Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Research Articles

Social distancing is the right thing to do: Dark Triad behavioral correlates in the COVID-19 quarantine

The COVID-19 outbreak has recently reached the status of a global pandemic. People should abide by governmental rules to avoid spreading contagion. These rules could be associated with the concept of “social distancing”, namely avoiding contact with others. In such an unprecedented situation, social gathering and display of affection should be considered potentially harmful, while isolation is deemed altruistic. The distinction between prosocial and antisocial behavior is suddenly ambiguous, and research is needed to understand citizens' behavior during the pandemic, in order to adapt public health communication to multiple kinds of recipients. 465 participants filled in an online questionnaire on their experience and behavior during the first weeks of the quarantine, and on antisocial personality (Dark Triad Dirty Dozen). Results showed that machiavellianism and psychopathy are negatively correlated with adoption of healthy behaviors and positively associated with the tendency to continue living one's own life “as nothing happened”. Also, sex differences relates to healthy or anti-social behaviors, significantly mediated by machiavellianism. It is possible that non-conforming to recommendations is not influenced by aggression, but by individuals persevering in their activities independently of the quarantine, consistently with machiavellianism. Discussion deals with suggestions for effective communication of good practices in the pandemic.

How "dirty" is the Dark Triad? Dark character profiles, swearing, and sociosexuality.

Malevolent character traits (i.e., the Dark Triad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) are associated to emotional frigidity, antagonism, immoral strategic thinking, betrayal, exploitation, and sexual promiscuity. Despite the fact that character is a complex adaptive system, almost every study has solely investigated the linear association between malevolent character and attitudes towards both swearing and sociosexual orientation (i.e., behavior, attitude, and desire regarding promiscuous sexual behavior). In contrast, the aim in this set of studies was to evaluate these associations in relation to specific profiles of malevolent character (i.e., the Dark Cube). In two studies participants responded to the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, the Taboo Words’ Offensiveness and Usage Inventories (i.e., attitudes towards 30 swear words’ level of offensiveness and usage) (Study 1: N1 = 1,000) and the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory Revised (Study 2: N2 = 309). Participants were clustered according to all eight possible combinations based on their dark trait scores (M/m = high/low Machiavellianism; N/n = high/low narcissism; P/p = high/low psychopathy). The results of this nonlinear approach suggested that the frequent usage, not level of offensiveness, of swear words was associated to Machiavellianism and narcissism. In other words, individuals with high levels in these traits might swear and are verbally offensive often, because they do not see swearing as offensive (cf. with the attitude-behavior-cognition-hypothesis of taboo words; Rosenberg, Sikström & Garcia, 2017). Moreover, promiscuous sociosexual attitude and desire were related to each dark trait only when the other two were low. Additionally, promiscuous sociosexual behavior was not associated to these malevolent character traits. That is, individuals high in the dark traits are willing to and have the desire to engage in sexual relations without closeness, commitment, and other indicators of emotional bonding. However, they do not report high levels of previous sexual experience, relationships, and infidelity. Hence, they approve and desire for it, but they are not actually doing it. The use of person-centered and non-linear methods, such as the Dark Character Cube, seem helpful in the advancement of a coherent theory of a biopsychosocial model of dark character.

Structure of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Across Eight World Regions

The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the past 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits' measure-the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)-in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., Asia, Middle East, non-Western Europe, South America, sub-Saharan Africa) world regions. The results confirmed the measurement invariance of the DTDD across participants' sex in all world regions, with men scoring higher than women on all traits (except for psychopathy in Asia, where the difference was not significant). We found evidence for metric (and partial scalar) measurement invariance within and between W.E.I.R.D. and non-W.E.I.R.D. world regions. The results generally support the structure of the DTDD.

Cross-sectional age differences in the Dark Triad traits in two Japanese samples.

This study investigated the age differences in the Dark Triad (DT) traits with 2 independent samples. Personality was measured using the Short Dark Triad and the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. Results showed a significant negative correlation between age and DT traits except for narcissism, which differed between the samples. Significant age-by-sex interaction effects were observed for Machiavellianism and the DT composite score, indicating that women showed a steeper downward age trend in dark personalities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

SPOR ÖRGÜTLERİNDE KARANLIK KİŞİLİK, ÖRGÜTSEL SİNİZM ve İŞ TATMİNİ İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Bu çalışmada, spor örgütlerinde karanlık üçlü, örgütsel sinizm ve iş tatmini düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinde yer alan tarama modellerinden ilişkisel tarama modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, seçkisiz olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen, Mersin ve Karaman Gençlik ve Spor il Müdürlüklerinde görev alan 45 kadın, 77 erkek toplam 122 Gençlik ve Spor il Müdürlüğü çalışanından oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu ile Örgütsel Sinizm Ölçeği (Karacaoğlu ve İnce, 2012), Karanlık Üçlü Ölçeği (Özsoy vd., 2017) ve İş Tatmini Ölçeği (Özsoy ve Ardıç, 2017) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normallik sınamasında Skewness ve Kurtosis değerleri dikkate alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ise tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanı sıra, Pearson korelasyon ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizleri sonucunda, iş tatmini ölçeği ile örgütsel sinizm ölçeği bilişsellik (r=-.217, p.05) ve davranışsal (r=-.272, p.05) alt boyutları arasında negatif yönde düşük düzeyde; duygusal alt boyutu arasında negatif yönde orta düzeyde ilişki (r=-.434, p.05) tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca iş tatmini ölçeği ile karanlık üçlü ölçeği alt boyutlarından makyavelizm (r=-.316, p.05), psikopati (r=-.321, p.05) ve narsisizm (r=-.442, p.05) arasında negatif yönde orta düzeyde ilişki gözlemlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte örgütsel sinizmin duygusal alt boyutu ile karanlık üçlü ölçeği alt boyutlarından psikopati (r=.269, p=0.05) ve narsisizm (r=.186, p=0.05) arasında ise pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde; davranışsal alt boyutu ile narsisizm (r=.185, p=0.05) arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif yönde ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, çoklu regresyon analizine göre; örgütsel sinizm (bilişsel-duygusal-davranışsal) ile karanlık üçlü ölçekleri (makyavelizm-psikopati-narsisizm) alt boyutları, iş tatmini ile orta düzeyde ve anlamlı bir ilişki göstermektedir (R=0.579, R2=0. 335, p<.000). Test sonuçları, örgütsel sinizm alt boyutlarından duygusal ile karanlık üçlü ölçeği alt boyutlarından narsisizmin, iş tatmini üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir (p<.05). Dolayısıyla modeldeki diğer değişkenler sabit tutulduğunda, duygusal alt boyutundaki bir birimlik artış, iş tatmini üzerinde 0,381 birimlik azalışa neden olmaktadır. Benzer şekilde narsisizm alt boyutundaki bir birimlik artış, iş tatmini üzerinde 0,341 birimlik azalış göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, spor örgütlerinde çalışanların iş tatmin düzeyleri üzerinde, bireylerin kişilik yapıları ile örgüt ortamının önemli yordayıcı etkisi olduğu söylenebilir. Bireylerin iş tatmini üzerinde karanlık kişilik özellikleri ile örgütsel sinizmin olumsuz etkiye neden olduğu belirtilebilir. İş tatmininin artması diğer pozitif örgütsel çıktılar ile pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğu için çalışanların iş tatminlerini artırmaya yönelik düzenlemeler yapılması örgütlerin temel hedefleri arasında olmalıdır. Ayrıca kişi-örgüt uyumu son derece önemlidir. Örgüt kültürü ve iklimi ile uyumlu olabilecek bireyler istihdam edilmelidir.

Relationship between dark triad personality traits and work values among athletes

The purpose of this study was to review the relationship between dark personality traits and work values in athletes. In total, 261 athletes from various universities in Turkey (179 male and 82 female) voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were administered two scales: the Turkish versions of the Work Values Inventory and the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. Canonical correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations among variables in the work values and dark personality datasets. The results revealed a negative correlation between work values and the presence of dark personality characteristics. Creativity and achievement were key variables with the largest contribution to the first canonical root in the work values set. Similarly, the variables with the largest contribution to the first canonical root in the dark personality set were Machiavellianism and psychopathy. In addition, achievement and prestige in the work values set and narcissism and psychopathy in the dark personality set were correlated with the second canonical root. While creativity and achievement were negatively correlated with Machiavellianism and psychopathy, narcissism was positively related to prestige and achievement.

Mračne crte kroz pristup usmeren na varijablu i na osobu i njihove relacije sa nekim rizičnim ponašanjima

The aim of this research was to determine whether the person-centered or the variable-centered approach is better at describing the covariance between the Dark Triad and Dark Tetrad traits in the community sample. On the sample of 624 participants (48.2% males), the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD), the Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SSIS) and the Varieties of Sadistic Tendencies Scale (VAST) were used for measuring the dark traits, while the Reactive Proactive Questionnaire (RPQ) and the questions about alcohol use were applied for criteria validation. In order to test whether the variableor the person-centered approach better described covariance among the dark traits, the latent profile analysis was used. The results revealed one profile or two quantitatively different profiles (low and high dark traits), suggesting that the variable-centered approach is more appropriate than the person-centered for describing the dark traits. In the case of the Dark Tetrad, profile membership largely depended on the used sadism measure, i.e. profile agreement was moderate. High dark traits profile based on the combination with the SSIS sadism scale was characterized by both higher aggression and alcohol use, while the same profile based on the combination with the VAST sadism measure was characterized only by higher aggression.

The dark side of internet: Preliminary evidence for the associations of dark personality traits with specific online activities and problematic internet use.

Background and aimsResearch has shown that personality traits play an important role in problematic internet use (PIU). However, the relationship between dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, and spitefulness) and PIU has yet to be investigated. Consequently, the objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships of dark traits with specific online activities (i.e., social media, gaming, gambling, shopping, and sex) and PIU.MethodsA total of 772 university students completed a self-report survey, including the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Scale, Short Sadistic Impulse Scale, Spitefulness Scale, and an adapted version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale.ResultsHierarchical regression analysis and a multiple mediation model indicated that being male was positively associated with higher online gaming, online sex, and online gambling, and negatively associated with social media and online shopping. Narcissism was related to higher social media use; Machiavellianism was related to higher online gaming, online sex, and online gambling; sadism was related to online sex; and spitefulness was associated with online sex, online gambling, and online shopping. Finally, Machiavellianism and spitefulness were directly and indirectly associated with PIU via online gambling, online gaming, and online shopping, and narcissism was indirectly associated with PIU through social media use.DiscussionFindings of this preliminary study show that individuals high in dark personality traits may be more vulnerable in developing problematic online use and that further research is warranted to examine the associations of dark personality traits with specific types of problematic online activities.

Serbian adaptations of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD) and Short Dark Triad (SD3)

We conducted three studies to examine the psychometric properties of the Serbian translations of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (Study 1, N = 364) and the Short Dark Triad (Study 2, N = 409), as well as their convergent and discriminant validity in relation to basic HEXACO personality traits and empathy (Study 3, N = 443). The three-factor structure, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were confirmed for both instruments. The main correlates of the traits, from both instruments, were low Honesty-Humility and lack of affective empathy. Also, alpha coefficients for scale scores were satisfactory and scale information was good, with more precision in above-average levels of trait for some of the scales (e.g., psychopathy). Both instruments are recommended to be used in further research.

Analyzing the Links Between Problematic Social Media Use, Dark Triad Traits, and Self-esteem

Social media use, which is regarded as a popular leisure activity around the world, brings about the risk of becoming problematic in its wake, and personality differences have been shown to relate with different levels of engagement in risky social media use. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of problematic social media use (PSMU) with Dark Triad (DT) traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) and self-esteem. A total of 827 university students [495 (60%) women and 332 (40%) men, Mage = 20.36, SD = 1.47] filled out a questionnaire that included the Social Media Disorder Scale, Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Scale, and Single Item Self-esteem Scale. The direct effects of DT traits and self-esteem on PSMU and the indirect effect of narcissism on PSMU through self-esteem were investigated by applying structural equation modeling. Results indicated that, when controlling for gender and age, Machiavellianism and narcissism had small significant direct effects on PSMU, while the partial indirect link of narcissism via self-esteem was negligible. The model was able to explain 18% of the variance. Results were discussed in the light of existing literature.

IRT analyses of the Swedish Dark Triad Dirty Dozen

BackgroundThe Dark Triad (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) can be captured quickly with 12 items using the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (Jonason and Webster, 2010). Previous Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses of the original English Dark Triad Dirty Dozen have shown that all three subscales adequately tap into the dark domains of personality. The aim of the present study was to analyze the Swedish version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen using IRT. Method570 individuals (nmales = 326, nfemales = 242, and 2 unreported), including university students and white-collar workers with an age range between 19 and 65 years, responded to the Swedish version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (Garcia et al., 2017a,b). ResultsContrary to previous research, we found that the narcissism scale provided most information, followed by psychopathy, and finally Machiavellianism. Moreover, the psychopathy scale required a higher level of the latent trait for endorsement of its items than the narcissism and Machiavellianism scales. Overall, all items provided reasonable amounts of information and are thus effective for discriminating between individuals. The mean item discriminations (alphas) were 1.92 for Machiavellianism, 2.31 for narcissism, and 1.99 for psychopathy. ConclusionThis is the first study to provide IRT analyses of the Swedish version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. Our findings add to a growing literature on the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen scale in different cultures and highlight psychometric characteristics, which can be used for comparative studies. Items tapping into psychopathy showed higher thresholds for endorsement than the other two scales. Importantly, the narcissism scale seems to provide more information about a lack of narcissism, perhaps mirroring cultural conditions.

Measurement of narcissism: From classical applications to modern approaches

Different conceptions of narcissism exist within the literature such as grandiose, vulnerable, pathological, collective, and communal, each of which can be measured using self-report measures. Within the current paper, we review and discuss most of the existing measures of these different trait (i.e., non-clinical) narcissism constructs. This includes an examination of their underlying theoretical foundations and an evaluation of the scale construction process. We start our review from the one-dimensional measures of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism such as the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, the Short Dark Triad, the Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale, the Narcissistic Vulnerability Scale, and the Single Item Narcissism Scale. Then, we introduce the multidimensional measures to study narcissism such as the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, the Five Factor Narcissism Inventory, and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. The r view concludes by presenting measures of understudied narcissistic constructs such as the Communal Narcissism Inventory and the Collective Narcissism Scale. In general, using one-dimensional scales might provide important insights into the general underpinnings of narcissistic personality, however assessment via multi-dimensional tools better reflects its complex nature.

Psychometric properties of the French-Canadian version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen

The Dark Triad is a term used to describe a constellation of undesirable personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) that have received considerable empirical attention during the past decade. The Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD) is a concise instrument developed to assess these traits which has shown good psychometric properties. The aim of this study (N=394) was to translate and validate a French-Canadian adaptation of the Dirty Dozen (DTDD-FC). The DTDD-FC presented (1) good internal consistency and item properties; (2) a bifactor structure (i.e. items loading on each of their respective trait factor as well as with a global factor); (3) conclusive associations with nomological network surrounding each trait (i.e., convergent and discriminant validity coefficients) and social desirability; and (4) sex differences for psychopathy. Overall, the French-Canadian adaptation of the Dirty Dozen seems to be a valid and psychometrically sound measure of the Dark Triad traits, and is comparable to the original English version.

Issue Information

The current issue of PsyCh brings our fourth and final installment to an ongoing special collection on the theme of Single Case Studies. An opening Editorial comments on how the collection as a whole has illustrated the potential of single cases for exploratory research which can disclose previously unrecognized phenomena and thus enrichen research as a whole. Two case studies follow, the first a consideration of the appeal of Chinese abstract artist Lao Zhu's pictures, incorporating neurocognitive analysis in attempting to illuminate the nature of information processing during aesthetic appreciation. The second reports on split‐brain phenomena in an anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture patient who was first evaluated by A. R. Luria in 1976. Two Short Communications follow, the first on motor imagery in two single cases of catatonic schizophrenia, and the second examining the influence of tactile exploration on neural activation patterns for visual imagery in a case of acquired blindness.As regular contributions, the issue then features an original article on an experimental investigation of flexible integration of retinal and extra‐retinal clues during self‐motion perception. Two Special Reports follow, the first considering the utility of investing in the cognitive capital of young children as a framework for policy decisions about the effective use of resources in China's next phase of development towards a more prosperous society. The second is a proposal from Mario Bunge, a highly innovative interdisciplinary thinker, for the reconceptualization of mental pathologies based on recognition of their grounding in brain processes, thereby overcoming the philosophical flaw of psychoneural dualism, in which mental diseases have long been regarded as disorders not of the brain but of an immaterial mind. Two Short Communications then complete the issue, the first being an attempted confirmatory factor analysis of the structure of the Swedish version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, and the second a consideration of models for mechanisms, such as temporal windows, by which neural oscillations are utilized for time perception during information processing in the brain. image

Factor analysis of the Swedish version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen.

The aim of this study was to test the proposed three-factor structure of the Swedish version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen measure. A confirmatory factor analysis showed mixed evidence for model fit. In contrast to expectations, men did not score significantly higher than women in Machiavellianism and narcissism. Nevertheless, men scored higher than women in psychopathy.

Reliability and validity of the Turkish versions of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD-T), Short Dark Triad (SD3-T), and Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS-T)

The Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (i.e., DTDD), Short Dark Triad (i.e., SD3), and the Single Item Narcissism Scale (i.e., SINS) were adapted into Turkish and validated (N=368). We examined internal consistency, factor structures, and convergent and discriminant validity of the scales using the Mach-IV, LSRP, NPI-16, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, and Big Five scales. The Turkish versions of the scales had good psychometric properties and can be used in further research.

Exploring the Dark Side of Personality: Emotional Awareness, Empathy, and the Dark Triad Traits in an Italian Sample

The Dark Triad represents a collection of three socially aversive traits, namely Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Italian translation of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD) in a sample of 799 adults, and we explored the associations among Dark Triad traits, theory of mind, empathy, and alexithymia. The DTDD showed a good internal consistency and a bifactor structure including a three-factor non-hierarchical model and a global, second-order factor with all of the DTDD items loading on it. The DTDD traits were positively associated with alexithymia and negatively associated with theory of mind and empathy. Also, results of regression analyses showed that difficulty identifying feelings and a reduced emotional reactivity were significant predictors of the Dark Triad traits. Our findings support the validity and reliability of the Italian translation of the DTDD, and suggest that individuals with high levels of Dark Triad traits may have difficulties in understanding and processing their own rather than other people’s emotional states.

Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Short Dark Triad (SD3-J): Comparing with the Japanese version of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen

To investigate the prescribing trend of contraceptives in adolescent girls aged 12-18 years and to compare prescribing patterns of the most frequently used contraceptives among this population in Germany in 2007 and 2011.A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze contraceptive prescriptions written by gynecologists in 2007 and 2011 in Germany by using the IMS Disease Analyzer database (IMS HEALTH). All adolescent girls aged 12-18 years with at least 1 prescription of a contraceptive drug in 2007 or 2011 were identified. The prevalence of contraceptive prescriptions was calculated and the types of contraceptive substances prescribed were examined.A total of 21,026 teenage girls in 2007 and 18,969 in 2011 received contraceptive prescriptions. The prevalence of contraceptive prescribing rose significantly between 2007 and 2011 (P < .001). The percentage of teen girls who received prescriptions of levonorgestrel and chlormadinone pills was significantly higher in 2011 compared to 2007 (P < .001). However, the portion of contraceptive pills containing drospirenone or desogestrel significantly decreased in 2011 compared to 2007 (P < .01).There was a significant increase in contraceptive prescription usage among adolescent girls between 2007 and 2011 in Germany. However, the prescription behavior of doctors also changed; they consequently prescribed contraceptives with more evidence. Further research is needed to better understand the various factors associated with contraceptive use among this population.

The (mis)measurement of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen: exploitation at the core of the scale.

Background. The dark side of human character has been conceptualized in the Dark Triad Model: Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. These three dark traits are often measured using single long instruments for each one of the traits. Nevertheless, there is a necessity of short and valid personality measures in psychological research. As an independent research group, we replicated the factor structure, convergent validity and item response for one of the most recent and widely used short measures to operationalize these malevolent traits, namely, Jonason’s Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. We aimed to expand the understanding of what the Dirty Dozen really captures because the mixed results on construct validity in previous research.Method. We used the largest sample to date to respond to the Dirty Dozen (N = 3,698). We firstly investigated the factor structure using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and an exploratory distribution analysis of the items in the Dirty Dozen. Secondly, using a sub-sample (n = 500) and correlation analyses, we investigated the Dirty Dozen dark traits convergent validity to Machiavellianism measured by the Mach-IV, psychopathy measured by Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire Revised, narcissism using the Narcissism Personality Inventory, and both neuroticism and extraversion from the Eysenck’s questionnaire. Finally, besides these Classic Test Theory analyses, we analyzed the responses for each Dirty Dozen item using Item Response Theory (IRT).Results. The results confirmed previous findings of a bi-factor model fit: one latent core dark trait and three dark traits. All three Dirty Dozen traits had a striking bi-modal distribution, which might indicate unconcealed social undesirability with the items. The three Dirty Dozen traits did converge too, although not strongly, with the contiguous single Dark Triad scales (r between .41 and .49). The probabilities of filling out steps on the Dirty Dozen narcissism-items were much higher than on the Dirty Dozen items for Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Overall, the Dirty Dozen instrument delivered the most predictive value with persons with average and high Dark Triad traits (theta > −0.5). Moreover, the Dirty Dozen scale was better conceptualized as a combined Machiavellianism-psychopathy factor, not narcissism, and is well captured with item 4: ‘I tend to exploit others towards my own end.’Conclusion. The Dirty Dozen showed a consistent factor structure, a relatively convergent validity similar to that found in earlier studies. Narcissism measured using the Dirty Dozen, however, did not contribute with information to the core of the Dirty Dozen construct. More importantly, the results imply that the core of the Dirty Dozen scale, a manipulative and anti-social trait, can be measured by a Single Item Dirty Dark Dyad (SIDDD).

Development of a Japanese version of the International Personality Item Pool-Interpersonal Circumplex

This study was used to develop a Japanese version of the International Personality Item Pool-Interpersonal Circumplex and examined its reliability and validity. Participants included 625 Japanese university students. They completed the IPIP-IPC-J and one or two other scales: the Japanese version of Ten Item Personality Inventory (Oshio et al., 2012); a short form of the Japanese Big Five Scale (Namikawa et al., 2012); the Japanese Version of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (Tamura et al., 2015); the Friendship scale (Okada, 1995); or the Assertion Inventory (Murayama et al., 1991). The IPIP-IPC-J was administered again to 65 participants five weeks later to determine test-retest reliability. The results generally supported the reliability and validity of the IPIP-IPC-J.