromorphic computing are posed as means to avoid technocracy, and base use of these advanced systems on moral values.

The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Cognitive Control Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are strongly associated with impaired cognitive control, yet research on ACEs' effects across cognitive control domains-working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control-remains sparse. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the overall impact of ACEs on each of these cognitive control domains and explored moderating factors such as age, gender, cognitive control paradigms, and ACEs subtypes based on the dimensional model of adversity and psychopathology. A database search was conducted in SCOPUS, MedLine, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Only prospective studies were included to ensure temporal order inferences, with at least two data collection points, assessing ACEs at baseline (T1) and cognitive control during follow-up (T2). Thirty-two studies (N = 26,863) producing 124 effect sizes were analyzed. Three-level meta-analyses revealed small-to-medium negative associations between ACEs and overall cognitive control (g = -0.32), and in each domain: working memory (g = -0.28), cognitive flexibility (g = -0.28), and inhibitory control (g = -0.32). The negative associations between ACEs and cognitive control were consistent across age, gender, and cognitive control paradigms. ACEs subtypes moderated the association with cognitive flexibility (p = .04) but not working memory or inhibitory control. Specifically, the deprivation subtype exhibited a stronger negative association with cognitive flexibility compared to threat and threat-and-deprivation subtypes. These findings highlight the pervasive negative impact of ACEs on cognitive control across ages and emphasize the need for targeted interventions. Implications, current gaps, limitations in research, and future study recommendations are discussed.

Analysis of Tidal Energy Potential in the Merauke Papua River Waters Indonesia

The purpose of this study is as a source of information to study the potential of tidal energy at the estuary of the Maro River in the waters of Merauke Regency. This study uses a quantitative method, while the method for determining the location of the study used is the purposive sampling method where the data collection point is right at the end of the estuary of the Maro River because it faces directly onto the Arafura Sea. Tide data for 5 months, namely September 1, 2023 to January 31, 2024 with a pool area of 1,260,000 m2, with the consideration that from September to January there is a change of seasons that can significantly affect the tidal pattern. The tides are measured in two periods, namely the first tidal period starting at 01.00 AM to 12.00 AM and the second tidal period occurs at 01.00 PM to 12.00 PM. From the research data, it was obtained that the highest tides were in January 2024, namely the first-period tidal height difference of 5.333 meters and the energy produced was 5.292 kWh, and the second-period tidal height difference was 5.383 meters the energy produced was 5.349 kWh. The results of this study can encourage diversification of energy sources in Merauke and increase regional energy security as well as provide the data needed for further research and development of renewable energy technology, which can accelerate innovation of new technologies in the Merauke Papua region.

Long-term COVID-19 sequelae by Theta and SARS-CoV-2 variants in a Philippine cohort.

Millions have been infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since its emergence in 2019, but most patients make a full recovery. The long-term consequences of the infection are anticipated to unravel in the succeeding years with reports of patients experiencing chronic, debilitating sequelae post-infection commonly referred to as Long COVID. Various Variants of Concern (VoCs) have emerged as the SARS-CoV-2 virus evolved displaying increased infectivity and immune evasiveness. We investigate whether the infecting VoCs affect the sequelae of Long COVID in a Philippine cohort. SARS-CoV-2 cases confirmed using RT-PCR followed by Next Generation Sequencing were identified from selected regions of the Philippines and recruited through a retrospective-prospective cohort design. Participants were divided based on the initial infecting VoC or Variant of Interest (VoI) and were subsequently interviewed regarding the presence, intensity, and frequency of key Long COVID symptoms, and followed up on two more separate sessions at least three (3) months apart for a total of three (3) data collection points (S1, S2, S3) to document changes in symptoms throughout the year-long study period. Long COVID symptoms were reported in 88, 82, and 68% of participants in S1, S2, and S3, respectively, showing declining incidence with elapsed time since the first reported infection. General symptoms including headache, fatigue, and post-exertional malaise were the most frequently reported symptoms, while neuropsychiatric symptoms were the second most frequently reported symptoms. In all three (3) sessions, intermittent brain fog, fatigue, and headache were the most frequently reported symptoms in all SARS-CoV-2 variant cohorts. Factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, and disease severity influenced symptom frequency, providing insight into the risk factors that contribute to the prevalence of this disease. A large proportion (>68%) of cases in this Philippine cohort previously infected with different SARS-CoV-2 variants presented with long-term complications of COVID-19 characterized by a highly heterogeneous set of debilitating symptoms. The study highlights the need for long-term monitoring of Long COVID and its impact on human health and the need for our health systems to adopt policy response strategies.

Effect of cold vapor for sore throat reduction in elderly patients with cardiac surgery: A randomized control trial

Cold vapor has anti-inflammatory properties, and can also relieve endotracheal complications like sore throats. As elderlies are more prone to post-extubation sore throat, this study investigates the effect of cold vapor on post-extubation sore throat in the elderly undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. A randomized controlled trial was carried out on eighty elderly patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery at a cardiovascular therapeutic center in Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to each experimental and control group using the block randomization method (n=40 in each group). The experimental group received cold vapor after endotracheal tube extubation and the control group received no treatment. Data were gathered at different time intervals 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after post-extubation using the verbal rating score. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to answer the research questions of this study. The results showed that the number of sore throats was significantly different between the two study groups over the four data collection points (p < 0.05). Although the number of sore throats decreased in the control group, they were 0.51 times more likely to develop sore throats (Exp (B)=0.51). Cold vapor is a safe and easy strategy used by nurses for alleviating post-extubation sore throat in elderly patients after coronary artery bypass surgery. Combined with other therapeutic measures, cold vapor can be more effective and can reduce the chance of developing sore throats in these patients.

PROBLEMS OF ANALYZING OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES IN THE LIGHT AND TEXTILE INDUSTRIES

Problem statement. One of the main functions of the occupational health and safety management system at enterprises is to analyze occupational injuries and diseases that occur to employees as a result of their work duties in the event of an inadequate state of occupational health and safety at the enterprise. The light and textile industry in Ukraine is characterized by uncertain working conditions, as it is mostly based on small enterprises. The lack of analysis of occupational injuries and their causes complicates the process of developing occupational safety and health measures for enterprises operating in the light and textile industry, respectively. The purpose of the article is to identify the reasons for the complication of the process of analyzing occupational injuries and the issues of analyzing the causes of injuries in the light and textile industries. Conclusions. The analysis of occupational injuries in the light and textile industry has revealed an upward trend in the number of accidents in this sector. Given that over the past four years, the State Statistics Service has not separated the light industry into a separate statistical data collection point, this makes it more difficult to analyze injuries in this area. It was also found that during 2020−2024, the State Labor Service registered fatal and group accidents that were not related to work in the light and textile industry, but were classified as such because the production itself is engaged in light industry. At the same time, the type of work performed by the victim is more likely to be classified as construction or cargo rather than tailoring. The analysis identified the main problems that prevent the identification of the exact causes of accidents in the light and textile industry.

A LiDAR-depth camera information fusion method for human robot collaboration environment

With the evolution of human–robot collaboration in advanced manufacturing, multisensor integration has increasingly become a critical component for ensuring safety during human–robot interactions. Given the disparities in range scales, densities, and arrangement patterns among multisensor data, such as that from depth cameras and LiDAR, accurately fusing information from multiple sources has emerged as a pressing need to safeguard human–robot safety. This paper focuses on LiDAR and depth cameras, addressing the challenges posed by the differences in data collection range, point density, and distribution patterns which complicate information fusion. We propose a heterogeneous sensor information fusion method for human–robot collaborative environments. To solve the problem of substantial differences in point cloud range scales, a moving sphere space coarse localization algorithm is introduced, narrowing down the scale of interest based on similar features. Furthermore, to address the challenge of significant density differences and low overlap rates between point clouds, we present an improved FPFH coarse registration algorithm based on overlap ratio and an enhanced ICP fine registration algorithm based on the generation of corresponding points. The method proposed herein is applied to the fusion of information from a 64-line LiDAR and a depth camera within a human–robot collaboration scene. Experimental results demonstrate an absolute translational accuracy of 4.29 cm and an absolute rotational accuracy of 0.006 rad, meeting the requirements for heterogeneous sensor information fusion in the context of human–robot collaboration.

Vocabulary learning in EMI courses: A longitudinal study of Chinese university students over a term

This paper reports the results of research investigating EMI students' vocabulary gain over a term of study (10–12 weeks) at a university in China. Though vocabulary learning is usually considered by stakeholders to be an underlying goal of EMI, relatively little empirical research systematically explores EMI students' vocabulary gains. We examined EMI students' learning outcomes of receptive and productive general and academic vocabulary, as well as multi-word units. Data was collected from 114 students taking EMI courses in various subject areas using a range of vocabulary knowledge tests, including the vocabulary levels test (VLT), the productive vocabulary levels test (PVLT) and a multi-word units test. Findings reveal some significant gains in students' vocabulary knowledge but with small effect sizes. Significant vocabulary gain was found in students’ general vocabulary receptive and productive knowledge as well as in their productive academic vocabulary and knowledge of multi-word units. Their productive vocabulary knowledge was considerably lower at both data collection points, even though students showed more improvement in productive than receptive vocabulary. Greater vocabulary gains were observed in students who attended more EMI classes. The results suggest that vocabulary gain might not be taken for granted as a by-product of EMI.

Characterization of postintensive care syndrome in a prospective cohort of survivors of COVID-19 critical illness: a 12-month follow-up study

PurposeStudies integrating an exhaustive longitudinal long-term follow-up of postintensive care syndrome (PICS) in critically ill COVID-19 survivors are scarce. We aimed to 1) describe PICS-related sequelae over a 12-month period after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge, 2) identify relevant demographic and clinical factors related to PICS, and 3) explore how PICS-related sequelae may influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in critically ill COVID-19 survivors.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study in adult critically ill survivors of SARS-CoV-2 infection that did or did not need invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain (March 2020 to January 2021). We performed a telemedicine follow-up of PICS-related sequelae (physical/functional, cognitive, and mental health) and HRQoL with five data collection points. We retrospectively collected demographic and clinical data. We used multivariable mixed-effects models for data analysis.ResultsWe included 142 study participants in the final analysis, with a median [interquartile range] age of 61 [53–68] yr; 35% were female and 59% needed IMV. Fatigue/dyspnea, pain, impaired muscle function, psychiatric symptomatology and reduced physical HRQoL were prominent sequelae early after ICU discharge. Over the 12-month follow-up, functionality and fatigue/dyspnea improved progressively, while pain remained stable. We observed slight fluctuations in anxiety symptoms and perception of cognitive deficit, whereas posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms improved, with a mild rebound at the end of the follow-up. Female sex, younger age, and the need for IMV were risk factors for PICS, while having higher cognitive reserve was a potential protective factor. Physical HRQoL scores showed a general improvement over time, whereas mental HRQoL remained stable. Shorter ICU stay, better functionality, and lower scores for fatigue/dyspnea and pain were associated with better physical HRQoL, while lower scores for anxiety, depression, and PTSD were associated with better mental HRQoL.ConclusionsPostintensive care syndrome was common in COVID-19 critical illness survivors and persisted in a significant proportion of patients one year after ICU discharge, impacting HRQoL. The presence of risk factors for PICS may identify patients who are more likely to develop the condition and who would benefit from more specific and closer follow-up after ICU admission.Study registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04422444); first submitted 9 June 2020.

Impact of Pharmacist Expertise on Acceptance Rates in a Comprehensive E-Consult Program within a Large Academic Health System.

Background: Although electronic consults (e-consults) are utilized in healthcare systems by medical professionals, use of e-consults by pharmacy remains novel outside of niche disease states. Additional research is required to fill literature gaps to assist in optimizing the pharmacist's role in e-consult programs. Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of pharmacist expertise on e-consult outcomes. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of all pharmacy e-consults completed by pharmacists at a large academic health system between March 1st, 2020, and August 31st, 2022. This was deemed quality improvement and did not require Institutional Review Board approval. E-consults were identified using a report. Key data collection points included e-consult disease state, ordering provider, pharmacists' specialty, and recommendation result. The primary outcome was the difference in acceptance rates of expert versus non-expert pharmacist recommendations. Secondary outcomes included the overall implementation rate, implementation rate over time, acceptance rate between provider types, time to implementation, and pharmacist response time. Acceptance rates were compared between expert/non-expert dichotomy via Pearson chi-square test. Results: A total of 375 e-consults met inclusion criteria and spanned 19 unique disease states. The three most common included diabetes mellitus (27.0%), pain management (13.1%), and mental health (11.0%). Nearly 60% of e-consults were in a disease with an expert. The provider acceptance rate was higher when e-consults were completed by an expert versus non-expert (62.6% versus 39.6% respectively, p = 0.002). The overall implementation rate was 51.8%. Physicians (MD/DOs) accepted the pharmacist's recommendations 55.6% of the time, advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) 64.7%, physician assistants (PAs) 100.0%, and other professionals 25.0% (p = 0.033). Mean time to recommendation implementation was 16.5 days (SD = 29.4 days). Mean time to pharmacist response was 1.1 days (SD = 1.4 days). Conclusions: Comprehensive e-consult programs are more successful when integrating expert pharmacists.

Reducing Alcohol Misuse and Promoting Treatment Initiation Among Veterans Through a Brief Internet-Based Intervention: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Young adult veterans who served after the September 11 attacks on the United States in 2001 (ie, post-9/11) are at heightened risk for experiencing behavioral health distress and disorders including hazardous drinking, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression. These veterans often face significant barriers to behavioral health treatment, and reaching them through brief mobile phone-based interventions may help reduce drinking and promote treatment engagement. Following a successful pilot study, this randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to further test the efficacy of a brief (ie, single session) mobile phone-delivered personalized normative feedback intervention enhanced with content to promote treatment engagement. We will conduct an RCT with 800 post-9/11 young adult veterans (aged 18 to 40 years) with potentially hazardous drinking and who have not recently received treatment for any behavioral health problems. Participants will be randomly assigned to the personalized intervention or a control condition with resources for seeking care. The personalized normative feedback module in the intervention focuses on the correction of misperceived norms of peer alcohol use and uses empirically informed approaches to increase motivation to address alcohol use and co-occurring behavioral health problems. Past 30-day drinking, alcohol-related consequences, and treatment-seeking behaviors will be assessed at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post intervention. Sex, barriers to care, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and severity of alcohol use disorder symptoms will be explored as potential moderators of outcomes. We expect recruitment to be completed within 6 months, with data collection taking 12 months for each enrolled participant. Analyses will begin within 3 months of the final data collection point (ie, 12 months follow-up). This RCT will evaluate the efficacy of a novel intervention for non-treatment-seeking veterans who struggle with hazardous drinking and possible co-occurring behavioral health problems. This intervention has the potential to improve veteran health outcomes and overcome significant barriers to treatment. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04244461; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04244461. DERR1-10.2196/59993.

A comparison of written case notes and the delivery of care in dementia specialist mental health wards.

Introduction: Stigmatising language concerning people living with dementia can cause potentially harmful and dehumanising consequences. Language used about people living with dementia in mental health wards may focus on medical perspectives and suggest custodial relationships with patients rather than person-centred accounts of individuals. This language could have a devastating impact on the provision of person-centred care. This study investigated the relationship between accounts of people living with dementia written in healthcare case notes and clinical practice at three dementia specialist wards in Wales, UK. Language guidance was provided to ward staff to assess whether stigmatising language could be reduced and whether this influenced the provision of person-centred care.Methodology: Dementia Care Mapping was adapted to analyse case note entries for enhancing and detracting accounts of people living with dementia at three data collection points. These were compared to the results of routine DCM observations of care across the three wards. The healthcare case notes of 117 people living with dementia, encompassing 4, 522 entries over ten months were analysed. DCM observations of 38 people living with dementia within the three wards were compared against the case note results. Person-centred language guidance was shared with care staff following each data collection point.Results: Following the provision of person-centered language guidance, the use of personally enhancing language was observed to increase across all three wards. Non-person-centred case note entries predominantly focussed on Labelling language, whilst language concerning Invalidation and Objectification also occurred frequently compared to other DCM domains. Person centred language typically concerned Acknowledgement. A relationship between case note entries and practice was evident in some domains although findings were inconsistent.Discussion and Implications: The findings highlight the importance of addressing stigmatising language in healthcare and suggest that further studies to support the anti-stigma agenda in dementia care are required.

Affective, semantic, frequency, and descriptive norms for 107 face emojis

We introduce a novel dataset of affective, semantic, and descriptive norms for all facial emojis at the point of data collection. We gathered and examined subjective ratings of emojis from 138 German speakers along five essential dimensions: valence, arousal, familiarity, clarity, and visual complexity. Additionally, we provide absolute frequency counts of emoji use, drawn from an extensive Twitter corpus, as well as a much smaller WhatsApp database. Our results replicate the well-established quadratic relationship between arousal and valence of lexical items, also known for words. We also report associations among the variables: for example, the subjective familiarity of an emoji is strongly correlated with its usage frequency, and positively associated with its emotional valence and clarity of meaning. We establish the meanings associated with face emojis, by asking participants for up to three descriptions for each emoji. Using this linguistic data, we computed vector embeddings for each emoji, enabling an exploration of their distribution within the semantic space. Our description-based emoji vector embeddings not only capture typical meaning components of emojis, such as their valence, but also surpass simple definitions and direct emoji2vec models in reflecting the semantic relationship between emojis and words. Our dataset stands out due to its robust reliability and validity. This new semantic norm for face emojis impacts the future design of highly controlled experiments focused on the cognitive processing of emojis, their lexical representation, and their linguistic properties.

Efficacy and Safety of Shi Cervical Rotational Manipulation in Patients With Atlantoaxial Joint Subluxation: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

The clinical diagnosis of atlantoaxial joint subluxation (AJS) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is characterized by an unequal distance between the lateral mass of the atlas and the odontoid process on imaging, resulting in neck pain accompanied by symptoms such as dizziness, headache, and limited cervical mobility. In Shanghai, Shi cervical rotational manipulation (SCRM) is a commonly employed TCM manual therapy for treating this condition. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence-based medical information regarding the clinical efficacy and safety of this technique. The principal aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SCRM in patients diagnosed with AJS. This study is a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial that will be conducted at a single center and that has a follow-up period of 24 weeks. A total of 96 patients diagnosed with AJS will be recruited from outpatient and inpatient clinics at Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. These patients will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group (SCRM) or the comparison group (basic cervical manipulation [BCM]). Treatment sessions consisting of SCRM or BCM will be administered twice a week for a duration of 4 weeks. Clinical monitoring indicators include the presence or absence of clinical symptoms as recorded on a symptom recording form, cervical imaging examination findings using cervical computed tomography, degree of neck pain measured by a visual analog scale (VAS), cervical range of motion assessed through cervical mobility measurement, degree of vertigo evaluated using the Vertigo Symptoms Scale-Chinese Version (VSS-C), and adverse events that may occur during the follow-up period. The time points for data collection and follow-up are baseline and postintervention (weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24). This paper presents an overview of the reasoning and structure of a prospective randomized controlled trial with the objective of investigating the clinical efficacy and safety of SCRM in patients with AJS by assessing improvements in clinical symptoms, neck pain severity, and vertigo severity and evaluating changes in cervical imaging findings. Recruitment was started in March 2023. By the end of May 2024, 76 patients were included in this project. The last follow-up data are predicted to be collected by the end of February 2025. This investigation will yield dependable evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of SCRM in patients with AJS. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300068510; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=186883. DERR1-10.2196/57865.

Non-suicidal self-injury trajectories among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of parenting dimensions and stress reactions

BackgroundThe literature on the trajectories of NSSI behavior during the pandemic is scarce and mainly short-term. Furthermore, studies have not explored the buffering mechanisms that may have altered risk trajectories during this vulnerable period. This study aims to analyze the univariate change of NSSI during adolescence and to examine the alteration of the univariate growth due to the time-varying effect of COVID-19-related stress, parenting dimensions (i.e., positive and negative parenting), and their interaction. MethodsParticipants included 830 Italian adolescents (44.2 % females; Mage = 14.52; SD = 0.80), who participated in at least one time point of data collection, from a three-wave longitudinal study (T1: from December 2019 to January 2020; T2: December 2020; T3: December 2021). ResultsThe Latent Growth Curve Analyses show a linear increase in NSSI over time. In regards to time-varying, at T1, the results highlight that higher levels of negative parenting are associated with higher levels of NSSI at the same time point. Instead, at T2, results show that pandemic stress is associated with higher levels of NSSI at T2. Regarding the interaction effect, positive parenting significantly buffered the effect of COVID-19 stress on NSSI at both T2 and T3. LimitationsOnly some dimensions of parenting style (i.e., positive and negative parenting) are included. ConclusionsThis study attempts to deepen the trajectory of NSSI behavior during the two years of the pandemic and examine the changes caused by the time-varying effects, thus providing suggestions for designing programs to prevent engagement in NSSI.

“A lot of moving parts”: Recovery home challenges linking and housing individuals with criminal legal system involvement

IntroductionThere are high rates of substance use disorder (SUD) among people released from carceral settings and, upon release, many of these people also face unstable housing situations, posing challenges to connecting with resources to facilitate SUD recovery. Recovery homes provide a temporary sober living environment for those seeking both SUD recovery and transition back to the community after carceral release. However, successful recovery home placement for this population can prove difficult, and there is a need for research to identify ways to overcome them. MethodsThe current qualitative study seeks to understand barriers to recovery home access for people leaving carceral settings and identify potential best practices for overcoming these barriers from the perspective of recovery home directors. The study conducted semi-structured interviews at two data collection points with eight recovery home directors from sites participating in a housing linkage and placement intervention pilot. The research team used qualitative software to identify and organize directors' experiences and practices in housing and supporting this population. ResultsRecovery home directors identified significant barriers to linkage from carceral settings, including difficulties communicating and coordinating placement with potential residents while still incarcerated. Interviews also revealed approaches recovery home directors take to improve recovery home placement, such as sharing information and resources with carceral settings prior to release and helping residents avoid reincarceration by managing relationships with court agents and parole. ConclusionRecovery resident directors have considerable insight into the most significant placement challenges faced by recovery homes upon carceral release as well as experience with potential solutions for overcoming them. Directors can be the key to direct seamless support and continuity of care for criminal legal system involved individuals through coordination with jails, prisons, and other community resources. Directors can also play a significant role in the successful completion of probation and parole by helping residents avoid further issues with the legal system. These directors view working cooperatively with residents as an effective approach to ensuring clients adhere to court orders and are successful in recovery and reentry.

Individual capacity growth over time in leadership courses: an intra-individual multilevel model approach

PurposeOur study was designed to investigate the longitudinal trajectories of student leader development capacities in a sample of students enrolled in multiple leadership-focused courses across several semesters. Our goal was to assess the degree to which course enrollment was associated with growth over the time that students engage as undergraduates in academic leadership programs, and if so, to assess the shape and speed of capacity change.Design/methodology/approachWe utilized a multilevel intra-individual modeling approach assessing students’ motivation to lead, leader self-efficacy, and leadership skills across multiple data collection points for students in a campus major or minor focused on leadership studies. We compared an unconditional model, a fixed effect model, a random intercept model, a random slope model, and a random slope and intercept model to determine the shape of score trajectories. Our approach was not to collect traditional pre-test and post-test data – choosing to collect data only at the beginning of each semester – to reduce time cues typically inherent within pre-test and post-test collections.FindingsOur results strongly suggested that individual students differ greatly in the degree to which they report the capacity to lead when initially enrolling in their first class. Surprisingly, the various models were unable to predict a pattern of longitudinal leader development through repeated course enrollment in our sample.Originality/valueOur investigation employed statistical methods that are not often utilized in leadership education quantitative research, and also included a data collection effort designed to avoid a linear pre-test/post-test score comparison.

Accounting Information System and Financial Reporting Quality of Quoted Service Companies in Nigeria

AIS is seen as a significant organizational mechanism but it can only be of benefit to organizational operations, including the Quality of Financial Reporting (QFR) produced if the right factors are well integrated and operated harmoniously. Therefore, the study examined AIS and QFR of listed service companies in Nigeria. The study adopted cross-sectional survey research design. Primary data was employed through a questionnaire which was administered on 256 respondents. Variables used included Information Quality (IQ), Service Quality (SERVQ), faithful representation, relevance, understandability and timeliness. The study adopted the use of structural equation modeling for data analysis. The findings revealed that IQ has a significant effect on QFR while SERVQ has no significant and negative effect on QFR. It is therefore recommended that organizations should ensure that they maintain good information quality which should start from the point of data collection from different sources to the point of final preparation of the financial reports.