Data Acquisition Unit Research Articles

Industrial Internet of Things for Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis of Dry Vacuum Pumps in Atomic Layer Deposition Equipment

In the modern semiconductor industry, defective products occur with unexpected small variables due to process miniaturization. Managing the condition of each part is an effective way of preventing unexpected errors. The industrial internet of things (IIoT) environment, which can monitor and analyze the performance degradation of parts that affect process results, enables advanced process yield management. This paper introduces the IIoT concept-based data monitoring and diagnostic system construction results. The process of pump vibration data acquisition is explained to evaluate the effectiveness of this system. The target process is deposition. The purpose of the system is to detect degradation of pumps due to by-products of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. The system consists of three areas: a data acquisition unit using six vibration sensors, a Web access-based monitoring unit that can monitor vibration data, and an Azure platform that searches for outliers in vibration data.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Computer development based embedded systems in precision agriculture: tools and application

This article has been retracted from publication in the Taylor & Francis journal, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science. Following publication, concerns were raised by multiple third-parties around the content of the special issue and the decision-making process. Following an investigation by the Taylor & Francis Publishing Ethics & Integrity team in full cooperation with the Editor-in-Chief, it was confirmed that this article included in Special Issue titled “ Envisage Computer Modelling and Statistics for Agriculture”, guest edited by Gunasekaran Manogaran was not peer-reviewed appropriately, in line with the Journal's peer review standards and policy. As the stringency of the peer review process is core to the integrity of the publication process, the Editor and Publisher have decided to retract all of the articles within the above-named Special Issue. The journal has not confirmed if the authors were aware of this compromised peer review process. The journal is committed to correcting the scientific record and will fully cooperate with any institutional investigations into this matter. The authors have been informed of this decision. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines.

The CDAU — a common data acquisition unit for the radiation imaging detectors at HIRFL-CSR

A common data acquisition unit (CDAU) has been designed for data transmission in the radiation imaging detectors in the Heavy Ion Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). With a bandwidth of 64 Gbps, this CDAU can meet the need for most of the experiment. The CDAU can connect four front-end readout cards (FECs) through optical links for data collection, packaging, and transmission. This CDAU is based on the PCI Express (PCIe) Gen3 bus, using Xilinx Kintex Ultrascale series FPGA, combined with the periphery circuits design to complete the data acquisition system. This paper will discuss the design and performance of the CDAU.

A Vehicle-Based Laser System for High-Resolution DEM Development – Performance Evaluation of System Components.

Surface microtopography is quantified by the deviations in the direction of the normal vector of the surface. Soil microtopography is a major factor influencing soil erosion by water and wind. Surface microtopography can be accurately described using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). In this study, a vehicle-based laser system was developed to generate high-resolution DEM data. The system consisted of five major components: a laser line scanner, a gyroscope sensor, a real-time kinematic GPS, a frame-rail mechanism, and a data acquisition and control unit. A series of experiments were conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the performance of the components. The result of distance measurements indicated that the system gave the most consistent distance measurement on a white paper. Static gyroscope sensor accuracy tests showed that angle measurement errors observed in combined pitch/roll rotations were larger than in single rotations. Within ±30º of single rotations, the measurement errors for pitch and roll angles were within 0.8º and 0.4º, respectively. The tests of the angular displacement on the linear rail showed that it slightly tilted towards the laser line scanner when it moved along the rail.

ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG): A BIO-MEDICAL TECHNIQUE USED FOR ACQUIRING DATA DURING MASTICATION OF FOOD

The main objective of this study was to understand the technique of Electromyography. In this technique activities of muscles were governed on the basis of generated my electrical signals. Electromyography instrumentation consists of data acquisition unit, Universal interface module, Connector, adaptor and software. Various parameters like chew number, mastication time, total burst duration, total muscle activity, burst duration, inter burst duration, cycle time, muscle activity and amplitude were used for analyzing the data acquired during mastication of food at entire mastication, per chew and at three different stages (early, middle and late) of mastication.

Vision-based high-precision intelligent monitoring for shield tail clearance

Real-time shield tail clearance measurement and monitoring is a key task during shield tunneling construction. The shield tail clearance measurement and monitoring technology development is still in its infancy, the current methods are mainly designed manually based on intuition. In order to fill the gap between the requirement of shield tail clearance measurement and monitoring and the limitations of the current methods, this paper systematically studies the existing mechanisms related to shield tail clearance measurement and monitoring, and develops a high-precision intelligent monitoring system for shield tail clearance. The proposed monitoring system includes four components: 1) two types of shield tail clearance calculation models, 2) the integrated hardware of the monitoring system which is composed of a data acquisition unit, a signal transmission unit and a control unit, 3) the region of interest (ROI) extraction method based on deep neural network, and the image processing algorithms for image enhancement and feature extraction, 4) the custom-developed software built on mature integrated development environment (IDE). After the calculation model of shield tail clearance is established, the system uses monitoring devices equipped with industrial cameras to obtain the on-site image, and then applies image processing technologies along with deep learning approach to extract the key features, which are brought into the model to calculate the values of shield tail clearance, finally displays these values and simulates the current tunneling attitude of the shield machine in real time. The experimental results show that the system proposed in this paper achieves the goal of high precision measuring and real-time monitoring of the shield tail clearance.

Sports Competition Assistant System Based on Fuzzy Big Data and Health Exercise Recognition Algorithm

When material desires are satisfied, people begin to pursue more and more spiritual levels. Health exercises have an excellent auxiliary effect on people’s flexibility and physical fitness, so more and more people choose health exercises. However, the movement of health exercises returns to Chengdu and affects the efficiency of physical training. Therefore, we have designed a sports competition assistance system based on vague big data and a health exercise recognition algorithm. First of all, in this article, the standard score comparison database is created by extending the standard action data. In addition, the system architecture is further given, and the key 3D data-based acquisition module design is given. In addition, the system architecture is further given, and the basic 3D data acquisition unit design is given. In this document, the depth characteristics filtered by the Fourier Pyramid are fused to the bone characteristics, and the merged data is sorted based on the support engine, thus designing the action recognition unit. A hidden Markov model (HMM) human action recognition algorithm based on pose selection is proposed. This method uses two affine propagation (AP) clustering algorithms to cluster the features, automatically select the key posture of each action, and correspond to the hidden state of the HMM. These hidden state labels are used to initialize the parameters of the HMM to train the model, and the trained model is used to implement action classification. The result shows that the design in the article has a more accurate recognition result, which provides a powerful tool for the referee to score. Using the Fourier Pyramid filtering method, through a large number of health exercises for comparison, the ability to judge the degree of standard health exercises is significantly improved, the efficiency is increased by 25%, and the accuracy rate is increased by 15%.

Model of information technology of remote monitoring with a possibility of control of technological processes and objects

In the paper, the issues of modeling information technology for remote monitoring of technological processes and objects with the ability to control the state of monitoring objects are considered. The main objectives and constraints in the form of ISO/IEC/IIC standards and recommendations have been defined. According to the structural analysis and design methodology, a set of input and output parameters, mechanisms, and constraints affecting operations and data flows have been defined. A conceptual model of information technology for monitoring systems has been built and decomposed in the IDEF0 notation, the possibility of its implementation is shown using the example of a data acquisition unit in the form of an intelligent router that provides collection, processing, temporary storage of data and communication with a data processing server. Figs.: 4, Refs.: 21 titles.

UAV-Borne Hyperspectral Imaging Remote Sensing System Based on Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter for Water Quality Monitoring

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral remote sensing technologies have unique advantages in high-precision quantitative analysis of non-contact water surface source concentration. Improving the accuracy of non-point source detection is a difficult engineering problem. To facilitate water surface remote sensing, imaging, and spectral analysis activities, a UAV-based hyperspectral imaging remote sensing system was designed. Its prototype was built, and laboratory calibration and a joint air–ground water quality monitoring activity were performed. The hyperspectral imaging remote sensing system of UAV comprised a light and small UAV platform, spectral scanning hyperspectral imager, and data acquisition and control unit. The spectral principle of the hyperspectral imager is based on the new high-performance acousto-optic tunable (AOTF) technology. During laboratory calibration, the spectral calibration of the imaging spectrometer and image preprocessing in data acquisition were completed. In the UAV air–ground joint experiment, combined with the typical water bodies of the Yangtze River mainstream, the Three Gorges demonstration area, and the Poyang Lake demonstration area, the hyperspectral data cubes of the corresponding water areas were obtained, and geometric registration was completed. Thus, a large field-of-view mosaic and water radiation calibration were realized. A chlorophyl-a (Chl-a) sensor was used to test the actual water control points, and 11 traditional Chl-a sensitive spectrum selection algorithms were analyzed and compared. A random forest algorithm was used to establish a prediction model of water surface spectral reflectance and water quality parameter concentration. Compared with the back propagation neural network, partial least squares, and PSO-LSSVM algorithms, the accuracy of the RF algorithm in predicting Chl-a was significantly improved. The determination coefficient of the training samples was 0.84; root mean square error, 3.19 μg/L; and mean absolute percentage error, 5.46%. The established Chl-a inversion model was applied to UAV hyperspectral remote sensing images. The predicted Chl-a distribution agreed with the field observation results, indicating that the UAV-borne hyperspectral remote sensing water quality monitoring system based on AOTF is a promising remote sensing imaging spectral analysis tool for water.

Laser Actuated Non-Invasive Smart Instrumentation - Enabling Lab-on-Chip

Non-invasive optical instrumentation provides non-destructive, reliable, and precise control in industrial process regulation, especially when chemical compounds or organic material surfaces are always a point of care. Nanomaterial dynamics intrinsically exhibit higher order of visual scanning complexities, associate wholly or partially to the poor scanning instrumentations. Additionally, growing trends in analytical instrumentation towards smart Lab-On-a-Chip (IoT sensing nodes) have shifted the emphasis on sensitivity and robustness tailoring Product Specific Environment (PSE). This work presents a hybrid laser actuated scanning mechanism, rastered back and forth 3-D imaging technique enabling Microscopy to its widest application in biological and material sciences and hence rose challenge of predicting large missing or incorrect data obtained during experiments. Our Confocal Self Calibrated Interferometry based fabricated Laser Sensor demonstrates its efficacy in non-invasive scanning microscopy to achieve a high-resolution 3D topographical view, eventually an add-on to the analytical model of microorganisms and nanomaterial. In contrast to linear controllers, PI controllers demonstrate better stability in controlling the laser leakage at tip, which consists of two channel tube adjustments and successively in laser reflector lens, Photo Multiplier Tube (PMT), and Data Acquisition Unit (DAU). We expose our results for error propagation across various grid patterns over a 1mm² section, plotting the intensity of a key band or bands over the PMT grid. We observe that the instrumentation errors can be nullified by modeling the ergodicity of information flow along with the SLM instrumentation.

Investigating the Performance of a Laboratory Dynamometer for a Three-wheeler Engine Test Rig

The dynamometer is to mimics driving condition in an indoor controlled condition measuring engine output parameters like speed, torque, power, combustion conditions and exhaust compositions. However, the complexity and dynamics involved in the making of this instrument makes it unaffordable for student research except it is funded. This work reports an innovative method adopted to measure a three-wheeler engine output parameters. An automobile vehicle dynamo was adopted which requires low speed and outputs high torque. Driving conditions were incorporated as brakes for the dynamo which mimics the driving terrains experienced by the engine. A data acquisition unit capable of converting the electrical signals into readable values on a screen and a user interface on a PC completed the dynamometer development. The dynamometer was then calibrated against known output values of speed and torque. A three-wheeler engine was mounted on a test rig and the dynamometer was used to measure output speed, torque and energy dissipated. A Bajaj engine was mounted and the engine output tested for two types of transmission of manual and continuously variable transmission. The measured output from the engine showed that the developed dynamometer performed effectively and therefore be adopted for use for student research in this area. Keywords— dynamometer, load, speed, terrain, torque.

Application of three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography in urban zones by arbitrary electrode distribution survey design

One of the most widely used geophysical surveying techniques in the urban environment is the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method. However, traditional ERT can only utilize regular grid and equidistant electrode layouts. Furthermore, all electrodes must be connected by long cables, and the existence of obstacles in urban environments makes it challenging to implement such layouts. We therefore present an optimized 3D ERT survey design consisting of arbitrarily distributed electrodes. We use the dipole-dipole array as the data acquisition unit. Each unit is independent and can be randomly distributed and adjusted in length. The unit can be used as a current or potential electrode as required. In this way, the limitations of grids and cables can be eliminated. Arbitrary distribution does not mean doing whatever you want. Must follow the basic principles of the geoelectric method. Based on this, we have formulated a set of reasonable procedures in the survey design, including the ‘main-sub unit’ and the ‘effective measurement circle’, which make the surveying system run more quickly and accurately. We select a complex urban area with partial prior information as the field sample to verify our survey design. This approach can effectively avoid the disadvantages of the traditional ERT method and obtain correct and effective results in a complex urban environment.

A Large-Scale Model Test System for Stability Study of Tunnel Under Static-Dynamic Load

In order to study the stability of tunnels under static-dynamic load, a new large-scale static-dynamic model test system was developed. The system was composed of a static loading unit, a dynamic loading unit, a data acquisition unit and a test bench, which were specially designed to overcome the technical problems of large-scale static-dynamic model test, such as dynamic loading and control, high-rate strain measurement and easy operation. The system used a model of 3600 × 3600 × 2500 mm in size to study a larger load disturbance area than static tests. It can accurately apply three-dimensional gradient static stress and dynamic load with adjustable amplitude (or magnitude), frequency and waveform to simulate the true geo-stress field and disturbance field, and accurately and rapidly collect displacement, stress, strain, velocity, acceleration and other important parameters of the model. In addition, it was convenient to adjust the scale of the model, remove and retain the test model. The system was used to carry out a static load model test and a static-dynamic load model test with a tunnel as a prototype. The results of the tests were consistent with the numerical results by FLAC-3D, which proved the reliability and accuracy of the system.

Development of autonomous monitoring and performance evaluation system of grid-tied photovoltaic station

This work aims to improve the existing monitoring systems MS for two grid-connected PV stations GCPVS of URERMS ADRAR, to eliminate its limitations. This improvement consists of developing an MS which is used for two PV stations with different configurations. This MS contains new LabVIEW-based monitoring software for visualizing real-time measured data and evaluating GCPVS performance. In addition, it illustrates the 2D and 3D real-time relationships of PV system parameters, which allow us to understand the dynamic behavior of PV system components. This developed monitoring software synchronizes also the various data acquisition units DAU of GCPVS, allowing simultaneous data access.To perform a reliable performance analysis and a comparative study of different GCPVS based on accurate measurements, the sensor's calibration is performed with its DAU. The MS autonomy is ensured by integrating developed PV-UPS. A graphical user interface is provided for the evaluation of PV-UPS performance.

A design implementation of the Central Process Module for an In-Beam PET in HICTD

To monitor the irradiation dose and position accurately delivered to patient during particle therapy in Heavy-Ion Cancer Therapy Device (HICTD) in Lanzhou, China, an In-Beam Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has been designed as a detection device to obtain time, energy and position information of gamma ray generated from the annihilation event, which is equipped at the beam line of HICTD. Sixteen detection blocks are adopted to construct a Dual-Head Planar-Type detector array in the In-Beam PET, and each detection block is composed of pixel detection elements. Data Acquisition Unit (DAQU) is employed as the processing module to process and digitize signals from detection blocks. Each DAQU faces a pair of detection blocks, there are eight DAQUs in total in this PET at present. A Central Processor Module (CPM) developed for the detector array is presented in this paper. CPM has two crucial functions: first it is as a hub to connect with all DAQUs through the optical links for data transfer and state control, second it is as a data process engine which collects data from different DAQUs and sorts the events into the chronological order for coincidence event discrimination, and then interfaces both control signals and event data to a host server through PCIe interface for image reconstruction. A novel parallel sorting algorithm has been explored and adopted in CPM, which can effectively sort the valid events detected by detection blocks. The key performance of the CPM has been evaluated in experiments. It can handle the events up to 16 million per second at least, which is capable of sorting and discriminating coincidence events efficiently.

Experimental investigation on the dynamic response of additive manufactured PETG composite beams reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite nanoclay and short carbon fiber

AbstractIn this study, the experimental results of the modal analysis of additive manufactured glycol‐modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) based composites reinforced with short carbon fibers and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoclay (NC) is presented. The raw materials are compounded and extruded using the twin‐screw extruder. The specimens in the beam form are prepared through the fused deposition modeling process, one of the prominent additive manufacturing techniques. The individual and combined effect of reinforcing OMMT nanoclay and short carbon fibers on the natural frequencies and damping factors of PETG composite is investigated by varying their weight percentages. Further, a comparative study is made with the vibration response of pure PETG beam as well. The experimental set‐up constituted of an accelerometer, impact hammer, and data acquisition unit is used for vibration studies. Two different boundary conditions, viz. cantilever and clamped constraints, have been incorporated in this investigation. The experimental results reveal that boundary conditions and the weight percentage of reinforcements play a vital role in deciding the frequency and damping parameters of the PETG composite beam.

Patient health monitoring system using IoT

Healthcare monitoring systems have been one of the most important system in the last decade, and they have become increasingly technological. Humans are facing various issue and untimely death due to multiple illness, due to a lack of medical treatment for patients. To overcome this issue a real time health monitoring system has proposed based on IOT. The proposed system consists of mobile application and GSM for continuous wireless monitoring of patients. The main aim is to create a dependable patient management system based on IoT so that healthcare professionals can monitor their patients who are either hospitalized or at home using an IOT based integrated healthcare system to ensure quality patient care. Sensors are used to track vital parameters, and the data collected by the sensors is sent to the cloud via a WiFi module. A wireless healthcare monitoring system has created that can provide real time online information about a patients conditions. The system is made up of sensors, a data acquisition unit, a microcontroller (i.e. ESP32) and software. The patients temperature, heart beat rate, ECG, blood pressure and SPO2 are regularly monitored, displayed and stored by the system and the same has been sent to the doctors mobile containing the application. Additionally a message is sent to the doctors mobile if any of the parameter crosses the threshold value. Thus, IOT based real time health monitoring system systematically monitor the condition of patients health and save their life on time.

Assessment of the Effectiveness of Different Safety Measures at Tunnel Lay-Bys and Portals to Protect Occupants in Passenger Cars

Tunnel portals and tunnel lay-bys are hazardous spots for road users. Different infrastructure safety measures are in use, but the protection level is not known. In this study the following safety measures for reducing the injury risk are investigated: angular positioned 4 m and 8 m concrete barrier, crash cushion Alpina F1-50 and Alpina <prototype> crash cushion. A passenger car equipped with a data acquisition unit is accelerated to 100 km/h and impacts the safety measure. The assessment of the latter is based on the EN 1317 criteria, specifically the Acceleration Severity Index (ASI), Theoretical Head Impact Velocity (THIV). Further assessment criteria are related to intrusions into the passenger compartment and post-crash motion. The best result in terms of ASI and THIV was achieved by the 8 m (ASI: 1.6, THIV: 30 km/h) concrete barrier. The crash cushion Alpina <prototype> showed good results for the ASI (1.8) but the THIV (57 km/h) was less satisfactory, while the angular positioned 4 m concrete barrier (ASI: 2.9, THIV: 53 km/h) and the crash cushion Alpina F1-50 (ASI: 3.3, THIV: 74 km/h) performed worst. Even though some of the measures showed good results, no protection measure tested currently complies with all the assessment criteria used.

FPGA-based multi-channel data acquisition system for Superheated Emulsion Detectors

A 10-channel Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based Data Acquisition (DAQ) system is developed for Superheated Emulsion Detectors (SEDs). The key features of the acquisition system are 12-bit resolution, a sampling rate of 500 KS/s/ch, triggered acquisition, user-programmable threshold, simultaneous acquisition and pre-post trigger adjustment. The indigenously developed compact DAQ unit consists of Analog Signal Processing modules, Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) boards and an FPGA board. The system is standalone, portable and interfaced to PC through UART. A data acquisition software is developed using LabVIEW for data logging and online representation. The DAQ unit is tested with a superheated emulsion detector. A capacitive diaphragm sensor is used to convert the acoustic pulses into electrical signals. The manuscript describes the design, hardware and software architecture, implementation and test results of the DAQ system.

Novel gas measurement based on pressure triggered release cycles for biochemical methane potential tests

Abstract This study aims to present a novel gas counter and to demonstrate its suitability for biochemical methane potential tests. In this system, the gas to be measured is collected in a chamber enclosed with two one-way solenoid valves and the absolute pressure is continuously monitored. After a trigger pressure is reached, a portion of the gas is released and the amount of the released gas is calculated according to ideal gas law and recorded. Three iterations of the supervisory control and data acquisition unit were constructed and tested for BMP measurement. Although it can be further improved and variations are possible, the presented final version works with eight reactors simultaneously and the recommended maximum gas flow is 1.24 mL/min. For those reactors, the measured/theoretical BMP ratio was 65.3% with 4.2% standard uncertainty, which is subjectively acceptable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the concept is valid and applicable to BMP tests.