Dark Corners Research Articles

The Role and Future Tasks of the National Assembly Suicide Prevention Forum - Focusing on the Legislative Content of Suicide Prevention Laws.

In South Korea, there were 12,906 suicides in 2022. This number is 4.7 times higher than the number of traffic accident deaths-i.e., 2,753-in the same year. Suicide is so serious that it is the fifth leading cause of death in South Korea. We would like to discuss how the National Assembly Suicide Prevention Forum was established, what role it has played in preventing suicide, and what role it should play in the future. We will look into the representatives and lawmakers who made up the National Assembly Suicide Prevention and summarize the topics of seminars conducted in each period. Through the establishment of the National Assembly Suicide Prevention Forum in 2018, which is referred to hereafter as the "Forum," various efforts have been made to garner the attention of government ministries, which has led to an increase of 6.7 times in the budget for suicide prevention compared to 2017. With the launch of the forum, private organizations that had previously been working independently in their own fields were able to come together and speak with a unified voice. The formation of the Forum has brought the issue of suicide, which had previously been buried in the dark corners of our society, to the forefront as a social problem, and it has provided an impetus for seeking solutions. In the 22nd National Assembly of South Korea, the National Assembly Suicide Prevention Forum is expected to play a more prominent role, which is expected to lead to substantial achievements in suicide prevention.

Shedding Light on the Dark Corners of the Law, by Walking Hand in Hand with Professor Sacco, Master of Italian Comparative Law

Making use as a guideline of a self-authored manuscript—dated February 2000—where the “Maestro” reveals himself, this essay explores the academic life and the scholarly achievements of Rodolfo Sacco, the Italian master of comparative law, who just recently passed away. His intellectual endeavor is described throughout the lenses of a common thread that underlies his entire scholarly output: it his ability to illuminate the dark places of law, finding it where no one had sought it before. This is the essence of his original contribution to the understanding of the legal landscape’s dynamics and it is the core of his cultural legacy, not only to comparative lawyers, but also to the community of the jurists at large.

Unveiling the IoT's dark corners: anomaly detection enhanced by ensemble modelling

The growing Internet of Things (IoT) landscape requires robust security; traditional rule-based systems are insufficient, driving the integration of machine learning (ML) for effective intrusion detection. This paper provides an inclusive overview of research efforts focused on harnessing ML methodologies to fortify intrusion detection within IoT. Tailored feature extraction techniques are pivotal for achieving high detection accuracy while minimizing false positives. The study employs the IoT23 dataset from Kaggle and incorporates four optimization algorithms – Particle Swarm Optimizer, Whale-Pearson optimization algorithm, Harris-Hawks Optimizer, and Support Vector Machine with Particle Swarm optimization algorithm (SVM-PSO) – for feature extraction and selection. A comparison with ML algorithms such as logistic regression, decision tree and naïve Bayes classifier highlights Harris-Hawks Optimizer as the most effective. Furthermore, ensemble methods, particularly the fusion of random forest with HHO optimization, yield an impressive accuracy of 99.97%, surpassing AdaBoost and XGBoost approaches. This paper underscores the application of diverse ensemble learning techniques to enhance intrusion detection precision and efficiency within the intricate IoT landscape, effectively tackling the challenges posed by its complex and ever-changing nature.

Illuminating the dark corners: a qualitative examination of cryptocurrency’s risk

PurposeThe study provides a comprehensive understanding of the issues and illegal activities related to cryptocurrencies and their negative repercussions. This study aims to identify and classify cryptocurrency downsides using grounded theory and in-depth interviews. The study also analysed investors’ reluctance to invest in cryptocurrency. This pioneering qualitative study illuminates a deep and multifaceted criminal aspect of cryptocurrency.Design/methodology/approachThe study conducted in-depth interviews with respondents who have experience and knowledge of cryptocurrency investments. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The analysis was performed using the NVivo 14 software in the study.FindingsThe study specified two major types of cryptocurrency’s negative aspects: barriers and illegal usage. Barriers to cryptocurrency investment include technological, security, trust, market-related and regulatory reasons. Terrorist funding, money laundering, fraud and ransom payments are all examples of illegal usage. The results of the word cloud analysis are consistent with the overall findings of the survey, which highlighted illegal usage as a prominent negative element of cryptocurrencies. It is a key reason why cryptocurrency is not included in investing portfolios by investors.Originality/valueThe study’s findings provide useful insights for policymakers to develop better methods for successfully mitigating risks and ensuring responsible and sustainable usage of cryptocurrencies. In addition, the study could serve as a stepping stone for more cryptocurrency-related studies, contributing to the development of a more complete and nuanced comprehension of this emergent technology and its societal effects.

Detecting cyberbullying in social media using text analysis and ensemble techniques

In the dynamic landscape of our hyper-connected digital world, social media platforms play a dual role as facilitators of global interaction and breeding grounds for harmful behaviors. Cyberbullying, an insidious online menace, inflicts emotional distress and psychological trauma on numerous individuals, underscoring the urgent need for advanced tools to detect and prevent such malevolent actions. This innovative project harnesses the power of artificial intelligence and text analysis to illuminate the dark corners of social media where cyberbullying thrives, offering hope to countless victims. At its core, this endeavor utilizes cutting-edge ensemble techniques, a fusion of diverse machine learning algorithms, to analyze textual content across social media platforms. This approach ensures unparalleled accuracy in identifying and flagging cyberbullying instances, enhancing the efficiency of the detection process while minimizing false positives. The project adopts a multifaceted approach to text analysis, examining explicit language, sentiments, context, and behavioral patterns in online interactions. By delving into the intricacies of human communication, the system distinguishes between genuine expressions and malicious intent, providing a nuanced and accurate assessment.

Dermoscopic dark corner artifacts removal: Friend or foe?

Background and ObjectivesOne of the more significant obstacles in classification of skin cancer is the presence of artifacts. This paper investigates the effect of dark corner artifacts, which result from the use of dermoscopes, on the performance of a deep learning binary classification task. Previous research attempted to remove and inpaint dark corner artifacts, with the intention of creating an ideal condition for models. However, such research has been shown to be inconclusive due to a lack of available datasets with corresponding labels for dark corner artifact cases. MethodsTo address these issues, we label 10,250 skin lesion images from publicly available datasets and introduce a balanced dataset with an equal number of melanoma and non-melanoma cases. The training set comprises 6126 images without artifacts, and the testing set comprises 4124 images with dark corner artifacts. We conduct three experiments to provide new understanding on the effects of dark corner artifacts, including inpainted and synthetically generated examples, on a deep learning method. ResultsOur results suggest that introducing synthetic dark corner artifacts which have been superimposed onto the training set improved model performance, particularly in terms of the true negative rate. This indicates that deep learning learnt to ignore dark corner artifacts, rather than treating it as melanoma, when dark corner artifacts were introduced into the training set. Further, we propose a new approach to quantifying heatmaps indicating network focus using a root mean square measure of the brightness intensity in the different regions of the heatmaps. ConclusionsThe proposed artifact methods can be used in future experiments to help alleviate possible impacts on model performance. Additionally, the newly proposed heatmap quantification analysis will help to better understand the relationships between heatmap results and other model performance metrics.

‘Downtown mosaics’ in revitalisation district in Szczecin (Poland). Reflections on the project

One of the most degraded areas of Szczecin is the city center with its three housing estates: Centrum, Śródmieście Zachud and Turzyn. The City Hall has been running a revitalisation program for this area since 2017. OSWAJANIE SZTUKI Association, which has been running the ŚRODEK Śródmiejski Punkt Sąsiedzki since 2018, located in the area covered by revitalisation, is implementing the artistic and social project ‘Downtown mosaics.’ The aim of the project is to create art objects in a degenerated semi-public space and to improve the attractiveness of places that the inhabitants of the area consider unattractive and/or dangerous. Mosaics are created in cooperation with local artists, urban activists and city residents in the courtyards of tenement quarters, outside the main walking trails. Designers present proposals for three mosaics, but the final choice is made by the residents of the nearest residential buildings or the direct owner of the facility. So far, five mosaics have been created on various topics – from ‘Cosmos’ behind the former Kosmos cinema to ‘Reading room’ on the garage wall of the owner of an informal antique shop. In addition to actively joining the mosaic, the residents can provide the material for the mosaic – e.g. tiles left over from home renovation. The mosaics became an attraction not only for the closest residents, but also met with a very positive reception from all Szczecin residents who began to visit the dark corners of the city center. The article presents the process of creating neighbourly mosaics in the spirit of participatory art.

Whither Goest the Entrepreneur?

This essay recounts the circumstances that provoked and influenced earlier research and publications on entrepreneurship by Hebert and Link (1982, 1988, 1989a, 1989b, 2006a, 2006b, 2009). Once a dark corner of economics, the study of entrepreneurship has enjoyed some light as the scholarship has matured, and the boundaries of entrepreneurship research have expanded. Challenges remain, however. The field still suffers from conjecture and confusion, and even the definition of entrepreneur has escaped consensus. Whatever direction future research takes, entrepreneurship must be recognized as an inherently decentralized activity: disruptive, contrarian, and incompatible with central planning.

Renal allograft procurement from living unrelated donors in Iran: What falls under the eclipse.

Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for end stage kidney disease. However, despite all the efforts to expand the donor pool, the shortage of donors is increasing and as a consequence, there has been a significant increase in the number of patients on transplant waiting lists globally. Societies worldwide have employed different methods to address this, each with specific ethical concerns surrounding them. Over three decades ago, a governmentally regulated program of kidney transplantation from living unrelated donors was introduced in Iran and since practiced which has been the subject of hot debate in the literature. Nevertheless, despite all these extensive discussions and publications, several key aspects of the program have still not been properly elucidated and addressed. In this article, the author aims to illuminate some dark corners related to this issue that have largely escaped the notice of ethicists.

Some real but mostly unconsidered costs hiding in the dark corners of load shedding

Some real but mostly unconsidered costs hiding in the dark corners of load shedding

Unearthing a Painful Past in Kim Scott's "Benang: From the Heart"

Kim Scott, an acclaimed Australian author and descendant of the Noongar people, has established himself as a powerful voice in contemporary literature, challenging readers to confront the complex history of colonization and its lasting impact on indigenous communities. In his novel "Benang: From the Heart," Scott delves deep into the dark corners of Australia's past, unearthing the painful history of his own family and the nation as a whole. With evocative prose and meticulous research, Scott crafts a heartbreaking narrative that exposes the ongoing effects of colonialism and the long journey towards healing and reconciliation.

Review Study on a Home Invading Pest Mupli Beetle (Luprops tristis)

A litter dwelling detritivore pest, Mupli beetle causes home invasions. They extend from tropical Africa, Asia to Papua New Guinea. Widely found in rubber plantation belt litter, they feed on tender rubber leaves. Huge aggregation of the beetle invasions includes 0.5 to 4 million individuals per residential building. The invasion pattern is observed after summer showers. They remain dormant in undisturbed dark corners for several months.Clusters of the beetle fall off from their hiding places in crooks and corners causing nuisance to the residents, even to move out of the buildings. Squeezing the beetle releases a phenolic secretion which causes burning on the skin. Reports also showed the onset of Keratoconjunctivitis in the regions of mupli invasions. The poor working class residing near rubber plantation areas in poorly built home facilities with leaf thatched roofs experience more problems with the beetle invasions. Attraction towards light is also another factor that might lead the beetle towards residential buildings. Natural beetle aggregation is also found common below boulders and pits near the rubber plantations.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Among Adult Malaria Patients Co-Infected with Opportunistic Intestinal Coccidian Parasites in Fundong Health District, Northwest, Cameroon: A Cross Section Study Design

Introduction: Malaria and intestinal coccidian parasitic co-infections, are becoming a public health emergency affecting millions of people around the world. They are among the leading cause of socio-economic problems, long suffering and death especially in developing countries like Cameroon. Introducing new appropriate preventive and control measures to the population requires thorough assessment of community and patient-based knowledge, attitude and preventive practices towards malaria and pathogenic intestinal coccidian parasites is crucial. Our study aimed to describe knowledge, attitudes, and practices and the risk factors among adult malaria patients co-infected with intestinal parasitic infections in the Fundong Health District, a locality in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out between February and December, 2022 involving sixteen (16) health facilities in Fundong Health district. A total number of 330 patients participated in the study. Normal saline wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques were employed in coccidian parasitic detection. Blood samples were subjected to Giemsa stained and viewed microscopically to detect the Plasmodium parasites. Pretested structured questionnaires were administered to collect information on patient’s socio-demographic factors and determine patients’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards malaria and intestinal coccidian parasites, as well as their prevention and control. The Pearson’s Chi-Square (χ2) and Student T-test were performed a part of the statistical analysis to check for associations between malaria, infection and between malaria-coccidian co-infection and demographic factors. Statistical significance was set a P-value<0.05. Results: Participants main sources of information on malaria were: Television (TV) and radio 111/330 (34%), community health workers 109/330 (33%), and Hospitals (37%). Participants had good knowledge of mosquito bite as the malaria transmission route, 296/330 (90%), night time is the frequent biting time for the mosquito 296/330(90%), dark corners 229 (69%) and dirty areas 175(53%) as mosquito resting places. Knowledge score was also good on cleaning of the house surroundings, 281/330(85%), clearing the bushes 180/330(55%), poor knowledge score on drainage of stagnant water113/330 (34%) as ways to prevent the mosquito from multiplying. Participants had good knowledge of insecticide treated bed nets 295/330 (89%) as the best way to prevent mosquito bites. However, participants also expressed poor knowledge on edges of the river or streams 7(20%), and animal shed 20/330 (6%) as mosquito hiding places, and Plasmodium specie as malaria causative agent 8/330 (2%) (P-value=0.011). Poor scores were recorded on knowledge of opportunistic intestinal coccidian parasites (19.4%) (P=0.427), and was significantly low on unsafe water (47.2%) (P-value=0.036) as possible transmission routes for coccidian parasites. The knowledge score was also low on the at-risk population for malaria and intestinal coccidian infection (31.9%) P-value=0.009. Participants who had poor knowledge about coccidian transmission routes were less likely to drink from protected water source with an odds of 0.713(95% CI: 0.297-1.711) P value=0.449, compared to those who were more knowledgeable and who were 2.981(95% CI: 1.367-6.115) P value=0.005, more likely to use protected source of drinking water. Participants who had hand washing facility in the household were 3.488 (1.760-6.912) value=0.001 times more likely have better knowledge of coccidian transmission routes compared to those who did not have 0.748 (95% CI: 0.406-1.376) P value=0.350. Poor knowledge score of poor hygiene as major cause of coccidian infection significantly associated with poor practice score of sometime or not at all disinfecting animal shed to prevent coccidian infection among study participants (P =0.039). Conclusion: The overall knowledge scores, attitude and practices level of participants towards malaria and opportunistic intestinal coccidian parasites were relatively good. A significant proportion of the participants still have misconceptions about cause, modes of transmission and practices towards malaria and coccidian prevention methods. A combined health education programmes for malaria and intestinal coccidian parasites aimed at raising community awareness needs to be evidence based and requires innovative approaches, to address the gaps identified in the study.

Representations of the past in the poetry of Khuzayl Al-Majid.

The study focuses on how the poet Khaz’al Al-Majidi invokes history and represents it in his poetic texts. Mythology was one of the most important topics that took up a large space in his poetry, using it to indicate present-day events. He used it in the form of symbols that the poet employed appropriately. Other representations include his invocation of Arab and Western literary figures (Abu Al-Ala Al-Maari and Al-Mutanabbi), (Arthur Rimbaud and Eliot). Through these poets, the poet draws inspiration from the similarities between the past and the reality of the age and its circumstances, whether negative or positive. Their inclusion also helped to enrich the text and illuminate its dark corners.

Hammer Test

Hammer Test Renata Golden (bio) Imagine a spectrum of living creatures. At one end are viruses, bacteria, paramecia. Add invertebrates like worms, snails, octopuses, and shrimp. In the middle, find spiders, crabs, and small animals like frogs, snakes, and songbirds. Somewhere toward the opposite end stand the bigger creatures like prairie dogs, house cats, wolves, alligators, and whales. Holding down the far end are humans—not because of their size or evolutionary superiority, but because of their claim to a moral code. Now picture yourself holding a very large metaphoric hammer that can take many shapes—revulsion, fear, hunger, defense, medical research, vivisection, euthanasia, capital punishment. That hammer represents your willingness to kill. How far along that continuum will you bring your hammer down? Squashing a bug is probably okay, especially if it is a spider or a cockroach or other creepy crawly that freaks you out. And you might be willing to catch a mouse in a snap trap if it’s in your kitchen, eating the crumbs in your dark corners. If you’re an omnivore, you let others butcher your dinner, unless you fish or hunt your own food. Where do you draw the line about killing living things, whether you actually do the deed or support others doing the killing in your name? According to national Gallup and Pew polls, fifty to sixty percent of American adults go all the way to support the death penalty. Where do you stop? [End Page 7] I was unsure of my own answer to that question, especially when I considered threatened species and their preservation. In a natural world made unnatural by human intervention, my ethical responsibilities have grown murky. In my view, a species doesn’t need to provide an obvious benefit to mankind—or even to the rest of the natural world—to be worth saving. Its value lies in the mere fact of its existence. I have heard it said that allowing a species to go extinct is like ripping pages out of a book that you are still reading. What do we lose when a species disappears? What do we suffer when we are the cause of that extinction? And what am I willing to do, either actively or passively, to affect the outcome one way or another? The first good look I had at an American bullfrog in the Chiricahua Mountains was in the sights of a .22 rifle. I had accompanied a biologist and his field technician—let’s call them John and Bob—to a pond that had potential to be a safe harbor for Chiricahua leopard frogs. John and Bob had been monitoring this pond in the flatlands east of Cave Creek Canyon for months. This morning, the two men started at the bottom of a pond and counted eyes as they circled to the top. They estimated more than 500 bullfrogs. They knew the frogs were bullfrogs and not leopard frogs because their size and the chirp they made when they jumped into the water were dead giveaways. John and Bob were on a mission to eradicate some bullfrogs. I found it ironic that they needed to kill a frog to save a frog. With hundreds of bullfrogs living in this flatlands pond, it was obviously not yet ready to receive the leopard frog tadpoles or egg masses that were ready for release. Tasked by U.S. Fish and Wildlife to eradicate the bullfrogs that make life impossible for Chiricahua leopard frogs, John and Bob intended not to kill every American bullfrog in southeastern Arizona, but to establish a buffer zone around Cave Creek where the leopard frogs could thrive. If Chiricahua leopard frogs can’t be returned to their entire previous range, they can at least be saved from extinction. The first step was to give them a suitable home. Before I came to the Southwest Research Station in the Chiricahua Mountains in 2016 to learn about the reintroduction of Chiricahua leopard frogs to their homeland, I had read that Chiricahua leopard frogs and [End Page 8] American bullfrogs are incompatible. Perhaps that’s not the right word—“incompatible” makes it seem like they argue a lot or have...

About the dark corners in the gene function space of Escherichia coli remaining without illumination by scientific literature

BackgroundAlthough Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most studied prokaryote organism in the history of life sciences, many molecular mechanisms and gene functions encoded in its genome remain to be discovered. This work aims at quantifying the illumination of the E. coli gene function space by the scientific literature and how close we are towards the goal of a complete list of E. coli gene functions.ResultsThe scientific literature about E. coli protein-coding genes has been mapped onto the genome via the mentioning of names for genomic regions in scientific articles both for the case of the strain K-12 MG1655 as well as for the 95%-threshold softcore genome of 1324 E. coli strains with known complete genome. The article match was quantified with the ratio of a given gene name’s occurrence to the mentioning of any gene names in the paper. The various genome regions have an extremely uneven literature coverage. A group of elite genes with ≥ 100 full publication equivalents (FPEs, FPE = 1 is an idealized publication devoted to just a single gene) attracts the lion share of the papers. For K-12, ~ 65% of the literature covers just 342 elite genes; for the softcore genome, ~ 68% of the FPEs is about only 342 elite gene families (GFs). We also find that most genes/GFs have at least one mentioning in a dedicated scientific article (with the exception of at least 137 protein-coding transcripts for K-12 and 26 GFs from the softcore genome). Whereas the literature growth rates were highest for uncharacterized or understudied genes until 2005–2010 compared with other groups of genes, they became negative thereafter. At the same time, literature for anyhow well-studied genes started to grow explosively with threshold T10 (≥ 10 FPEs). Typically, a body of ~ 20 actual articles generated over ~ 15 years of research effort was necessary to reach T10. Lineage-specific co-occurrence analysis of genes belonging to the accessory genome of E. coli together with genomic co-localization and sequence-analytic exploration hints previously completely uncharacterized genes yahV and yddL being associated with osmotic stress response/motility mechanisms.ConclusionIf the numbers of scientific articles about uncharacterized and understudied genes remain at least at present levels, full gene function lists for the strain K-12 MG1655 and the E. coli softcore genome are in reach within the next 25–30 years. Once the literature body for a gene crosses 10 FPEs, most of the critical fundamental research risk appears overcome and steady incremental research becomes possible.

Celebrating Calabria: Writing Heritage and Memory

This impressive volume resulted from a program, launched primarily by the Italian Diaspora Studies Association in collaboration with the Department of Humanities of the University of Calabria, that focused on investigating the Italian diaspora from a transnational perspective. In May 2019, professional and amateur writers from diverse backgrounds (not just Italian Americans) gathered in Morano Calabro and then later in Albidona, Cosenza to participate in a writing seminar focused on a topic that engaged all participants: “Heritage and Memory.” The poems, reflections, and short stories they wrote under the guidance of Maria Mazziotti Gillan constitute the main body of this volume, enriched by the marvelous photographs by Mark Hillringhouse. Yet Celebrating Calabria is much more than a collection, and the volume does not simply aim at glorifying the beauties of Calabria and its cultural heritage: unquestionably, its scope is much wider and more profound. This wonderfully invigorating anthology is a polyphonic book structured around two interlaced concepts: the broadening of (often stereotypical) ideas and conceptions regarding identity and self-definition, and the construction of an imaginary community beyond borders. In the process of working out these concepts, the book is a celebration of life.The reasons that prompted each of the participants to join the workshop were multiple: some longed to rediscover their roots; others were curious; still others came to experience Italy and its beauties; and a few were attracted by the very presence of Maria Mazziotti Gillan, an extraordinarily gifted human being who acts as a source of inspiration to those who approach her and her empowering poems. To all participants, Calabria became a mirror (a recurrent theme), which enabled them finally to perceive and accept their own image as a whole and as beyond partialities, ingrained stereotypes regarding ethnic background, and self-imposed emotional restrictions. The landscape featured in Celebrating Calabria may be equated to a cradle, to an ancestral womb from which to be reborn. Reading the verses and narratives included in the collection means undertaking a journey of self-discovery. But it also means facing one's inner monsters—striving to piece together the various facets of a fragmented identity, while excavating the past, and allowing traumas to surface and be worked through.Celebrating Calabria contributes strongly toward fostering a renewed sense of community: different voices stemming from diverse contexts echo one another; unexpected consonances emerge; personal stories intersect and illumine one another. In their dual capacity as inspirers and healers, Margherita Ganeri and Maria Mazziotti Gillan have succeeded in encouraging the workshop participants to spin individual threads that, woven together, form beautiful patterns. Lastly, a few words should be spared to commend Hillringhouse's insightful photographs; instead of offering the usual picturesque, prepackaged version of Italy to which we have grown accustomed, he lingers on dark corners, on beautiful secluded spaces off the beaten track, on the relationships among men, women, and their pets and animals. There is music and poetry in every photo.At a time when social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic (and its memory) still undermines our deepest sense of a shared humanity, Celebrating Calabria functions as a powerful balm on open wounds, thus reminding us that we—human beings, animals, nature—are all interconnected.

Nipple Day

Nipple Day

Utilization of Modified Mosquitto Killer as an Alternative for Aedes Aegypti Mosquito Control

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a major global problem because 2.5 to 3 billion people are at risk of developing this disease, Aedes Aegypti is the main epidemic vector, a disease that usually affects urban areas, but has begun to attack rural areas, an estimated 50-100 million cases per year. The only program to control the transmission of dengue virus is to fight mosquitoes as dengue vectors. One of the most popular methods is the use of insecticides. The use of insecticides for a certain period of time will cause vector resistance, so it must be used wisely. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of mosquito killers as an alternative to controlling Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes in the working area of ​​the Sindang Barang Health Center. This type of research is an experimental method with a pretest-posttest design, the treatment given is exposure to a mosquito killer device which is divided into 2 groups with different placement hours. The study was conducted in the Sindang Barang Health Center Work Area in August-September 2022 in an area that has the highest incidence of dengue cases, the mosquito killer is placed in a humid and dark corner of the room. The results of the pretest-posttest data on mosquito density obtained a significance value of 0.053, which means that the use of mosquito killers is not effective for controlling Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes.

Simon Mills, A Commerce of Knowledge: Trade, Religion, and Scholarship between England and the Ottoman Empire, c.1600-1760 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)

“The traveller observing in the light of the day and the scholar ‘blundering’ in the dark corner of a college library” (p. 2) are some of the protagonists of the ‘commerce of knowledge’ interrogated by Simon Mills in this accurate and elegantly written monograph. These Western characters, however, represented just the beginning of the story of the scholarly discover of the ‘Orient’. A Commerce of Knowledge, in fact, is also a story of the role played in this process by Ottoman agents, a key role of Muslim, Oriental Christian, and, to a less extent, Jewish scholars in all its various facets. The result is a very wide-ranging fresco of the intellectual encounter of East and West in the early modern era, very much practical rather than theoretical, in which the author manages to clear the field of an ideological approach to the debate on Orientalism — nearly without even mentioning it.