Data Acquisition Nodes Research Articles

Energy-Efficient Prediction Clustering Algorithm for Multilevel Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

In designing wireless sensor networks, it is important to reduce energy dissipation and prolong network lifetime. This paper presents research on the existing clustering algorithm applied in heterogeneous sensor networks and then puts forward an energy-efficient prediction clustering algorithm, which is adaptive to sensor networks with energy and objects heterogeneous. This algorithm enables the nodes to select the cluster head according to factors such as energy and communication cost, thus the nodes with higher residual energy have higher probability to become a cluster head than those with lower residual energy, so that the network energy can be dissipated uniformly. In order to reduce energy consumption when broadcasting in clustering phase and prolong network lifetime, an energy consumption prediction model is established for regular data acquisition nodes. Simulation results show that compared with current clustering algorithms, this algorithm can achieve longer sensor network lifetime, higher energy efficiency, and superior network monitoring quality.

The Application of New Automatic Weather Station in Power System

Aiming at special demanding of weather monitoring in power system, an application project was designed basing on new type distributed and smart automatic weather station (AWS) Defects such as fixed hardware configuration and centralized data acquisition are overcome in new AWS. With distributed data acquisition node, AWS can extend and add new sensors for disaster forecasting of lightning, strong gale, icing of transmission line and insulators contamination flashover in power system and it is also convenient for evaluation of wind energy, solar energy and for power load forecasting. Using protective power supply to each node, AWS has high performance of lightning protection, which will not let system breakdown for any node crash. Three-stage automatic self-checking for node state is included, which can make failure diagnosis efficient. Data quality checking node is created in new AWS. It can provide data self-checking function and improve reliability of data from unattended AWS. Finally, application models of monitoring data are introduced. New type AWS is fit for system with many sensors or large amount of data flow. And this project can supply accurate, adequate and real-time data for weather disaster prevention and other applications in power system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i2.1990

The Electric Quantity Data Acquisition System Based on Wireless Sensor Network

This paper introduces an electric quantity data acquisition system based on WSN, and a special algorithm which is used in multi-channel electric data acquisition is also introduced. In this algorithm, a large number of hardware circuits are replaced by software functions, the design of the hardware is simplified, and it is of practical value. The system includes pulse kilowatt-hour meters, Data Acquisition(DAQ), data concentrators , Server and Zigbee network nodes (Router and Coordinator) and so on. This paper explains the structure of Zigbee network, the network features of DRF1605H Zigbee module, the special algorithm of electric quantity data acquisition, the structure of WSN electric quantity data acquisition system, the design of electric quantity data acquisition hardware and software and so on. After designing and implementing this system, the electric quantity data acquisition, the data transmission between each ZigBee node and the ability of anti-interference are tested. The results of each test show that each part of the system works properly and meets the original requirements of the design. From the running condition of the system, the system for electric quantity data acquisition and transmission has some characteristics such as a simple structure, accurate data, a strong anti-interference ability, high reliability of WSN, easy maintenance, good scalability and so on, which indicate it has a promising application future. This system helps to plan the use of electricity and dispatch the power. Not only is the electric energy management automation level improved, but also manpower and material resources are saved, leading to remarkable economical benefits.

A New Design of Distributed and Smart Automatic Weather Station

Aiming at development and requirement of environmental monitoring, automatic weather station (AWS) must be more powerful and reliable. With distributed data acquisition nodes, new AWS extends and adds new sensors easily. Using protective power supply to each node, new system has high performance of lightning protection, which will not let system breakdown for any node crash. Three-stage automatic self-checking for node state is included, which makes failure diagnosis efficient. Data quality checking node is created in the new design. By databases and correlation models, it provides data self-checking functions for unattended AWS. Defects of old design such as fixed hardware configuration and centralized data acquisition are overcome. Flexibility and stability of AWS are improved, and data reliability of unattended AWS is improved.

TRACKING VEHICLE IN GSM NETWORK TO SUPPORT INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Abstract. The penetration of GSM capable devices is very high, especially in Europe. To exploit the potential of turning these mobile devices into dynamic data acquisition nodes that provides valuable data for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), position information is needed. The paper describes the basic operation principles of the GSM system and provides an overview on the existing methods for deriving location data in the network. A novel positioning solution is presented that rely on handover (HO) zone measurements; the zone geometry properties are also discussed. A new concept of HO zone sequence recognition is introduced that involves application of Probabilistic Deterministic Finite State Automata (PDFA). Both the potential commercial applications and the use of the derived position data in ITS is discussed for tracking vehicles and monitoring traffic flow. As a practical cutting edge example, the integration possibility of the technology in the SafeTRIP platform (developed in an EC FP7 project) is presented.

Calibration method of the time synchronization error of many data acquisition nodes in the chained system

Time synchronization is very important in a distributed chained seismic acquisition system with a large number of data acquisition nodes (DANs). The time synchronization error has two causes. On the one hand, there is a large accumulated propagation delay when commands propagate from the analysis and control system to multiple distant DANs, which makes it impossible for different DANs to receive the same command synchronously. Unfortunately, the propagation delay of commands (PDCs) varies in different application environments. On the other hand, the phase jitter of both the master clock and the clock recovery phase-locked loop, which is designed to extract the timing signal, may also cause the time synchronization error. In this paper, in order to achieve accurate time synchronization, a novel calibration method is proposed which can align the PDCs of all of the DANs in real time and overcome the time synchronization error caused by the phase jitter. Firstly, we give a quantitative analysis of the time synchronization error caused by both the PDCs and the phase jitter. Secondly, we propose a back and forth model (BFM) and a transmission delay measurement method (TDMM) to overcome these difficulties. Furthermore, the BFM is designed as the hardware configuration to measure the PDCs and calibrate the time synchronization error. The TDMM is used to measure the PDCs accurately. Thirdly, in order to overcome the time synchronization error caused by the phase jitter, a compression and mapping algorithm (CMA) is presented. Finally, based on the proposed BFM, TDMM and CMA, a united calibration algorithm is developed to overcome the time synchronization error caused by both the PDCs and the phase jitter. The simulation experiment results show the effectiveness of the calibration method proposed in this paper.

Study on Machinery Vibration Data Acquisition Node Based on Wireless Sensor Network

Aiming at wireless sensor network technology be imported to the mechanical equipment failure monitoring system, firstly introduce the characteristics of the wireless sensor network technology, and design a kind of wireless equipment vibration data acquisition node, Put forward the whole scheme for node. The most important to be introduced is the choice of the sensor, the core processor and communications chip and the design of hardware electrocircuit, finally give the software design of the data acquisition node.

Design of Gateway for Farmland Water Potential Soft-Sensing Network for the Collection of Crop Micro-Environment Information

The farmland water potential (FWP) soft-sensing network is responsible for the collection of crop micro-environment information and overall estimates the value of FWP. It is made up of an embedded gateway and several wireless micro-environment information acquisition nodes. According to the data transmission requirements of FWP soft-sensing network, the gateway can be able to complete the data transmission between data acquisition nodes and the remote monitoring center. It employed wireless router module CC2530 and Wi-Fi module as well as the processor S3C6410 as core parts, and built the hardware system; also the gateway built software system through the embedded Linux operating system, and wrote a suitable communication protocol so as to achieve connectivity between WSN and Ethernet. In practical application, the gateway works well

Switched Ethernet in Synchronized Distributed Control Systems Using RTnet

We adopt a model of a real-time distributed network where the synchronization is done by an external timing network that triggers the acquisitions. A Switched Ethernet is used to send the synchronously sampled data from nodes to nodes to perform the distributed control algorithm. In order to guarantee low latencies and jitter, the traffic on the Switched Ethernet must be carefully analyzed to be able to correctly model closed-loop systems and potentially identify events that might lead to large delays or even packet losses. In this paper we discuss the most relevant results from a testbed control network with synchronous data acquisition nodes. A switched Gigabit Ethernet is adopted and each node uses RTnet running in a RTAI/Linux Operating System. To resolve the problem of timing uncertainties at the data link layer, we propose a new custom solution based on a TDMA discipline.

Architecture of a silicon strip beam position monitor

A collaboration between Fermilab and the Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, has developed a beam position monitor for the IHEP test beam facility. This telescope is based on 5 stations of silicon strip detectors having a pitch of 60 microns. The total active area of each layer of the detector is about 12x10 cm2. Readout of the strips is provided through the use of VA1` ASICs mounted on custom hybrid printed circuit boards and interfaced to Adapter Cards via copper-over-kapton flexible circuits. The Adapter Cards amplify and level-shift the signal for input to the Fermilab CAPTAN data acquisition nodes for data readout and channel configuration. These nodes deliver readout of triggered events and temperature data to an analysis computer over gigabit Ethernet links.

A generic readout environment for prototype pixel detectors

Pixel detectors for experimental particle physics research have been implemented with a variety of readout formats and potentially generate massive amounts of data. Examples include the PSI46 device for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment which implements an analog readout, the Fermilab FPIX2.1 device with a digital readout, and the Fermilab Vertically Integrated Pixel device. The Electronic Systems Engineering Department of the Computing Division at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has developed a data acquisition system flexible and powerful enough to meet the various needs of these devices to support laboratory test bench as well as test beam applications. The system is called CAPTAN (Compact And Programmable daTa Acquisition Node) and is characterized by its flexibility, versatility and scalability by virtue of several key architectural features. These include a vertical bus that permits the user to stack multiple boards, a gigabit Ethernet link that permits high speed communications to the system and a core group of boards that provide specific processing and readout capabilities for the system. System software based on distributed computing techniques supports an expandable network of CAPTANs. In this paper, we describe the system architecture and give an overview of its capabilities.

Wireless Sensors with Advanced Detection and Prognostic Capabilities for Corrosion Health Management

Analatom, Inc. is developing the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system using its Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) corrosion sensors combined with a Texas Instruments MSP430 microprocessor for lower weight, lower power, higher sensitivity, and lower cost than conventional sensor systems. The system provides both strain and corrosion measurements in a package a few mils thick. This combination of data provides critical assessment of structural health, leading to prediction of failure. The MEMS sensors are permanently installed in a highvalued structure, such as a building, bridge or aircraft, and are connected to a data acquisition node. Data transmission and downloading uses a MaxStream ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 compliant chip for a wireless, self-organizing network that has low power requirements. The sensor network provides a low-cost, non-intrusive way to detect failures, or to signal ahead of time that preventative maintenance needs to be undertaken to prevent future more expensive replacement. Analatom, Inc. has developed the basic technology for a Portable Maintenance Support Tool (PMST). The device is unique and novel in that it uses a Micro Controller Unit in a handheld device to perform data analysis whilst maintaining a link with a Personal Computer based database for further support. The handheld prototype with a Liquid Crystal Display (LED) touch screen GUI takes readings from a variety of sensors and transfers the data wirelessly to a central PC hub. The handheld unit using the downloaded data from the sensor network can then provide a graphic display and additionally transfer those data to a workstation for further data analysis. Analatom, Inc. builds on its corrosion system platform (sensors, data acquisition unit, data storage) to develop a multiplexed system to obtain data from a variety of sensors, while further developing real time intelligent algorithms to monitor corrosion rates.

Distributed On-Line System for Process Plant Monitoring

This paper describes a methodology for monitoring industrial processes and plant that can be implemented cost-effectively within small-to-medium enterprises. The methodology is based on a network of 8-bit microcontrollers that communicate with each other on a controller area network bus. Ethernet connectivity is provided so that remote users can access the system on the internet. The software models developed for data acquisition nodes and the design of remote user interfaces and supervisory nodes are also explained. The system is aimed at providing specific maintenance guidance and fault identification, rather than gathering data for off-line analysis. Overly complicated processing is avoided to make real-time implementation possible, using 8-bit microcontrollers. The methodology emphasizes the use of process controller signals for fault detection and sensor signals for fault isolation. The suitability of the methodology is explored by acquiring signals from a laboratory-based process rig. Suitable monitoring techniques for the system in time and frequency domains are also discussed.

A low cost, fully integrated, event-driven, real-time control and data acquisition system for fusion experiments

A new, real-time, distributed, control and data acquisition system architecture for long duration fusion experiments was developed based on the new optical communications technologies and the “System on a Chip” methodology. The architecture integrates data routing, data storage, real-time data processing and control and data acquisition nodes, interconnected by a switched-packed, gigabit, point-to-point, communications network. The routing nodes provide connections to the autonomous storage and processing nodes through standard network links. The control and data acquisition nodes are connected to the routing nodes by specifically designed optical links which provide both data transport and timing/synchronism support. The acquired data are time stamped and can be dynamically processed for local control or sent to the external storage, the real-time processing or the control nodes. The standard processor and the reconfigurable field programmable gate array included in each node allow the programming of the data reduction, adaptive signal processing, and control algorithms from a high level system description language. All nodes will be controlled through an instrumentation-specific implementation of the Extensible Markup Language. A control and data acquisition node with 32 independent and galvanically isolated analog channels of 16 bits resolution is under development. All input signals are continuously and simultaneously sampled at a rate of 2 MSPS, time stamped, optionally digitally filtered, and stored in a large circular memory buffer. Three other node configuration sets will also be implemented: 16 channels, 20 MSPS, 16 bit; 8 channels, 100 MSPS, 12 bit; 2 channels, 1 GSPS, 8 bit.

Integrated Home Service Network on Intelligent Intranet

IHSNII (Integrated Home Service Network on intelligent Intranet) is a Web-based home service system; it supports a well-organized Internet service infrastructure, and allows the traditional HSASS (Home Service Application Supporting System) to connect to the Internet through the INTEGRATOR of IHSNII. This would solve the problem of inconvenience caused by the diversity of user interfaces and operation platforms of HSASSs which are provided by different vendors. The INTEGRATOR is a PC-based data acquisition and transformation node. It supports TCP/IP, and is capable of getting data from HSASS, encoding the data into XML document and then transferring the XML document to the server of the monitoring and management center. With IHSNII, the business partners of IHSNII can furnish their customers with Web service without constructing their own backbone of network, and reduce the service cost substantially. For end user, IHSNII provides not only Web service as a general ISP (Internet service provider) does but also a well software service. By XML exchanging, IHSNII can integrate the HSASSs of those business partners who are willing to provide data sharing, and provide end users with a uniform GUI (graphic user interface) for monitoring/setup service target through Web. For those HSASS service companies who are unwilling to provide data of customers, IHSNII acts as a monitoring data provider; it will encode the monitoring data in XML and pass the XML data to their own HSASS service companies.

Missing-sample predictiontechnique for distributed data acquisition applications

A predictor-type transmission-error correction technique is presented for a plain communication protocol that is used in transferring discrete samples of a measurement signal from integrated data acquisition nodes to the intelligent main computer. The proposed lost-sample predictor is based on an FIR-type extrapolator with a narrow impulse response. Two alternative extrapolation principles are discussed with numerical examples.

A distributed approach to integrated inquiry and display for radiology

Picture archive and communications (PACS) systems should be flexible and modular in design so that new advances in storage, computation, and display technology can be introduced into the system without a significant redesign of existing software. The acquisition, storage, and management of radiologic images must be carefully integrated with a radiology information system. Our architecture is based on a four-level data model: (1) patient information, (2) examination information and reports, (3) image information, and (4) instances of images. The PACS being developed at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology within the Electronic Radiology Laboratory consists of three primary components: application clients, database servers and image servers. One type of application client is an image-capable workstation that supports a radiology image viewing application. The application client queries the database server for information regarding patient and examination data in response to user-level requests. The database server responds to the request by retrieving the appropriate patient demographics and examination information, along with a pointer to the image/instance data from a central database. The client then uses the image data pointer to query the image server for the actual pixel data. The image server responds by transmitting the pixel data to the requesting application client or a designated auxiliary display device. Other clients act as image data acquisition nodes. Queries to the database servers are made via a library of callable subroutines. Software integrity is maintained throughout the system by dynamically loading software from a code-control database. Inquiry and display transactions, supported on a local-area network (Ethernet), have been measured and analyzed. Results and observations are presented.