Data Acquisition Program Research Articles

Supervisory system for automated simulated moving bed (SMB) liquid chromatography (LC)

Praziquantel (PZQ) is a racemic mixture prescribed for Schistosomiasis disease treatment. However, only the enantiomer (R)-PZQ presents demonstrated efficiency against infirmity; the (S)-PZQ causes sickness and vomiting due to its bitter taste. The simulated moving bed chromatography system (SMB) is a well-established separation process applied in many branches of the chemical industry from drug purification stages to food processing systems. In order to implement and operate an SMB for the PZQ separation, allowing the production of medication with proven efficiency and without side effects, a LabVIEW supervisory system was developed. The automated software remotely controlled all equipment in the operational unit, such as automatic pumps, multi-position valves for flow rate alignments, and a chiral detector. Two experiments were conducted to characterize the system’s operational properties and efficiency. The first set of results demonstrated that the data acquisition programming retrieved information constantly, evidencing a direct correlation between the internal liquid pressure and the valve system position, with mean pressure values of approximately 50 bar. The second set of results demonstrated the SMB efficiency, with the raffinate stream producing (R)-PZQ of 100% purity.

Radon (222Rn) levels in thermal waters of the geothermally active Campi Flegrei volcanic caldera (Southern Italy): A framework study using a RAD7 radon detector

The present investigation provides measurements of radon (222Rn) concentration levels in 20 thermal waters at the Campi Flegrei volcanic caldera, an important geothermal system with hydrothermal manifestations in the Neapolitan area (Southern Italy). We used a RAD7® Radon-in-air detector equipped with Big Bottle RAD H2O and DRYSTIK accessories (Durridge Co. Inc.). Water samples with different chemical and/or physical conditions, not used as drink waters, are taken from continental thermal groundwaters, springs, lakes, pools and one submerged thermal spring. The waters are mostly chlorine to bicarbonate, except of a few sulphate types sampled at the hydrothermal discharge areas of Solfatara and Pisciarelli, central in the caldera. Water temperature and pH values range from 18.1 to 91.3 °C and from 2 to 8, respectively.Sampling and measurement of radon in groundwater are complicated by the high volatility of the gas; a method is here proposed. In some of the 20 sites double or triple samples were collected by using different volume polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, diluting sample with blank water, and modifying flow of pumped wells. We suggest that dilution can be considered when water is i) not enough to fill in the PET, resulting in large head space in the sampler, ii) too hot determining damage of the PET or iii) too saline to clog the Big Bottle System.Dissolved radon concentrations vary from 0.1 ± 0.1 to 1146 ± 57 Bq/L with an average value of 152 Bq/L, using the CAPTURE program, the default RAD7 data acquisition program. Similar values in radon concentration are obtained using the method proposed in De Simone et al. (2015) ranging between 0.1 ± 5.8 and 1286 ± 98 Bq/L with an average value of 167 Bq/L. The hottest and most acidic sulphate waters refer to a small boiling pool at Pisciarelli hydrothermal discharge area and have nearly zero 222Rn content.222Rn concentrations from this study are mostly below the reference level of 1000 Bq/L recommended for human health protection by the European Commission and the most adopted in the scientific community (Catão et al., 2022). No correlation has been observed between temperature, pH, major anions and radon content values, nor between rock composition since it is almost homogeneous trachyte at the study sites. 222Rn levels therefore appear to reflect the local sedimentological, structural or hydrogeological conditions.The levels of 222Rn here presented are an important background for the scientific community that will intend to define the natural fluctuations of dissolved 222Rn in relation with seasons, environment, hydrogeology or volcanic dynamics at the geohazardous Campi Flegrei area.

Real-Time Wireless Pressure Sensing System for Stall and Loading Measurements in the Rotating Frame of Reference for a Low Speed Compressor

In this paper the fabrication and characterization of a novel wireless pressure sensor system that can monitor and report real-time changes in pressure on the rotor blade of a low speed axial compressor is demonstrated. The pressure sensor was positioned on the second-stage rotor at approximately the mid-span location on the pressure surface of the blade near the leading edge and hard wired to a circuit box located on the center line of the compressor drum. The output of the pressure sensor is converted from a voltage to a frequency and transmitted wirelessly via circularly polarized antenna to a stationary antenna that was approximately 1 meter away, mounted at the centerline location on the inlet cart. The output signal was recorded on a spectrum analyzer with a LabVIEW program for data acquisition. Compressor rotation was ramped from 0 RPM up to its design speed of 1000 RPM and the airflow was decreased by closure of downstream throttle valve until the compressor stalled. The measurements from the wireless pressure system show increasing pressure as compressor flow rate is decreased, until a precipitous drop in pressure occurs which signals that the compressor has stalled.

Artificial Intelligence Based Determination of Cracks in Eggshell Using Sound Signals

Although the egg is a cheap food source, it is one of the valuable nutritional sources for people because of its rich nutritional values. It is also among the most consumed foods in daily nutrition. With the increase in egg production, it is very difficult to collect them with the human power in the egg production farms, to classify them according to their weights and to separate the defective (dirty and broken) eggs. Therefore, the mechanization has become a necessity in large capacity production farms. Cracks and fractures may occur in the egg shell as a result of exposure to external factors such as the transportation of eggs. The cracks or fractures that are formed leave the egg vulnerable to disease-causing micro-organisms. Before the egg sorting and packing, the broken and cracked eggs must be separated. This process is commonly carried out with manpower by which it is very difficult to obtain the necessary efficiency. In this study, the egg crack detection was performed by using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). As a result of the application of studied methods, the accuracy values of crack detection process were 0.99 for ANN and 1 for SVM. In addition, a data acquisition and processing program was developed in LABVIEW environment to detect cracks in real time.

Evaluation Method of Financial Internal Control in Colleges and Universities Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology

The internal financial control of colleges and universities is the main tool to restrain the behavior of financial managers. With the improvement of the economic operation efficiency of colleges and universities, the application effect of internal control management system is poor. Therefore, the evaluation method of the university financial internal control based on artificial intelligence technology is proposed. First put forward the artificial intelligence technology in the application of financial internal control in colleges and universities, and then construct the financial internal organizational structure, on this basis, to meet the enormous workload processing requirements, the creation of financial internal control evaluation in colleges and universities, the chain at the same time use of financial system of general function, the university financial internal control evaluation data output to the financial system. The data acquisition program is used to obtain the relevant data in the evaluation report so as to realize the evaluation of internal financial control in colleges and universities under the artificial intelligence technology. The experimental results show that the evaluation acceleration is faster with the increase of the evaluation time of the key elements. The evaluation effect is the best; the closest to the ideal value of 0.01, and the error detection rate curve is relatively stable, with good effect.

Discrepancy between the Actions of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Ligands in the Protection of the Heart against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.

Tirzepatide is a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist and a promising therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GLP-1 is an incretin hormone with therapeutic potential beyond type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by dipeptdyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) to GLP-1 (9-36). Exendin-4 (Ex-4) is a DPP-IV-resistant GLP-1 receptor agonist which, when truncated to Ex-4 (9-39), acts as a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. In the present study, hearts isolated from Wistar rats (n = 8 per group) were perfused with a modified Langendorff preparation. Left ventricular (LV) contractility and cardiovascular hemodynamics were evaluated by a data acquisition program and infarct size was evaluated by 2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and cardiac enzyme levels. Hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia, produced by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery followed by 30 min reperfusion. Hearts were treated during reperfusion with either the non-lipidated precursor of tirzepatide (NLT), GLP-1, GLP-1 (9-36), or Ex-4 in the presence or absence of Ex-4 (9-39). Infusion of GLP-1 (9-36) or Ex-4 protected the heart against I/R injury (p > 0.01) by normalizing cardiac hemodynamic and enzyme levels. Neither GLP-1, NLT, nor Ex-4 (9-39) showed any protection. Interestingly, Ex-4 (9-39) blocked Ex-4-mediated protection but not that of GLP-1 (9-36). These data suggest that Ex-4-mediated protection is GLP-1-receptor-dependent but GLP-1 (9-36)-mediated protection is not.

Utilizing LiDAR data to map tree canopy for urban ecosystem extent and condition accounts in Oslo

LiDAR-based segmentation of urban tree canopies and their physical properties (canopy height, canopy diameter, 3D surface and volume) is a replicable, complementary and useful information source for urban ecosystem condition accounts, and an important basis for ecosystem service modeling and valuation. However, using available LiDAR data collected for municipal purposes other than vegetation mapping (such as for example engineering) entails a level of accuracy which may limit the usefulness of the data for change detection in ecosystem accounts. To account for changes in the urban tree canopy of Oslo (capital city of Norway) between 2011 and 2017, a segmentation model was developed based on available airborne LiDAR data scanned for general purposes. The results from the entire built-up area of Oslo indicate a general increase in the number of tall trees (>15 m) and a moderate increase in the number of small trees (<15 m), with the exception of trees between 6 and 10 m which seem to have a relatively constant development over the given period. The total tree canopy area within the built-up area increased by 17.15%, with a corresponding 21.35% increase in the tree canopy volume. The results for the Small House plan area, a policy focus area subject to urban densification and special regulations for felling of large trees, indicate a large increase in small trees (<10 m) and a moderate decrease in tall trees (>10 m). The total tree canopy area within the Small House plan area decreased by 1.04%, with a corresponding 2.13% decrease in the tree canopy volume. With respect to the segmentation accuracy, the changes in aggregate tree canopy cover are too small to determine canopy change with confidence. This study demonstrates the potential for identifying ecosystem condition indicators as well as the limitations of using general purpose LiDAR data to improve the precision of urban ecosystem accounting. For future ecosystem service accounting in urban environments, we recommend that municipalities implement data acquisition programs that combine concurrent field data sampling and LiDAR campaigns designed for urban tree canopy detection, as part of general urban structural inventorying. We recommend using LiDAR and satellite remote sensing data depending on canopy densities. We also recommend that future tree canopy segmentation is done within a cloud-computing environment to ensure sufficient geoprocessing capacity.

Design of robust power system for frequency control in industrial sectors for enhancing science education

The technique of remote monitoring of different gadgets and machinery in process plants businesses is catching on in the decades to come. Constant progress has been made in industrial automation development thanks to remote monitoring and diagnosis, which is done almost entirely through computers and the Internet. - A conventionally used SCADA system in the electricity system uses voltage and frequency as their primary system monitoring parameters, which are checked consecutively at regular intervals. It is feasible to reduce the observed voltage and frequency data to a single string that is then sent to monitoring/control room, where it may be compressed using appropriate data compression methods. To extract the required data from the sent string, use the appropriate decompression method at the receiving end. In order to allow a compressed string to be decoded into the input voltage and frequency, a MATLAB-based system was created that can generate this compressed string and output the voltage and frequency corresponding to the input. Aspects that have emerged as critical design issues in the development of a supervisory control system that is internet-based include latency (delays on the internet), the security of the system, and the design of the interface. In this project, the designers of supervisory control systems, namely, internet latency and security, faced all of the many design problems found on the Internet. The key objective of this system is to provide automated real-time XML report creation for the online and offline processes. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), and virtual private networks (VPN) all play a part in making automation Internet-based. The software was built utilizing SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) software, PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) applications for controlling the real-time process, and VBA/front page scripts for managing information systems. Utilizing XML encoding and solely using VPN through GSM connection for communication between the server and client, the individual monitoring device may further enhance the system's security.

Building a VME spectrometer and testing Si PIN diode detector: a feasibility study for the first nuclear astrophysical experiments using a pelletron

This work presents the logical design, connections between NIM and VME elec­tronic modules, and the data acquisition programming to build a complete detector readout system. The test experiments were carried out with commercial silicon PIN diode S3590-09 bare detectors bombarded by charged particles from a 241Am α-source and Rutherford elastic backscattering (RBS) protons induced by 2.5 MeV proton beam bombarding on an Au-on-glass target, and with a NaI scintillation detector bombarded by gammas from 27Al(p, γ)28Si reaction with proton beam energy of 1.379 MeV. The test showed that the spectrometer operated steadily and its versatility for different kind of detector. The energy resolutions of the Si diodes were less than 0.5% energy of a charged particle, which satisfies the foreseen requirement for the upcoming experiments.

Research on vehicle performance test based on DirectInput data acquisition

Aiming at the high cost of high-performance driving simulator at present, a low-cost vehicle simulation system with universal applicability was developed based on Microsoft Visual C++6.0 software platform. A data acquisition interface program based on DirectInput components and the real-time data acquisition program of driving operation was designed. Based on the dynamic model of vehicle simulation, a data output conversion model was established for the driver operation input collected in real time. For real-time vehicle dynamics simulation model, the real-time simulation control process was realized, the simulation description and decoding quality of the ground, hanging, no suspension quality coordinate system and the real-time simulation for buses with nine degrees of freedom dynamic model were established. Finally, the real-time and reliability of the simulation system were verified through the simulation test. The experiment results show that the average response time of the simulation system is 11.465ms. Emergency braking time is 4.40s with an error of 4.762%. The braking distance is 70.145m and the error is 5.959%.

Effectiveness of Electrical and Optical Detection at Pixel Circuit on Thin-Film Transistors.

The paper presents a typology of electrical open and short defects on thin-film transistors (TFT) using an electrical tester and automatic optical inspection (AOI). The experiment takes the glass 8.5th generation to detect the electrical characteristics engaged with time delay and integration (TDI) charged-coupled-devices (CCDs), a fast line-scan, and a review CCD with five sets of magnification lenses for further inspection. An automatic data acquisition program (ADAP) controls the open/short (O/S) sensor, TDI-CCD, and motor device for machine vision and statistics of substrate defects simultaneously. Furthermore, the quartz mask installed on AOI verified its optical resolution; a TDI-CCD can grab an image of a moving object during transfers of the charge in synchronous scanning with the object that is significant.

Real-Time Gait Phase Recognition Based on Time Domain Features of Multi-MEMS Inertial Sensors

Gait phase analysis is widely used in disease diagnosis, rehabilitation training, and other fields by studying the characteristics of human gait. It systematically evaluates human body’s skeletal muscles and nerves with combined disciplines. Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensors are extensively used in attitude detection because of its high-precision, portability, and good real-time performance in time-domain analysis. In this article, we presented a multi-degree-of-freedom MEMS gait detection method, which resolved the problems of single sensor and limited gait phase. We designed a sensor-based gait signal acquisition system, in which gait data acquisition program and feature analysis algorithm were compiled to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. We performed coordinate transformation and corrected position information to eliminate the gait phase detection error caused by random noise interference. Acceleration and angular velocity information were collected from 20 experimenters. We applied an adaptive threshold gait phase detection algorithm to classify the gait information collected by single sensor. To improve the results of gait phase classification, we used multisensor redundant measurement to analyze characteristics of five gait phases. The acceleration and angular velocity information collected by the three sensors placed at instep, ankle, and thigh were input into support vector machine (SVM). The classification results of the five gait phases are approximately 90%. Lastly, we built a human body structure model to simulate human motion in real time, realizing the real-time gait phase detection, which proves effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Research on Wireless Water Quality Monitoring Method Based on STM32

Since the 21st century, people’s production and life have caused water pollution to varying degrees, so real-time monitoring of water quality has become crucial. Based on STM32, this paper proposes a water quality monitoring method that can continuously monitor three water quality parameters: water temperature, PH value, and turbidity. The water quality monitoring method is mainly based on the extended circuit of the STM32 series single-chip microcomputer, including PH sensor control circuit module, temperature sensor circuit module, wireless network communication circuit module, turbidity sensor circuit module, etc. Then based on the C language to write the MCU data acquisition program and the PC program developed on the virtual instrument design language platform, the PC program is mainly composed of the main PC and the MCU communication, data analysis and processing, process monitoring and other subroutines. The water quality monitoring method proposed in this paper can detect different water quality in real time through wireless transmission. This new method is not only suitable for the future development of the current water quality monitoring market, but also has a very promising application prospect.

Development of a data acquisition program to measure the exhaust time of a pneumatic valve

This paper deals with development of a data acquisition program to measure the exhaust time of a mechanical actuated pneumatic valve. The volume, which will be exhausted is determined by a so-called end of line testing procedure. The data acquisition unit is an Advantech ADAM 4117 8 channel analogue input module. The measuring and logging program is developed in LabVIEW software. The program provides the data in comma separated value file format for postprocessing opportunities.

Monitoring and controlling of process parameters in the biological phase of wastewater treatment

This article presents the methodology for monitoring and controlling the process parameters of the biological stage of wastewater treatment, through the monitoring, control, and data acquisition program SCADA. The introduction of the SCADA software in the field of wastewater treatment has appeared with the evolution of treatment technologies and increasing legal requirements for the quality of emissions. The implementation of this program brings significant benefits to wastewater treatment plants and facilitates the control and monitoring of the technological process in the wastewater treatment plant. By using this software, the cost of energy consumption can be reduced, the operating time of a treatment plant equipment can be tracked, time faults of the installations can be detected in the treatment plant, can be drawn up working graphs and tables with data from technological process etc. The present study highlights the kinetics of the treatment process in the biological treatment stage of the Iași City Wastewater Treatment Plant and the usefulness of the research performed.

MyNeutronDAQ: A general program for data acquisition of neutron scattering spectrometers at China Mianyang Research Reactor and on‐line data‐analysis

AbstractMyNeutronDAQ, a graphical user interface (GUI) program for data acquisition of neutron scattering spectrometers at China Mianyang Research Reactor (CMRR) and on‐line data‐analysis has been developed. The program is written in Microsoft Visual C++, which runs under Windows operating systems. Based on the characters of the hardware connection and time‐to‐digital converter (TDC) systems of the spectrometers (taking the time‐of‐flight and polarized neutron reflectometer [TPNR] Diting as the example), a valid event identification and screening protocol is embedded into the program. Moreover, the program design and key features of MyNeutronDAQ such as visualization interface, optional output data format, batch mode, and functions of user‐friendly on‐line analysis, are presented. Taking the program specifically for small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) Suanni as the example, specific applications of the MyNeutronDAQ are further presented.

Design of Pneumatic System for Automatic Door Opening and Closing

There are huge steel doors inside mines which are huge and heavy; techniques that can handle such heavy loads have to be used for automatically operating them. From hydraulic to pneumatic systems, multiple techniques are available for actuating heavy loads, but when we deal with mines and tunnels, solutions need to be leak proof, explosion-free and safe. Pneumatic systems offer provides a better alternative in such working conditions. In terms of cost as well, pneumatic systems are substantially cheaper than most other systems. The work is based on an automatic operating mechanism using Directional Control Valves (DCV’s) to facilitate opening and closing of doors from both sides. The FluidSim simulation software is considered for designing the pneumatic circuit diagram. The hardware connections have been further developed based on the simulation obtained. Further design analysis of the mechanism has been considered for the developed hardware. A proposed model for more intelligent design based on Programmable Logic Controllers, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and ultrasonic sensors have been suggested further.

Automation Software for Semiconductor Research Laboratories: Measurement System and Instrument Control Program (SeCLaS-IC)

Metal–semiconductor (MS) contacts are main aspects of almost all electronic circuit elements. Thus, contact mechanism and its electrical properties to develop a faster and more reliable electronic device should be known. The electrical characterization of MS devices (in terms of temperature-dependent and/or independent current–voltage (I–V), capacitance–voltage (C–V) and capacitance–frequency (C–f) measurements) is applied frequently in methods for determining the electrical properties and how it works and what the possible applications are. We prepared a program for basic electrical measurements and parameter extraction from these measurements of MS contacts. It is important to prepare and use such a program for a research laboratory, because electrical measurements must be made quickly after the production process and users should be able to carry out this process easily. This work can be discussed in two separate sections. The first section consists of a measurement system, automated instrument control program and data acquisition program (SeCLaS-IC Semiconductors Laboratory Software—instrument control). The second section is data evaluation and basic electrical parameter extraction program (SeCLaS-PC Semiconductors Laboratory Software—parameter calculation). In this paper, we discussed temperature-dependent current–voltage (I–V–T), capacitance–voltage (C–V–T) and capacitance–frequency (C–V–f) measurement system and instrument control program. This system is comprised of controlling program, liquid nitrogen (LN2)-cooled handmade cryostat system, temperature measurement system, and Keysight B2912A Precision Source/Measure Unit (SMU) and Keysight E4980A Precision LCR Meter. All programs were developed using Keysight VEE Pro (Visual Engineering Environment) software (Formerly Agilent VEE Pro).

Respiratory-Swallow Training Methods: Accuracy of Automated Detection of Swallow Onset, Respiratory Phase, Lung Volume at Swallow Onset, and Real-Time Performance Feedback Tested in Healthy Adults.

Background Preliminary studies have shown that respiratory-swallow training (RST) is a successful treatment for oropharyngeal head and neck cancer patients with refractory dysphagia. Refining the RST protocol with automated analysis software to provide real-time performance feedback has the potential to improve accessibility, reproducibility, and translation to diverse clinical settings. Method An automated software program for data acquisition and analysis developed to detect swallows, determine respiratory phase, calculate lung volume at the onset of the swallow, and provide real-time performance feedback was tested for feasibility in a small cohort of healthy adults. Outcome Measures Percent difference in swallow detection and accuracy of real-time performance feedback of respiratory phase and lung volume at swallowing onset between the automated software and the manual gold standard method were determined. Results The automated software program accurately detected the onset of the swallow on 91% of the swallows completed during the training trials. Feedback of respiratory phase and lung volume was accurate on 94% of the trials in which the swallow was accurately detected. Conclusions This novel, automated, and real-time RST software successfully detected the onset of the swallow, respiratory phase, and lung volume at swallow onset and provided appropriate real-time performance feedback with a high degree of accuracy in healthy adults. The software has the potential to improve the accessibility, efficiency, and translation of RST to diverse patient populations.

Detachment plasma achieved based on active temperature feedback system in EAST

The infrared (IR) thermography diagnostic has recently been upgraded to achieve real-time temperature measurement and feedback capability in the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST). A new control and data acquisition program for IR camera is developed with online temperature calibration and compensation. Reflective memory (RFM) is configured in the data acquisition system for real-time data transmission to the plasma control system (PCS). Based on the upgraded IR thermography diagnostic, detachment plasma has been achieved for the first time in EAST with active temperature feedback. The divertor impurity seeding system is used to inject a sequence of short neon impurity pulses with 50% D2 to increase the edge radiation of the plasma particles. The temperature of the divertor target plates decreases to the preset target value and the divertor detachment has been realized with no serious reduction of plasma stored energy and confinement observed in the temperature feedback control phase. As a new feedback control method, the IR temperature feedback control shows great application prospects for the temperature and heat flux control of the first wall components in future long pulse operation of EAST.